The Effect of In-Toeing and Out-Toeing Step Angle Disorders Determined by Kinematic Analysis on Some Anaerobic Exercise Parameters
Abstract
Objective: Non-pathological foot deformity is seen in 40 % of the population and it is likely to be seen in many athletes. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of In-Toeing (TOE-IN) and Out-Toeing (TOE-OUT) foot step angle deformities on some anaerobic exercise parameters.
Materials and Methods: Male and female subject groups are determined by kinematic analysis and cross-sectional scanning method and are divided into groups, between the ages of 18-25 and individuals who do not have a licensed sports experience. Vertical Jump Test (VJT), Double Leg Horizontal Jump Test (HJT) and Single Leg Penta (five) Jump Test (PJT), which are Anaerobic Strength Tests, were applied to independent foot groups. Comparison of more than two independent groups with parametric test was performed with ANOVA analysis of variance and Tukey (postoc) tests.
Results: While there was no significant difference in VJT between male groups, the VJT value of female TOE-OUT was found to be significant compared to TOE-IN (p<0.05). In PJT, the value of TOE-OUT in the male groups with step angle deformities was significant compared to the TOE-IN group, and the value of TOE-OUT in the female groups was significant compared to both the normal foot (NF) and TOE-IN groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It has been revealed that Out-Toeing foot produces better anaerobic power vertically than In-Toeing foot in vertical anaerobic jumps, and Out-Toeing foot produces better anaerobic power than normal foot and In-Toeing foot in forward sequential anaerobic movements.
References
- Ferguson, B, ACSM’s Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 2014, The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 58(3), 328.
- Günay, M, Cicioğlu, H, Şıktar, E, Şıktar E, Çocuk, kadın, yaşlı ve özel gruplarda egzersiz. Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 2018.
- Ortega, F. B, Ruiz, J. R, Castillo, M. J, Sjöström, M, Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health, 2008, International journal of obesity, 32(1), 1-11.
- Dugan, S. A, Bhat, K. P, Biomechanics and analysis of runn- ing gait, 2005, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, 16 (3):609-10.
- Jankovic, J, Nutt, J. G, Sudarsky, L, Classification, diagnosis, and etiology of gait disorders, 2001, Advances in Neurology, 87, 119–133.
- Alsancak, S, Yürüyüş terminolojisi, 2015, Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 14(2), 5.
- Korkmaz, M. F, Açak, M, Düz S, Yüksekliği ayarlanabilir tabanlığın düztabanlık tedavisine etkisi, 2018, The International Journal of Educational Researchers, 9(5), 35-39.
- Cibulka, M.T, Winters, K, Kampwerth, T, McAfee, B, Payne, L, Roeckenhaus, T, Ross, S. A, Predıctıng foot progressıon angle during gait using two clinical measures in healthy adults, A preliminary study, 2016, International journal of sports physical therapy, 11(3), 400.
- Accadbled, F, Cahuzac, J. P, In-toeing and out-toeing, 2006, La revue du praticien, 56(2), 165-171.
- Levine, D, Richards, J, Whittle, M. W, Whittle’s dait analysis, 2012, Elsevier health sciences, 67-82.
- Yaman, H, Yaşlılarda sporun fizyolojik fonksiyon kaybına etkisi, 2003, Geriatri, 6(4), 142-146.
- Hill, C. L, Gill, T. K, Menz, H. B, Taylor, A. W, Prevalence and correlates of foot pain in a population-based study: the North west adelaide health study, 2008, Journal of foot and ankle research, 1(1), 1-7.
- Li, Y. H, Leong, J. C. Y, Intoeing gait in children,1999, Hong Kong Medicine Journal, 5, 360-6.
- Subotnick, S. I, The biomechanics of runnig: implications for the prevention of foot injuries,1985, Sports Medicine, 2, 144-53.
- Kinovea Analiz Programı. https://www.kinovea. Org/, 2020 (Erişim 01.09. 2020).
- Nuttall, F. Q, Body mass index: obesity, 2015, BMI, and health: a critical review. Nutrition Today, 50 (3), 117.
- Gage, J.R, Deluca, P.A, Renshaw T.S, Gait analysis: principles and applications with emphasis on its use in cerebral palsy, 1996, Instructional course lectures, 45,491–507.
- Hisham, N. A, Nazri, A. F. A, Madete, J, Herawati, L, Mahmud, J, Measuring ankle angle and analysis of walking gait using kinovea, Internationa Medical Device and Technology Conference, Malaysia, 2017, 427-4-248.
- Nourai, M.H, Fadaei, B, Rizi, A.M, In-toeing and out- toeing gait conservative treatment; hip anteversion and retroversion:10-year follow-up, 2015, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, 20(11), 1084.
- Aragón L. F, Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: Methodology, reliability, validity, and accuracy, 2000, Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 4(4), 215-228.
- Maulder, P, Cronin, J, Horizontal and vertical jump asse- sment: Realiability, symmetry, discriminative and oreditve abilty, 2005, Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2),76.
- Yüksek, S, Eroğlu, H, Kayaklı koşu yıldız milli akımının bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi 2011, Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Derisi, (13),15.
- Lee, J.H, Cynn, H.S, Yoon, T. L, Choi, S. A, Kang, T. W, Differences in the angle of the medial longitudinal arch and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and tibialis anterior during sitting short-foot exercises between subjects with pes planus and subjects with neutral foot, 2016, Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 29(4) 811.
- Ünver, B, Keklik S. S, Yıldırım, T, Bek, N, Pes planusun distal ve proksimal alt ekstremite biyomekanik parametreleri ve bel ağrısı üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi, 2019, Türkiye Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 30(2), 122.
- Fabry, G, Cheng, L. X, Molenaers, G, Normal and abnormal torsional development in children, 1994, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, (302), 22-26.
- Abadie, P, Galaud, B, Michaut, M, Fallet, L, Boisrenoult, P, Beaufils, P, Distal femur rotational alignment and patellar subluxation: a CT scan in vivo assessment, 2009, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 95(4), 267-271.
- Habelt, S, Hasler, C.C, Steinbrück, K, Majewski, M, Sport injuries in adolescents, 2011, Orthopedic reviews, 3(2).
- Bayrak, A, Kurgulu, G. B, Yargıcı M.P, Tuncer İ, The comparison of tibia torsion angles between elite athletes and sedentary people, 2018, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 20(3), 137-139.
- 29. Bej, D.K, Kundu, B. Analysis of aerobic power and swing characteristics in young male race walkers, 2020, American Journal of Sports Science, 8(3), 66.
- 30. Stoutenberg, M, Pluchino, A. P, Ma, F, Hoctor, J. E, Signorile, J. F, The impact of foot position on electromyographical activity of the superficial quadriceps muscles during leg extension, 2005, Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(4), 931-938.
Kinematik Analiz İle Belirlenen İn-Toeing ve Out-Toeing Adım Açısı Bozukluklarının Bazı Anaerobik Egzersiz Parametrelerine Etkisi
Abstract
Giriş ve Amaç: Popülasyonun % 40’ında patolojik olmayan ayak deformitesi görülmektir ve birçok sporcuda rastlanması muhtemeldir. Bu çalışmanın amacı içe dönük İn-Toeing (TOE-İN) ve dışa dönük Out-Toeing (TOE-OUT) ayak adım açısı bozukluklarının bazı anaerobik egzersiz parametrelerine etkilerini tespit etmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kadın ve erkek denek gurupları kinematik analiz ve kesitsel tarama yöntemi ile belirlenerek guruplara ayrılan, 18-25 yaş aralığında, lisanlı spor yaşantısı bulunmayan bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Bağımsız ayak guruplarına Anaerobik Güç Testlerinden olan Dikey Sıçrama Testi (DST), Çift Ayak Yatay Sıçrama Testi (YST) ve Tek Ayak Penta (beşli) Sıçrama Testi (PST) uygulandı. Bağımsız ikiden fazla grubun parametrik test ile karşılaştırması ANOVA varyans analizi ve Tukey (postoc) testleri ile gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: DST'inde erkek gurupları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken kadın TOE-OUT'un DST değeri TOE-İN göre anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). PST'inde adım açısı deformiteleri erkek guruplarında TOE-OUT'un değeri TOE-İN gurubuna göre kadın guruplarında TOE-OUT'un değeri hem TOE-İN hem de normal ayak (NA) gurubuna göre anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Dikeye yapılan anaerobik sıçramalarda Out-Toeing ayağın İn-Toeing ayağa göre dikeyde daha iyi anaerobik güç ürettiği, ileri doğru ardışık gerçekleşen anaerobik hareketlerde Out-Toeing ayağın ise normal ayak ve İn-Toeing ayağa göre daha iyi anaerobik güç ürettikleri ortaya konmuştur.
References
- Ferguson, B, ACSM’s Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 2014, The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 58(3), 328.
- Günay, M, Cicioğlu, H, Şıktar, E, Şıktar E, Çocuk, kadın, yaşlı ve özel gruplarda egzersiz. Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 2018.
- Ortega, F. B, Ruiz, J. R, Castillo, M. J, Sjöström, M, Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health, 2008, International journal of obesity, 32(1), 1-11.
- Dugan, S. A, Bhat, K. P, Biomechanics and analysis of runn- ing gait, 2005, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, 16 (3):609-10.
- Jankovic, J, Nutt, J. G, Sudarsky, L, Classification, diagnosis, and etiology of gait disorders, 2001, Advances in Neurology, 87, 119–133.
- Alsancak, S, Yürüyüş terminolojisi, 2015, Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 14(2), 5.
- Korkmaz, M. F, Açak, M, Düz S, Yüksekliği ayarlanabilir tabanlığın düztabanlık tedavisine etkisi, 2018, The International Journal of Educational Researchers, 9(5), 35-39.
- Cibulka, M.T, Winters, K, Kampwerth, T, McAfee, B, Payne, L, Roeckenhaus, T, Ross, S. A, Predıctıng foot progressıon angle during gait using two clinical measures in healthy adults, A preliminary study, 2016, International journal of sports physical therapy, 11(3), 400.
- Accadbled, F, Cahuzac, J. P, In-toeing and out-toeing, 2006, La revue du praticien, 56(2), 165-171.
- Levine, D, Richards, J, Whittle, M. W, Whittle’s dait analysis, 2012, Elsevier health sciences, 67-82.
- Yaman, H, Yaşlılarda sporun fizyolojik fonksiyon kaybına etkisi, 2003, Geriatri, 6(4), 142-146.
- Hill, C. L, Gill, T. K, Menz, H. B, Taylor, A. W, Prevalence and correlates of foot pain in a population-based study: the North west adelaide health study, 2008, Journal of foot and ankle research, 1(1), 1-7.
- Li, Y. H, Leong, J. C. Y, Intoeing gait in children,1999, Hong Kong Medicine Journal, 5, 360-6.
- Subotnick, S. I, The biomechanics of runnig: implications for the prevention of foot injuries,1985, Sports Medicine, 2, 144-53.
- Kinovea Analiz Programı. https://www.kinovea. Org/, 2020 (Erişim 01.09. 2020).
- Nuttall, F. Q, Body mass index: obesity, 2015, BMI, and health: a critical review. Nutrition Today, 50 (3), 117.
- Gage, J.R, Deluca, P.A, Renshaw T.S, Gait analysis: principles and applications with emphasis on its use in cerebral palsy, 1996, Instructional course lectures, 45,491–507.
- Hisham, N. A, Nazri, A. F. A, Madete, J, Herawati, L, Mahmud, J, Measuring ankle angle and analysis of walking gait using kinovea, Internationa Medical Device and Technology Conference, Malaysia, 2017, 427-4-248.
- Nourai, M.H, Fadaei, B, Rizi, A.M, In-toeing and out- toeing gait conservative treatment; hip anteversion and retroversion:10-year follow-up, 2015, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, 20(11), 1084.
- Aragón L. F, Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: Methodology, reliability, validity, and accuracy, 2000, Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 4(4), 215-228.
- Maulder, P, Cronin, J, Horizontal and vertical jump asse- sment: Realiability, symmetry, discriminative and oreditve abilty, 2005, Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2),76.
- Yüksek, S, Eroğlu, H, Kayaklı koşu yıldız milli akımının bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi 2011, Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Derisi, (13),15.
- Lee, J.H, Cynn, H.S, Yoon, T. L, Choi, S. A, Kang, T. W, Differences in the angle of the medial longitudinal arch and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and tibialis anterior during sitting short-foot exercises between subjects with pes planus and subjects with neutral foot, 2016, Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 29(4) 811.
- Ünver, B, Keklik S. S, Yıldırım, T, Bek, N, Pes planusun distal ve proksimal alt ekstremite biyomekanik parametreleri ve bel ağrısı üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi, 2019, Türkiye Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 30(2), 122.
- Fabry, G, Cheng, L. X, Molenaers, G, Normal and abnormal torsional development in children, 1994, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, (302), 22-26.
- Abadie, P, Galaud, B, Michaut, M, Fallet, L, Boisrenoult, P, Beaufils, P, Distal femur rotational alignment and patellar subluxation: a CT scan in vivo assessment, 2009, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 95(4), 267-271.
- Habelt, S, Hasler, C.C, Steinbrück, K, Majewski, M, Sport injuries in adolescents, 2011, Orthopedic reviews, 3(2).
- Bayrak, A, Kurgulu, G. B, Yargıcı M.P, Tuncer İ, The comparison of tibia torsion angles between elite athletes and sedentary people, 2018, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 20(3), 137-139.
- 29. Bej, D.K, Kundu, B. Analysis of aerobic power and swing characteristics in young male race walkers, 2020, American Journal of Sports Science, 8(3), 66.
- 30. Stoutenberg, M, Pluchino, A. P, Ma, F, Hoctor, J. E, Signorile, J. F, The impact of foot position on electromyographical activity of the superficial quadriceps muscles during leg extension, 2005, Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(4), 931-938.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Orthopaedics, Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
