Abstract
Most of the coronavirus infections present with mild upper respiratory tract infection in humans. Atypical pneumonia cases with similar findings began to be reported in Wuhan, China, towards the end of 2019. In these cases, it was understood that the agent was a new type of coronavirus and was named SARS-CoV-2. Pediatric cases account for 2.1% to 8.4% of all SARS-CoV-2 cases. Unlike adults, acute respiratory distress syndrome is rare in children. The most common cause of SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization in children is the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome which is seen 2-4 weeks after the acute period. Kawasaki disease (KD)-like findings such as fever, rash and conjunctivitis are common in these patients while unlike KD, gastrointestinal system involvement, lymphopenia, thrombo-cytopenia and high B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are frequently observed. In this review, we aimed to increase awareness about the newly defined multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in childhood and to share the treatment algorithm which is developed in the light of our own experiences and literature.
References
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- 8. Matsubara D, Kauffman HL, Wang Y, et al. Echocardiographic Findings in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19 in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(17):1947-1961. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.056
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Abstract
Koronavirüs enfeksiyonlarının çoğu, insanda hafif üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu semptomları ile seyretmektedir. Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde 2019’un sonlarına doğru benzer özellikler gösteren atipik pnömoni vakaları bildirilmeye başlandı. Bu vakalarda etkenin yeni bir tip koronavirüs olduğu anlaşıldı ve SARS-CoV-2 olarak adlandırıldı. Tüm SARS-CoV-2 vakalarının %2,1 ila %8,4'ünü pediatrik vakalar oluşturmaktadır. Yetişkinlerden farklı olarak, ciddi solunum yetmezliği ve akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu tablosu nadirdir. Çocuklarda en sık SARS-CoV-2 ilişkili hastane yatışı akut dönemden 2-4 hafta sonra görülen çocukluk çağının multisistemik inflamatuar sendromudur. Bu hasta grubunda ateş, döküntü konjonktuvit gibi Kavasaki hastalığı benzeri bulgular sıktır. Kavasaki hastalığından farklı olarak sıklıkla yaygın gastrointestinal sistem tutulumuna, lenfopeniye, trombositopeniye ve yüksek B-tipi natriüretik peptit (BNP) düzeylerine rastlanmaktadır. Bu derleme ile yeni tanımlanan çocukluk çağının multisistemik inflamatuar sendromu ile ilgili farkındalığı artırmak, kendi deneyimlerimiz ve literatür bilgileri ışığında geliştirdiğimiz tedavi yaklaşımımızı paylaşmayı amaçladık.
References
- 1. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-1242. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
- 2. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Accessed December 24, 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
- 3. WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. Accessed December 24, 2020. https://www.who.int/directorgeneral/speeches/ detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-brie fing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020
- 4. Dufort EM, Koumans EH, Chow EJ, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(4):347-358. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa 2021756
- 5. Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(4):334-346. doi:10.1056/NEJM oa2021680
- 6. Davies P, Evans C, Kanthimathinathan HK, et al. Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(9):669-677. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30215-7
- 7. Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun. 2020;111:102452. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452
- 8. Matsubara D, Kauffman HL, Wang Y, et al. Echocardiographic Findings in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19 in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(17):1947-1961. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.056
- 9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Alert Network (HAN). Multi-sytem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Available at:https://emergency.cdc.gov/ han/202000432.asp (Accessed on May 15, 2020).
- 10. World Health Organization. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19: Scientific Brief. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/ publications-detail/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-19 (Accessed on May 17, 2020).
- 11. Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020;324(3):259-269. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10369
- 12. Henderson LA, Canna SW, Friedman KG, et al. American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID-19. doi:10.1002/art.41616
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Paediatrics |
| Journal Section | Derleme |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 24, 2021 |
| Submission Date | January 23, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | February 18, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 |
The articles in the Journal of "Acta Medica Nicomedia" are open access articles licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License at the web address https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/actamednicomedia