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The Effect of Modes of Feeding in Months 0-6 on Childhood Obesity and Eating Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Research

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 171 - 178, 23.12.2020

Abstract

Aim: To determine the effect of modes of feeding in months 0-6 on childhood obesity and eating behaviors.
Material and Methods: Conducted as cross-sectional research, this study was carried out over the period September 2015-February 2016 at public kindergartens operating under the Provincial Directorate of National Education in Aydın. The sample of the study comprised 305 children, aged 49-72 months, enrolled in the kindergartens, and their mothers (N=623). The data were collected with a data collection form and the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used in the data analysis.
Results: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months was 58% in the participating children and obesity frequency was 18.4%. The obesity frequency of children exclusively breastfed in the first six months (16.4%) of life was lower that the rates of children fed with formula (26.2%) or with a mixed regimen (18.6%) but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.336). It was found that, outside of the emotional overeating and fussiness dimensions modes of feeding children in the first six months did not affect the other subscales of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (p>0.05). The emotional overeating and food fussiness means score of children exclusively breastfed was lower than that of children fed a mixed regimen and formula (p=0.041 and p=0.042).
Conclusion: In our study, about one out of every five children were obese and it was found that being exclusively breastfed over the first six months did not impact the frequency of obesity; also, this did not have an effect on eating behaviors outside of emotional overeating and fussiness. It might be recommended that more comprehensive studies be carried out to investigate the effect of breastfeeding on obesity and eating behaviors.

Supporting Institution

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir-ASYO-14004

Project Number

ASYO-14004

Thanks

I wish to thank Midwife Gizem Uzun for her ideas and her contribution to the scan of the literature and all of the school administrations and teachers who supported us in reaching parents and taking the students' anthropometric measurements as well as supplying us with space for our study. We also extend our gratitude to all the mothers who took the time to participate in our research.

References

  • Çalışır H, Karaçam Z. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school children and it scor relation with sociodemographic factors in Aydın, Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2011; 17(2): 166–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01922.x
  • World Health Organization. Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity 2016. The Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Yan J, Liu L, Zhu Y, Huang G, Wang PP. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity, A meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1267. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1267.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Obesity and overweight, [Cited: 2020 February 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
  • Carroll MD, Navaneelan T, Bryan S, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the United States and Canada. NCHS Data Brief No. 211. [Cited: 2020 February 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/db_211.pdf.
  • Jouret B, Ahluwalia N, Cristini C, Dupuy M, Nègre-Pages L, Grandjean H et al. Factors associated with overweight in preschool-age children in southwestern France. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(6): 1643-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1643.
  • Manios Y, Costarelli V, Kolotourou M, Kondakis K, Tzavara C, Moschonis G. Prevalence of obesity in preschool Greek children, in relation to parental characteristics and region of residence. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7(1): 178. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-178
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (2014), "Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2013". Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, T.C. Ministry of Development and TUBITAK, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Yabancı N, Şimşek I, İstanbulluoğlu I, Bakır B. The prevalence of obesity and associated factors in a kindergarten in Ankara. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2009; 8(5): 397-404.
  • Önder ÖZ. Examination of obesity with an thropometric data pre-schoolage between 3-6 years [PhD dissertation]. Ankara: Ankara University; 2011.
  • Inal S, Canbulat N, Bozkurt G. The effects of healthy life style behaviors of mothers on obesity in preschool children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015; 65(10): 1079-1084.
  • Taveras EM, Gillman MW, Kleinman KP, et al. Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity, The role of early life risk factors. JAMA Pediatr. 2013; 167(8): 731-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.85.
  • Kelishadi R, Poursafa PA. Review on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle aspects of the early-life origins of cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2014; 44(3): 54-72.doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.12.005.
  • Huus K, Ludvigsson JF, Enskär K, Ludvigsson J. Exclusive breastfeeding of Swedish children and its possible influence on the development of obesity, A prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2008; 8: 42.doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-8-42
  • Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Davey-Smith G, Gillman MW, Cook DG. The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life, A quantitative review of publish edevidence. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(5): 1367-77.doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1298
  • Twells L, Newhook LA. Can exclusive breastfeding reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity in some region of Canada? Can J Public Health. 2010; 101(1): 36-39.doi: 10.17269/cjph.101.2183
  • Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Victora CG. Long-term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104(467): 30–7. doi: 10.1111/apa.13133
  • Vafa M, Moslehi N, Afshari S, Hossini A, Eshraghian M. Breastfeeding and childhood obesity. J Health Popul Nutr. 2012; 30(3): 303-10. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i3.12293
  • Edem P. Obesity prevalence and risk factors in 3-6 years old children living in central districts of the metropolitan [PhD dissertation]. İzmir: Dokuz Eylul University; 2013.
  • Yılmaz R, Esmaray H, Erkorkmaz Ü. Adaptation study of the Turkish Children’s eating behavior questionnaire. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011; 12(4): 287-294.
  • Özer S, Bozkurt H, Sönmezgöz E, Bilge S, Yılmaz R, Demir O. Evaluation of eating behaviour in obese children. J Child. 2014(2); 14: 66-71.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biostatistics. 6th ed. Ankara: Ozdemir Publishing; 1995.
  • Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport LJ. Development of the children’s eating behaviour questionnaire. Child Psychiat. 2001; 42(7): 963-970.
  • Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F. Weight, height, head circumference and body massindex references for Turkish children. Journal of Child Health and Diseases. 2008; 51(1): 1-14.
  • Infant and young child feding data by country. [Internet]. World Health Organization. [ Cited: 2017 September 20]. Available from: http//www.who.int/nutrition/databases/infantfeeding/countries/pak.pdf?ua=1.
  • Ryan AS. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity. Coll Antropol. 2007; 31(1): 9-28.
  • Sirirassamee T, Hunchangsith P. Chıldren’s eating behavior questionnaire: Factorial validation and differences in sex and educational level in Thai scool-age children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016; 47(6): 1325-34. Doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002210.
  • Daniels LA, Mallan KM, Battistutta D, Nicholson JM, Meedeniya JE, Bayer JK, et al. Child eating behavior outcomes of an early feding intervention to reduce risk indicators for child obesity: The NOURISH RCT. Obesity A Research Journal. 2014; 22(5): 104-111. doi: 10.1002/oby.20693.
  • Möller AM, de Hoog MLA, van Eijsden M, Gemke R. Infant nutrition in relation to eating behavior and fruit and vegetable intake at age 5 years. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013; 109(3): 564-71.doi:10.1017/S0007114512001237.
  • Jansen PW, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Mackenbach JD, Raat H, Hofman A. et al. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: Results from the population-based Generation R Study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2012; 9: 130.doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-130.
  • Nicklaus S. The role of dietary experience in the development of eating behavior during the first years of life. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017; 70(3): 241-5.doi: 10.1159/000465532.
  • Specht IO, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Heitmann BL. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behavior and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children. Plos One. 2018; 13(7): 1-11.
  • Aktaç Ş. Human milk hormones and its relation with obesity. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nutr Diet-Special Topics. 2017;3(2): 80-7.

0 – 6 Ay Beslenme Özelliklerinin Çocuklarda Obezite ve Yeme Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 171 - 178, 23.12.2020

Abstract

Amaç: 0 – 6 ay beslenme özelliklerinin çocuklarda obezite ve yeme davranışları üzerine etkisini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak yapılan araştırma Aydın il merkezinde Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı devlet anaokullarında, Eylül 2015-Şubat 2016 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini, bu anaokullarında öğrenim gören 49–72 aylık çocuklar ve anneleri (N=623), örneklemi ise 305 çocuk ve annesi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, veri toplama formu ve Çocuklarda Yeme Davranışı Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Student t testi, ANOVA, Ki-kare, Benfferroni testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çocuklarda, ilk altı ay sadece anne sütü ile beslenme oranı %58 ve obezite sıklığı %18,4’dür. İlk altı ay sadece anne sütü alan çocukların obezite sıklığı (%16,4) mama (%26,2) veya karma beslenen (%18,6) çocuklardan daha düşüktür ancak bu fark istatistiksel düzeyde değildir (p=0,336). Çocukların ilk altı ay beslenme özelliklerinin duygusal aşırı yeme ve yemek seçiciliği dışında, Çocuklarda Yeme Davranışı Anketinin diğer alt boyutlarını etkilemediği bulunmuştur (p>0,05). Sadece anne sütü ile beslenen çocukların duygusal aşırı yeme (p=0,041) ve yemek seçiciliği puan ortalamaları mama ve karma beslenen çocuklara göre daha düşüktür (p=0,042).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda yaklaşık her beş çocuktan biri obezdir ve ilk altı ay sadece anne sütü ile beslemenin çocuklarda obezite sıklığını; duygusal aşırı yeme ve yemek seçiciliği dışındaki yeme davranışlarını etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Anne sütünün obezite üzerine ve yeme davranışları üzerine etkisini araştıran daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir.

Project Number

ASYO-14004

References

  • Çalışır H, Karaçam Z. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school children and it scor relation with sociodemographic factors in Aydın, Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2011; 17(2): 166–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01922.x
  • World Health Organization. Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity 2016. The Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Yan J, Liu L, Zhu Y, Huang G, Wang PP. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity, A meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1267. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1267.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Obesity and overweight, [Cited: 2020 February 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
  • Carroll MD, Navaneelan T, Bryan S, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the United States and Canada. NCHS Data Brief No. 211. [Cited: 2020 February 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/db_211.pdf.
  • Jouret B, Ahluwalia N, Cristini C, Dupuy M, Nègre-Pages L, Grandjean H et al. Factors associated with overweight in preschool-age children in southwestern France. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(6): 1643-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1643.
  • Manios Y, Costarelli V, Kolotourou M, Kondakis K, Tzavara C, Moschonis G. Prevalence of obesity in preschool Greek children, in relation to parental characteristics and region of residence. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7(1): 178. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-178
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (2014), "Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2013". Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, T.C. Ministry of Development and TUBITAK, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Yabancı N, Şimşek I, İstanbulluoğlu I, Bakır B. The prevalence of obesity and associated factors in a kindergarten in Ankara. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2009; 8(5): 397-404.
  • Önder ÖZ. Examination of obesity with an thropometric data pre-schoolage between 3-6 years [PhD dissertation]. Ankara: Ankara University; 2011.
  • Inal S, Canbulat N, Bozkurt G. The effects of healthy life style behaviors of mothers on obesity in preschool children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015; 65(10): 1079-1084.
  • Taveras EM, Gillman MW, Kleinman KP, et al. Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity, The role of early life risk factors. JAMA Pediatr. 2013; 167(8): 731-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.85.
  • Kelishadi R, Poursafa PA. Review on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle aspects of the early-life origins of cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2014; 44(3): 54-72.doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.12.005.
  • Huus K, Ludvigsson JF, Enskär K, Ludvigsson J. Exclusive breastfeeding of Swedish children and its possible influence on the development of obesity, A prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2008; 8: 42.doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-8-42
  • Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Davey-Smith G, Gillman MW, Cook DG. The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life, A quantitative review of publish edevidence. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(5): 1367-77.doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1298
  • Twells L, Newhook LA. Can exclusive breastfeding reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity in some region of Canada? Can J Public Health. 2010; 101(1): 36-39.doi: 10.17269/cjph.101.2183
  • Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Victora CG. Long-term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104(467): 30–7. doi: 10.1111/apa.13133
  • Vafa M, Moslehi N, Afshari S, Hossini A, Eshraghian M. Breastfeeding and childhood obesity. J Health Popul Nutr. 2012; 30(3): 303-10. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i3.12293
  • Edem P. Obesity prevalence and risk factors in 3-6 years old children living in central districts of the metropolitan [PhD dissertation]. İzmir: Dokuz Eylul University; 2013.
  • Yılmaz R, Esmaray H, Erkorkmaz Ü. Adaptation study of the Turkish Children’s eating behavior questionnaire. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011; 12(4): 287-294.
  • Özer S, Bozkurt H, Sönmezgöz E, Bilge S, Yılmaz R, Demir O. Evaluation of eating behaviour in obese children. J Child. 2014(2); 14: 66-71.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biostatistics. 6th ed. Ankara: Ozdemir Publishing; 1995.
  • Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport LJ. Development of the children’s eating behaviour questionnaire. Child Psychiat. 2001; 42(7): 963-970.
  • Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F. Weight, height, head circumference and body massindex references for Turkish children. Journal of Child Health and Diseases. 2008; 51(1): 1-14.
  • Infant and young child feding data by country. [Internet]. World Health Organization. [ Cited: 2017 September 20]. Available from: http//www.who.int/nutrition/databases/infantfeeding/countries/pak.pdf?ua=1.
  • Ryan AS. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity. Coll Antropol. 2007; 31(1): 9-28.
  • Sirirassamee T, Hunchangsith P. Chıldren’s eating behavior questionnaire: Factorial validation and differences in sex and educational level in Thai scool-age children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016; 47(6): 1325-34. Doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002210.
  • Daniels LA, Mallan KM, Battistutta D, Nicholson JM, Meedeniya JE, Bayer JK, et al. Child eating behavior outcomes of an early feding intervention to reduce risk indicators for child obesity: The NOURISH RCT. Obesity A Research Journal. 2014; 22(5): 104-111. doi: 10.1002/oby.20693.
  • Möller AM, de Hoog MLA, van Eijsden M, Gemke R. Infant nutrition in relation to eating behavior and fruit and vegetable intake at age 5 years. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013; 109(3): 564-71.doi:10.1017/S0007114512001237.
  • Jansen PW, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Mackenbach JD, Raat H, Hofman A. et al. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: Results from the population-based Generation R Study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2012; 9: 130.doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-130.
  • Nicklaus S. The role of dietary experience in the development of eating behavior during the first years of life. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017; 70(3): 241-5.doi: 10.1159/000465532.
  • Specht IO, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Heitmann BL. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behavior and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children. Plos One. 2018; 13(7): 1-11.
  • Aktaç Ş. Human milk hormones and its relation with obesity. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nutr Diet-Special Topics. 2017;3(2): 80-7.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayten Taşpınar 0000-0001-7918-2457

Project Number ASYO-14004
Publication Date December 23, 2020
Submission Date April 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Taşpınar, A. (2020). 0 – 6 Ay Beslenme Özelliklerinin Çocuklarda Obezite ve Yeme Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 171-178.

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