Abstract
References
- López-Pousa A, Martín Broto J, Garrido T, Vázquez J. Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17: 419-30.
- Liede A, Bach BA, Stryker S, et al. Regional variation and challenges in estimating the incidence of giant cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96: 1999-2007.
- van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PD, van de Sande MA, et al. The clinical approach toward giant cell tumor of bone. Oncologist 2014; 19: 550-61.
- Errani C, Ruggieri P, Asenzio MA, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: A review of 349 cases from a single institution. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36: 1-7.
- Klenke FM, Wenger DE, Inwards CY, Rose PS, Sim FH. Giant cell tumor of bone: risk factors for recurrence. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469: 591-9.
- Turcotte RE. Giant cell tumor of bone. Orthop Clin North Am 2006; 37: 35-51.
- Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134: 969-78.
- Hu P, Zhao L, Zhang H, et al. Recurrence rates and risk factors for primary giant cell tumors around the knee: a multicentre retrospective study in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 36332.
- O’Donnell RJ, Springfield DS, Motwani HK, Ready JE, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Recurrence of giant-cell tumors of the long bones after curettage and packing with cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994; 76: 1827-33.
- Becker WT, Dohle J, Bernd L, et al. Local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after intralesional treatment with and without adjuvant therapy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90: 1060-7.
- Kivioja AH, Blomqvist C, Hietaniemi K, et al. Cement is recommended in intralesional surgery of giant cell tumors: a Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 294 patients followed for a median time of 5 years. Acta Orthop 2008; 79: 86-93.
- Niu X, Zhang Q, Hao L, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: retrospective analysis of 621 Chinese patients from one institution. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94: 461-7.
- van der Heijden L, van de Sande MA, Dijkstra PD. Soft tissue extension increases the risk of local recurrence after curettage with adjuvants for giant-cell tumor of the long bones. Acta Orthop 2012; 83: 401-5.
- Dabak N, Göçer H, Çıraklı A. Advantages of pressurized-spray cryosurgery in giant cell tumors of the bone. Balkan Med J 2016; 33: 496-503.
- Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, Sudanese A. Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987; 69: 106-14.
- Kafchitsas K, Habermann B, Proschek D, Kurth A, Eberhardt C. Functional results after giant cell tumor operation near knee joint and the cement radiolucent zone as indicator of recurrence. Anticancer Res 2010; 30: 3795-9.
- Gaston CL, Bhumbra R, Watanuki M, et al. Does the addition of cement improve the rate of local recurrence after curettage of giant cell tumours in bone? J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011; 93: 1665-9.
- Balke M, Ahrens H, Streitbuerger A, et al. Treatment options for recurrent giant cell tumors of bone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135: 149-58.
- Benevenia J, Patterson FR, Beebe KS, Abdelshahed MM, Uglialoro AD. Comparison of phenol and argon beam coagulation as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of stage 2 and 3 benign-aggressive bone tumors. Orthopedics 2012; 35: e371-8.
- Moon MS, Kim SS, Moon JL, Kim SS, Moon H. Treating giant cell tumours with curettage, electrocautery, burring, phenol irrigation, and cementation. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2013; 21: 209-12.
- Trieb K, Bitzan P, Lang S, Dominkus M, Kotz R. Recurrence of curetted and bone-grafted giant-cell tumours with and without adjuvant phenol therapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2001; 27: 200-2.
- Dürr HR, Maier M, Jansson V, Baur A, Refior HJ. Phenol as an adjuvant for local control in the treatment of giant cell tumour of the bone. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1999; 25: 610-8.
- Capanna R, Fabbri N, Bettelli G. Curettage of giant cell tumor of bone. The effect of surgical technique and adjuvants on local recurrence rate. Chir Organi Mov. 1990; 75: 206.
- Boons HW, Keijser LC, Schreuder HW, Pruszczynski M, Lemmens JA, Veth RP. Oncologic and functional results after treatment of giant cell tumors of bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2002; 122: 17-23.
- Veth R, Schreuder B, van Beem H, Pruszczynski M, de Rooy J. Cryosurgery in aggressive, benign, and low-grade malignant bone tumours. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6: 25-34.
- Malawer MM, Bickels J, Meller I, Buch RG, Henshaw RM, Kollender Y. Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor. A long-term followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999: 176-88.
- Prosser GH, Baloch KG, Tillman RM, Carter SR, Grimer RJ. Does curettage without adjuvant therapy provide low recurrence rates in giant-cell tumors of bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005: 211-8.
- van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PD, Campanacci DA, Gibbons CL, van de Sande MA. Giant cell tumor with pathologic fracture: should we curette or resect? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471: 820-9.
- van der Heijden L, Lipplaa A, van Langevelde K, Bovée J, van de Sande MAJ, Gelderblom H. Updated concepts in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34: 371-8.
- Yue J, Sun W, Li S. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in cases of surgically unsalvageable giant cell tumor of bone: A randomized clinical trial. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35: 100441.
Giant cell tumor of the bone: an evaluation of prognostic factors associated with local recurrence and a comparison with the current literature
Abstract
Aim: Results of the surgical and medical treatments of giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) in terms of local recurrence and prognostic factors associated with local recurrence are evaluated in this study.
Material and Method: Patients treated with either surgical or medical methods for GCT between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Gender and age of the patients, localization of tumors, the existence of pathological fractures, grade of the tumor, soft tissue expansion, and resection types were evaluated. Postoperative local recurrence and metastasis were analyzed, and the risk factors associated with local recurrence were determined.
Results: The mean age of the 117 patients (51 female and 66 male) was 36.1±9.3 years. The mean follow-up was 71.2±48.3 months. Forty patients were Grade I, 56 were Grade II, and 21 were Grade 3, according to the Campanacci Grading System. Soft tissue expansion was present in 21 (17.9%) patients. 59.8% of the patients were undergone intralesional curettage, 32.4% of the patients were treated with marginal or wide local excision combined with adjuvant therapy with liquid nitrogen and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) application, and 5.9% of the patients have treated with en bloc wide resection and reconstruction or arthrodesis. Two patients suffering from sacral involvement were treated with radiotherapy. There was local recurrence after surgery in 19 (16.2%) of the patients.
Conclusion: Local recurrence is an important cause of morbidity in the treatment of GCT, which is a benign but aggressive tumor of the bone. In this study, in which we investigated the causes of local recurrence, Campanacci Grade and soft tissue expansion were found to be associated with the development of local recurrence.
References
- López-Pousa A, Martín Broto J, Garrido T, Vázquez J. Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17: 419-30.
- Liede A, Bach BA, Stryker S, et al. Regional variation and challenges in estimating the incidence of giant cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96: 1999-2007.
- van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PD, van de Sande MA, et al. The clinical approach toward giant cell tumor of bone. Oncologist 2014; 19: 550-61.
- Errani C, Ruggieri P, Asenzio MA, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: A review of 349 cases from a single institution. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36: 1-7.
- Klenke FM, Wenger DE, Inwards CY, Rose PS, Sim FH. Giant cell tumor of bone: risk factors for recurrence. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469: 591-9.
- Turcotte RE. Giant cell tumor of bone. Orthop Clin North Am 2006; 37: 35-51.
- Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134: 969-78.
- Hu P, Zhao L, Zhang H, et al. Recurrence rates and risk factors for primary giant cell tumors around the knee: a multicentre retrospective study in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 36332.
- O’Donnell RJ, Springfield DS, Motwani HK, Ready JE, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Recurrence of giant-cell tumors of the long bones after curettage and packing with cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994; 76: 1827-33.
- Becker WT, Dohle J, Bernd L, et al. Local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after intralesional treatment with and without adjuvant therapy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90: 1060-7.
- Kivioja AH, Blomqvist C, Hietaniemi K, et al. Cement is recommended in intralesional surgery of giant cell tumors: a Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 294 patients followed for a median time of 5 years. Acta Orthop 2008; 79: 86-93.
- Niu X, Zhang Q, Hao L, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: retrospective analysis of 621 Chinese patients from one institution. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94: 461-7.
- van der Heijden L, van de Sande MA, Dijkstra PD. Soft tissue extension increases the risk of local recurrence after curettage with adjuvants for giant-cell tumor of the long bones. Acta Orthop 2012; 83: 401-5.
- Dabak N, Göçer H, Çıraklı A. Advantages of pressurized-spray cryosurgery in giant cell tumors of the bone. Balkan Med J 2016; 33: 496-503.
- Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, Sudanese A. Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987; 69: 106-14.
- Kafchitsas K, Habermann B, Proschek D, Kurth A, Eberhardt C. Functional results after giant cell tumor operation near knee joint and the cement radiolucent zone as indicator of recurrence. Anticancer Res 2010; 30: 3795-9.
- Gaston CL, Bhumbra R, Watanuki M, et al. Does the addition of cement improve the rate of local recurrence after curettage of giant cell tumours in bone? J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011; 93: 1665-9.
- Balke M, Ahrens H, Streitbuerger A, et al. Treatment options for recurrent giant cell tumors of bone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135: 149-58.
- Benevenia J, Patterson FR, Beebe KS, Abdelshahed MM, Uglialoro AD. Comparison of phenol and argon beam coagulation as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of stage 2 and 3 benign-aggressive bone tumors. Orthopedics 2012; 35: e371-8.
- Moon MS, Kim SS, Moon JL, Kim SS, Moon H. Treating giant cell tumours with curettage, electrocautery, burring, phenol irrigation, and cementation. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2013; 21: 209-12.
- Trieb K, Bitzan P, Lang S, Dominkus M, Kotz R. Recurrence of curetted and bone-grafted giant-cell tumours with and without adjuvant phenol therapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2001; 27: 200-2.
- Dürr HR, Maier M, Jansson V, Baur A, Refior HJ. Phenol as an adjuvant for local control in the treatment of giant cell tumour of the bone. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1999; 25: 610-8.
- Capanna R, Fabbri N, Bettelli G. Curettage of giant cell tumor of bone. The effect of surgical technique and adjuvants on local recurrence rate. Chir Organi Mov. 1990; 75: 206.
- Boons HW, Keijser LC, Schreuder HW, Pruszczynski M, Lemmens JA, Veth RP. Oncologic and functional results after treatment of giant cell tumors of bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2002; 122: 17-23.
- Veth R, Schreuder B, van Beem H, Pruszczynski M, de Rooy J. Cryosurgery in aggressive, benign, and low-grade malignant bone tumours. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6: 25-34.
- Malawer MM, Bickels J, Meller I, Buch RG, Henshaw RM, Kollender Y. Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor. A long-term followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999: 176-88.
- Prosser GH, Baloch KG, Tillman RM, Carter SR, Grimer RJ. Does curettage without adjuvant therapy provide low recurrence rates in giant-cell tumors of bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005: 211-8.
- van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PD, Campanacci DA, Gibbons CL, van de Sande MA. Giant cell tumor with pathologic fracture: should we curette or resect? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471: 820-9.
- van der Heijden L, Lipplaa A, van Langevelde K, Bovée J, van de Sande MAJ, Gelderblom H. Updated concepts in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34: 371-8.
- Yue J, Sun W, Li S. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in cases of surgically unsalvageable giant cell tumor of bone: A randomized clinical trial. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35: 100441.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | October 21, 2022 |
| Publication Date | October 22, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 4 |
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