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The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 14 - 21, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941

Abstract

Objective: The study is aimed to study for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for undergraduate health profession students (JSE-HPS).
Methods: Cultural adaptation of JSE-HPS was carried out in 5 stages according to the protocol of Beaton et al.JSE-HPS was administered to students who educated in the departments of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Nursing and Health Management. The reliability of JSE-HPS was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest analysis using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Criterion validity assessed by comparing the scores of JSE-HPS and Emphatic Tendency Scale (ETS). An analysis of construct validity was carried out by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of three factors that explain 44.68% of the total variance and that correspond to the dimensions of the original scale. Following factor structures were obtained as “Perspective taking”, “Compassionate care” and “Standing in patient's shoes”. Turkish version of JSE-HPS total score were significantly correlated with the ETS total score (r=0.187, p=.005). The Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found α = .793. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.86. The confirmatory factor analysis verified a good fit of the model (χ2/df = 1.776).
Conclusion: The Turkish version of JSE-HPS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating empathy levels of undergraduate health professions students.

References

  • Eklund JH, Meranius MS. Toward a consensus on the nature of empathy: A review of reviews. Patient Education and Counseling 2021;104(2):300-307. DOI:10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.022
  • Hojat M, DeSantis J, Shannon SC, Mortensen LH, Speicher MR, Bragan L, LaNoue M, Calabrese LH. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: a nationwide study of measurement properties, underlying components, latent variable structure, and national norms in medical students. Advances in Health Sciences Education 2018;23:899-920. DOI: 10.1007/s10459-018-9839-9
  • Williams B, Brown T, Boyle M, Dousek S. Psychometric testing of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Profession Students' version with Australian paramedic students. Nurs Health Scie. 2013;15(1):45-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00719.x
  • Riess H. The science of empathy. Journal of Patient Experience 2017;4(2):74-77.
  • Kelm Z, Womer J, Walter JK, Feudtner C. Interventions to cultivate physician empathy: A systematic review. BMC Medical Education 2014;14(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1177/2374373517699267
  • Alkan A. The effects of nurses’ empathy skills on attitudes towards patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical And Experimental Investigations 2017;8(2):69-73. DOI: 10.5799/jcei.333383
  • Yanik A, Saygili S. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Jefferson scale of empathy for nursing students. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;34(1):111-119. DOI: 10.5336/medsci.2013-37793
  • Hogan R. Development of an empathy scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1969;33(3):307-316
  • Dökmen Ü. A new measurement model of the empathy and developing empathy by using psychodrama. Journal of Education Faculty of Ankara University 1988;21(1-2):155-190. DOI: 10.1037/h0027580
  • Dökmen U. A new empathy model and the measurement of empathic skill in two different approaches. Psychol J. 1990;7:42-60.
  • Hojat M. Empathy in health professions education and patient care. Philadelphia; Springer; 1st ed.2016. 83-128
  • Díaz VP, Reyes A, Calzadilla A, Torres PA, González E, Bilbao JL, González F, Estrada N, Fortich N, Sepúlveda W, Silva‐Vetri MG. Psychometry and estimation of cutoff points of Jefferson Scale of empathy in dental students. Journal of Dental Education 2021;85(3):322-330. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12444
  • Igde FA, Sahin MK. Changes in empathy during medical education: an example from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2017;33(5):1177-1181. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.335.13074
  • Özturk M, Demirci H. Turkish validation of the Jefferson scale of empathy for nurses seeking kidney donations in intensive care units. Aging Male 2018;20:1-7. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1544238
  • Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186-3191.
  • Bhatnagar R, Kim J, Many J. Candidate surveys on program evaluation: examining instrument reliability, validity and program effectiveness. Am Educ Res J. 2014;2(8):683-690. DOI: 10.12691/education-2-8-18
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S, Aksayan S. Kültürlerarası ölçek uyarlama aşamaları, dil ve kültür uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş rehber [Intercultural scale adaptation stages language and culture adaptation:Updated guideline]. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2018;26(3):199-210. DOI: 10.26650/FNJN397481
  • Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Cohen MJ, Gonnella JS, Erdmann JB, Veloski J, Magee M. The Jefferson scale of physician empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data. Educ Psychol Meas. 2001;61(2):349-365. DOI: 10.1177/00131640121971158
  • Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Eleven years of data on the Jefferson scale of empathy-medical student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(4):344-350. DOI: 10.1159/000381954
  • Paro HB, Daud-Gallotti RM, Tibério IC, Pinto RM, Martins MA. Brazilian version of the Jefferson scale of empathy: Psychometric properties and factor analysis. BMC Med Educ. 2012;12(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-73
  • Kataoka HU, Koide N, Ochi K, Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students: psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education. Acad Med. 2009;84(9):1192-1197. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b180d4
  • Rahimi-Madiseh M, Tavakol M, Dennick R, Nasiri J. Empathy in Iranian medical students: A preliminary psychometric analysis and differences by gender and year of medical school. Med Teach. 2010;32(11):e471-e478. DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.509419
  • Díaz Valentín MJ, Garrido Abejar M, Fuentes Chacón RM, Serrano Parra MD, Larrañaga Rubio ME, Yubero Jiménez S. Validation to the Spanish of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students version and its psychometric properties in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2019;40:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102629
  • Petrucci C, La Cerra C, Aloisio F, Montanari P, Lancia L. Empathy in health professional students: A comparative cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;41:1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.03.022
  • Kim J, Ahn S. Validation study of the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-health professions students for measuring empathy in undergraduate nursing students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2018;24(3):259-268. DOI: 10.5977/jkasne.2018.24.3.259
  • Karimi FZ, Zarifnejad G, Abdolahi M, Ali Taghipour AJJoh. Surveying the factor structure and reliability of the Persian version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy-health care provider student version (JSE-HPS). Journal of Hayat 2015; 21(3): 5-14.
  • Hsiao CY, Tsai YF, Kao YC. Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-health profession students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2013;20(10):866-873. DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12024
  • Montanari P, Petrucci C, Russo S, Murray I, Dimonte V, Lancia L. Psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of empathy-health professional student's version: An Italian validation study with nursing students. Nurs Health Sci. 2015;17(4):483-491. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12221
  • Blanco JM, Caballero F, García FJ, Lorenzo F, Monge D. Validation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in Spanish medical students who participated in an Early Clerkship Immersion programme. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):209-220. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1309-9
Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 14 - 21, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941

Abstract

References

  • Eklund JH, Meranius MS. Toward a consensus on the nature of empathy: A review of reviews. Patient Education and Counseling 2021;104(2):300-307. DOI:10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.022
  • Hojat M, DeSantis J, Shannon SC, Mortensen LH, Speicher MR, Bragan L, LaNoue M, Calabrese LH. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: a nationwide study of measurement properties, underlying components, latent variable structure, and national norms in medical students. Advances in Health Sciences Education 2018;23:899-920. DOI: 10.1007/s10459-018-9839-9
  • Williams B, Brown T, Boyle M, Dousek S. Psychometric testing of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Profession Students' version with Australian paramedic students. Nurs Health Scie. 2013;15(1):45-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00719.x
  • Riess H. The science of empathy. Journal of Patient Experience 2017;4(2):74-77.
  • Kelm Z, Womer J, Walter JK, Feudtner C. Interventions to cultivate physician empathy: A systematic review. BMC Medical Education 2014;14(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1177/2374373517699267
  • Alkan A. The effects of nurses’ empathy skills on attitudes towards patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical And Experimental Investigations 2017;8(2):69-73. DOI: 10.5799/jcei.333383
  • Yanik A, Saygili S. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Jefferson scale of empathy for nursing students. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;34(1):111-119. DOI: 10.5336/medsci.2013-37793
  • Hogan R. Development of an empathy scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1969;33(3):307-316
  • Dökmen Ü. A new measurement model of the empathy and developing empathy by using psychodrama. Journal of Education Faculty of Ankara University 1988;21(1-2):155-190. DOI: 10.1037/h0027580
  • Dökmen U. A new empathy model and the measurement of empathic skill in two different approaches. Psychol J. 1990;7:42-60.
  • Hojat M. Empathy in health professions education and patient care. Philadelphia; Springer; 1st ed.2016. 83-128
  • Díaz VP, Reyes A, Calzadilla A, Torres PA, González E, Bilbao JL, González F, Estrada N, Fortich N, Sepúlveda W, Silva‐Vetri MG. Psychometry and estimation of cutoff points of Jefferson Scale of empathy in dental students. Journal of Dental Education 2021;85(3):322-330. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12444
  • Igde FA, Sahin MK. Changes in empathy during medical education: an example from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2017;33(5):1177-1181. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.335.13074
  • Özturk M, Demirci H. Turkish validation of the Jefferson scale of empathy for nurses seeking kidney donations in intensive care units. Aging Male 2018;20:1-7. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1544238
  • Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186-3191.
  • Bhatnagar R, Kim J, Many J. Candidate surveys on program evaluation: examining instrument reliability, validity and program effectiveness. Am Educ Res J. 2014;2(8):683-690. DOI: 10.12691/education-2-8-18
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S, Aksayan S. Kültürlerarası ölçek uyarlama aşamaları, dil ve kültür uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş rehber [Intercultural scale adaptation stages language and culture adaptation:Updated guideline]. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2018;26(3):199-210. DOI: 10.26650/FNJN397481
  • Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Cohen MJ, Gonnella JS, Erdmann JB, Veloski J, Magee M. The Jefferson scale of physician empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data. Educ Psychol Meas. 2001;61(2):349-365. DOI: 10.1177/00131640121971158
  • Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Eleven years of data on the Jefferson scale of empathy-medical student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(4):344-350. DOI: 10.1159/000381954
  • Paro HB, Daud-Gallotti RM, Tibério IC, Pinto RM, Martins MA. Brazilian version of the Jefferson scale of empathy: Psychometric properties and factor analysis. BMC Med Educ. 2012;12(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-73
  • Kataoka HU, Koide N, Ochi K, Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students: psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education. Acad Med. 2009;84(9):1192-1197. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b180d4
  • Rahimi-Madiseh M, Tavakol M, Dennick R, Nasiri J. Empathy in Iranian medical students: A preliminary psychometric analysis and differences by gender and year of medical school. Med Teach. 2010;32(11):e471-e478. DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.509419
  • Díaz Valentín MJ, Garrido Abejar M, Fuentes Chacón RM, Serrano Parra MD, Larrañaga Rubio ME, Yubero Jiménez S. Validation to the Spanish of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students version and its psychometric properties in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2019;40:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102629
  • Petrucci C, La Cerra C, Aloisio F, Montanari P, Lancia L. Empathy in health professional students: A comparative cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;41:1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.03.022
  • Kim J, Ahn S. Validation study of the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-health professions students for measuring empathy in undergraduate nursing students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2018;24(3):259-268. DOI: 10.5977/jkasne.2018.24.3.259
  • Karimi FZ, Zarifnejad G, Abdolahi M, Ali Taghipour AJJoh. Surveying the factor structure and reliability of the Persian version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy-health care provider student version (JSE-HPS). Journal of Hayat 2015; 21(3): 5-14.
  • Hsiao CY, Tsai YF, Kao YC. Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-health profession students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2013;20(10):866-873. DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12024
  • Montanari P, Petrucci C, Russo S, Murray I, Dimonte V, Lancia L. Psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of empathy-health professional student's version: An Italian validation study with nursing students. Nurs Health Sci. 2015;17(4):483-491. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12221
  • Blanco JM, Caballero F, García FJ, Lorenzo F, Monge D. Validation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in Spanish medical students who participated in an Early Clerkship Immersion programme. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):209-220. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1309-9
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Günay İsmailoğlu 0000-0002-9152-3469

Kadirhan Özdemir 0000-0002-0486-6878

Alper Tuğral 0000-0002-8017-2384

Yeşim Bakar This is me 0000-0002-5603-2891

Early Pub Date March 23, 2024
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date November 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Günay İsmailoğlu, E., Özdemir, K., Tuğral, A., Bakar, Y. (2024). The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 14(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941
AMA Günay İsmailoğlu E, Özdemir K, Tuğral A, Bakar Y. The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. March 2024;14(1):14-21. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941
Chicago Günay İsmailoğlu, Elif, Kadirhan Özdemir, Alper Tuğral, and Yeşim Bakar. “The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 2024): 14-21. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941.
EndNote Günay İsmailoğlu E, Özdemir K, Tuğral A, Bakar Y (March 1, 2024) The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14 1 14–21.
IEEE E. Günay İsmailoğlu, K. Özdemir, A. Tuğral, and Y. Bakar, “The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 14–21, 2024, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941.
ISNAD Günay İsmailoğlu, Elif et al. “The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14/1 (March 2024), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941.
JAMA Günay İsmailoğlu E, Özdemir K, Tuğral A, Bakar Y. The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14:14–21.
MLA Günay İsmailoğlu, Elif et al. “The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 14-21, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1023941.
Vancouver Günay İsmailoğlu E, Özdemir K, Tuğral A, Bakar Y. The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14(1):14-21.

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