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Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 113 - 120, 01.05.2024

Cemile Çelebi Fatma Balcı Güngör İsmail Sivrikaya İkbal Çavdar

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718

Abstract

Nurses, who play an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, are exposed to emotional and psychological stress due to unforeseen risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of nurses who are at the forefront in the emergency department, where COVID-19 suspected cases are first encountered, and to analyze their emotional and psychological needs in the light of Alderfer's Existence-Relationship-Growth theory. Data were collected from 20 May to 15 June 2020 in Muğla, Türkiye. 10 nurses working in the COVID-19 emergency department constituted the study sample. The descriptive phenomenological study was planned according to the qualitative research paradigm, based on the Consolidated Qualitative Research Reporting Criteria checklist. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. As a result of the analysis of the data, when the psychological needs of clinical nurses were evaluated in terms of Existence-Relatedness-Growth theory, it was determined that their health and safety needs were priority and they needed respect and understanding in their relationships. The life experiences of nurses working in the emergency room, under two main themes as “patient care process experiences” and “feelings”, and their emotional and psychological needs under three themes as “need to exist”, “need to establish relationship” and “need to develop” gathered under. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that the existence, relationship, and growth needs of emergency nurses were affected by each other.

Keywords

Covid-19 Nurse Emotional needs Psychological needs ERG theory

Thanks

We would like to thank the nurses who contributed to this study and all healthcare professionals who served during the COVID-19 epidemic. We also thank Mr. Atilla Bozdoğan for his statistical support. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

References

  • Adams JG, Walls RM. 2020. Supporting the health care workforce during the COVID-19 global epidemic. JAMA, 323(15): 1439.
  • Arcadi P, Simonetti V, Ambrosca R, Cicolini G, Simeone S, Pucciarelli G, Alvaro R, Vellone E, Durante, A. 2021. Nurs during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A phenomenological study. J Nurs Manage, 29(5): 1111–1119.
  • Catton H. 2020. Nurs in the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: protecting, saving, supporting and honouring nurses. Inter Nurs Review, 67(2): 157–159.
  • Caulton JR. 2012. The development and use of the theory of ERG: A literature review. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 5(1): 2–8.
  • Colaizzi PF. 1978. Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology. In: Vale RS, King M, editors. Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp: 48–71.
  • Erdogan S. 2015. Nitel araştırmalar. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin MN, editörler. Hemşirelikte araştırma. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2. baskı, pp: 131–164.
  • Gao L, Liu JE, Zhou XP, Su YL, Wang PL. 2020. Supporting her as the situation changes: A qualitative study of spousal support strategies for patients with breast cancer in China. Eur J Cancer Care, 29(1): 1–10.
  • Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. 2020. Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Critical Care, 24(1): 120.
  • Husserl E. 1961. Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology. Philosoph Books, 2(2): 4–5.
  • Jiang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, He J, Chen L, Liu Y, Hu X, Li A, Liu S, Zhang P, Zou H, Hua S. 2020. Clinical data on hospital environmental hygiene monitoring and medical staff protection during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.25.20028043.
  • Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. 2021. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Inter J Soc Psychiat, 67(2): 158–167.
  • Koh Y, Hegney D, Drury V. 2012. Nurses’ perceptions of risk from emerging respiratory infectious diseases: A Singapore study. Inter J Nurs Pract, 18(2): 195–204.
  • Lam KK, Hung SYM. 2013. Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: A qualitative study. Inter Emerg Nurs, 21(4): 240–246.
  • Lee TS, Tzeng W, Chiang H. 2019. Impact of coping strategies on nurses’ well‐being and practice. J Nurs Scholar, 51(2): 195–204.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KSM, Lau EHY, Wong JY, Xing X, Xiang N, Wu Y, Li C, Chen Q, Li D, Liu T, Zhao J, Liu M, … Feng Z. 2020. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England J Med, 382(13): 1199–1207.
  • Liu X, Chen J, Wang D, Li X, Wang E, Jin Y, Ma Y, Yu C, Luo C, Zhang L, Liu C, Zhou Y, Yang L, Song J, Bai T, Hou X. 2020. COVID-19 outbreak can change the job burnout in health care professionals. Front Psychiat, 11: 563781.
  • Park SC, Park YC. 2020. Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea. Psychiat Invest, 17(2): 85–86.
  • Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, Carmona-Rega MI, Ortega-Galán ÁM. 2020. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs, 29(21–22): 4321–4330.
  • Sandelowski M. 2010. What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Res Nurs Health, 33(1): 77–84.
  • Scammell J. 2018. CPD: a priority for nurse retention? British J Nurs, 27(17): 1018–1018.
  • See KC, Zhao MY, Nakataki E, Chittawatanarat K, Fang WF, Faruq MO, Wahjuprajitno B, Arabi YM, Wong WT, Divatia JV, Palo JE, Shrestha BR, Nafees KMK, Binh NG, Al Rahma HN, Detleuxay K, Ong V, Phua J. 2018. Professional burnout among physicians and nurses in Asian intensive care units: a multinational survey. Intensive Care Med, 44(12): 2079–2090.
  • Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, Wang H, Wang C, Wang Z, You Y, Liu S, Wang H. 2020. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American J Infect Control, 48(6): 592–598.
  • Tekin G, Görgülü B. 2018. Clayton Alderfer’in ERG teorisi ve çalışanların iş tatmini. Social Sciences Studies J, 4(17): 1559–1578.
  • The State Council of China. 2020. A notification to set up nationwide psychological assistance hotlines against the 2019-nCoV outbreak. URL: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/02/content_5473937.htm. (accessed date: 12 March, 2021).
  • Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. 2007. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Inter J Quality Health Care, 19(6): 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
  • Vincent JL, Creteur J. 2020. Ethical aspects of the COVID-19 crisis: How to deal with an overwhelming shortage of acute beds. Eur Heart J: Acute Cardiovascular Care, 9(3): 248–252.
  • Wang TC, Chen WT, Kang YN, Lin CW, Cheng CY, Suk FM, Chen HY, Hsu CW, Fong TH, Huang WC. 2021. Why do pre-clinical medical students learn ultrasound? Exploring learning motivation through ERG theory. BMC Med Edu, 21(1): 438.
  • Wong EL, Wong SY, Lee N, Cheung A, Griffiths S. 2012. Healthcare workers’ duty concerns of working in the isolation ward during the novel H1N1 pandemic. J Clin Nurs, 21(9–10): 1466–1475.
  • Wong TW, Yau JKY, Chan CLW, Kwong RSY, Ho SMY, Lau CC, Lau FL, Lit CH. 2005. The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med, 12(1): 13–18.
  • World Health Organization. 2020. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 out-break. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf (accessed date: 12 March, 2021).
  • Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, Liu X, Fuller CJ, Susser E, Lu J, Hoven CW. 2009. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in china: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canad J Psychiat, 54(5): 302–311.
  • Yin X, Zeng L. 2020. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. Inter J Nurs Sci, 7(2): 157–160.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W. 2020. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England J Med, 382(8): 727–733.

Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 113 - 120, 01.05.2024

Cemile Çelebi Fatma Balcı Güngör İsmail Sivrikaya İkbal Çavdar

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718

Abstract

Nurses, who play an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, are exposed to emotional and psychological stress due to unforeseen risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of nurses who are at the forefront in the emergency department, where COVID-19 suspected cases are first encountered, and to analyze their emotional and psychological needs in the light of Alderfer's Existence-Relationship-Growth theory. Data were collected from 20 May to 15 June 2020 in Muğla, Türkiye. 10 nurses working in the COVID-19 emergency department constituted the study sample. The descriptive phenomenological study was planned according to the qualitative research paradigm, based on the Consolidated Qualitative Research Reporting Criteria checklist. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. As a result of the analysis of the data, when the psychological needs of clinical nurses were evaluated in terms of Existence-Relatedness-Growth theory, it was determined that their health and safety needs were priority and they needed respect and understanding in their relationships. The life experiences of nurses working in the emergency room, under two main themes as “patient care process experiences” and “feelings”, and their emotional and psychological needs under three themes as “need to exist”, “need to establish relationship” and “need to develop” gathered under. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that the existence, relationship, and growth needs of emergency nurses were affected by each other.

Keywords

Covid-19 Nurse Emotional needs Psychological needs ERG theory

References

  • Adams JG, Walls RM. 2020. Supporting the health care workforce during the COVID-19 global epidemic. JAMA, 323(15): 1439.
  • Arcadi P, Simonetti V, Ambrosca R, Cicolini G, Simeone S, Pucciarelli G, Alvaro R, Vellone E, Durante, A. 2021. Nurs during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A phenomenological study. J Nurs Manage, 29(5): 1111–1119.
  • Catton H. 2020. Nurs in the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: protecting, saving, supporting and honouring nurses. Inter Nurs Review, 67(2): 157–159.
  • Caulton JR. 2012. The development and use of the theory of ERG: A literature review. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 5(1): 2–8.
  • Colaizzi PF. 1978. Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology. In: Vale RS, King M, editors. Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp: 48–71.
  • Erdogan S. 2015. Nitel araştırmalar. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin MN, editörler. Hemşirelikte araştırma. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2. baskı, pp: 131–164.
  • Gao L, Liu JE, Zhou XP, Su YL, Wang PL. 2020. Supporting her as the situation changes: A qualitative study of spousal support strategies for patients with breast cancer in China. Eur J Cancer Care, 29(1): 1–10.
  • Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. 2020. Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Critical Care, 24(1): 120.
  • Husserl E. 1961. Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology. Philosoph Books, 2(2): 4–5.
  • Jiang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, He J, Chen L, Liu Y, Hu X, Li A, Liu S, Zhang P, Zou H, Hua S. 2020. Clinical data on hospital environmental hygiene monitoring and medical staff protection during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.25.20028043.
  • Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. 2021. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Inter J Soc Psychiat, 67(2): 158–167.
  • Koh Y, Hegney D, Drury V. 2012. Nurses’ perceptions of risk from emerging respiratory infectious diseases: A Singapore study. Inter J Nurs Pract, 18(2): 195–204.
  • Lam KK, Hung SYM. 2013. Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: A qualitative study. Inter Emerg Nurs, 21(4): 240–246.
  • Lee TS, Tzeng W, Chiang H. 2019. Impact of coping strategies on nurses’ well‐being and practice. J Nurs Scholar, 51(2): 195–204.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KSM, Lau EHY, Wong JY, Xing X, Xiang N, Wu Y, Li C, Chen Q, Li D, Liu T, Zhao J, Liu M, … Feng Z. 2020. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England J Med, 382(13): 1199–1207.
  • Liu X, Chen J, Wang D, Li X, Wang E, Jin Y, Ma Y, Yu C, Luo C, Zhang L, Liu C, Zhou Y, Yang L, Song J, Bai T, Hou X. 2020. COVID-19 outbreak can change the job burnout in health care professionals. Front Psychiat, 11: 563781.
  • Park SC, Park YC. 2020. Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea. Psychiat Invest, 17(2): 85–86.
  • Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, Carmona-Rega MI, Ortega-Galán ÁM. 2020. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs, 29(21–22): 4321–4330.
  • Sandelowski M. 2010. What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Res Nurs Health, 33(1): 77–84.
  • Scammell J. 2018. CPD: a priority for nurse retention? British J Nurs, 27(17): 1018–1018.
  • See KC, Zhao MY, Nakataki E, Chittawatanarat K, Fang WF, Faruq MO, Wahjuprajitno B, Arabi YM, Wong WT, Divatia JV, Palo JE, Shrestha BR, Nafees KMK, Binh NG, Al Rahma HN, Detleuxay K, Ong V, Phua J. 2018. Professional burnout among physicians and nurses in Asian intensive care units: a multinational survey. Intensive Care Med, 44(12): 2079–2090.
  • Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, Wang H, Wang C, Wang Z, You Y, Liu S, Wang H. 2020. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American J Infect Control, 48(6): 592–598.
  • Tekin G, Görgülü B. 2018. Clayton Alderfer’in ERG teorisi ve çalışanların iş tatmini. Social Sciences Studies J, 4(17): 1559–1578.
  • The State Council of China. 2020. A notification to set up nationwide psychological assistance hotlines against the 2019-nCoV outbreak. URL: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/02/content_5473937.htm. (accessed date: 12 March, 2021).
  • Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. 2007. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Inter J Quality Health Care, 19(6): 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
  • Vincent JL, Creteur J. 2020. Ethical aspects of the COVID-19 crisis: How to deal with an overwhelming shortage of acute beds. Eur Heart J: Acute Cardiovascular Care, 9(3): 248–252.
  • Wang TC, Chen WT, Kang YN, Lin CW, Cheng CY, Suk FM, Chen HY, Hsu CW, Fong TH, Huang WC. 2021. Why do pre-clinical medical students learn ultrasound? Exploring learning motivation through ERG theory. BMC Med Edu, 21(1): 438.
  • Wong EL, Wong SY, Lee N, Cheung A, Griffiths S. 2012. Healthcare workers’ duty concerns of working in the isolation ward during the novel H1N1 pandemic. J Clin Nurs, 21(9–10): 1466–1475.
  • Wong TW, Yau JKY, Chan CLW, Kwong RSY, Ho SMY, Lau CC, Lau FL, Lit CH. 2005. The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med, 12(1): 13–18.
  • World Health Organization. 2020. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 out-break. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf (accessed date: 12 March, 2021).
  • Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, Liu X, Fuller CJ, Susser E, Lu J, Hoven CW. 2009. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in china: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canad J Psychiat, 54(5): 302–311.
  • Yin X, Zeng L. 2020. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. Inter J Nurs Sci, 7(2): 157–160.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W. 2020. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England J Med, 382(8): 727–733.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Surgical Diseases Nursing​​
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Cemile Çelebi 0000-0001-9960-7205

Fatma Balcı Güngör 0000-0003-3528-9564

İsmail Sivrikaya 0000-0002-9909-577X

İkbal Çavdar 0000-0002-8242-6165

Publication Date May 1, 2024
Submission Date January 2, 2024
Acceptance Date February 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çelebi, C., Balcı Güngör, F., Sivrikaya, İ., Çavdar, İ. (2024). Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 7(3), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718
AMA Çelebi C, Balcı Güngör F, Sivrikaya İ, Çavdar İ. Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study. BSJ Health Sci. May 2024;7(3):113-120. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718
Chicago Çelebi, Cemile, Fatma Balcı Güngör, İsmail Sivrikaya, and İkbal Çavdar. “Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7, no. 3 (May 2024): 113-20. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718.
EndNote Çelebi C, Balcı Güngör F, Sivrikaya İ, Çavdar İ (May 1, 2024) Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7 3 113–120.
IEEE C. Çelebi, F. Balcı Güngör, İ. Sivrikaya, and İ. Çavdar, “Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 113–120, 2024, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718.
ISNAD Çelebi, Cemile et al. “Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7/3 (May 2024), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718.
JAMA Çelebi C, Balcı Güngör F, Sivrikaya İ, Çavdar İ. Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study. BSJ Health Sci. 2024;7:113–120.
MLA Çelebi, Cemile et al. “Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 7, no. 3, 2024, pp. 113-20, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1413718.
Vancouver Çelebi C, Balcı Güngör F, Sivrikaya İ, Çavdar İ. Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study. BSJ Health Sci. 2024;7(3):113-20.
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