Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı şok dalga litotripsi (shock wave lithotripsy, SWL) protokolü sırasında inhalasyon aromaterapisinin ağrı ve anksiyete üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu plasebo kontrollü prospektif çift kör çalışmaya SWL yapılması planlanan 120 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar rastgele kontrol plasebo grubu 1 (n=40), lavanta grubu 2 (n=40) ve günlük yağı grubu 3 (n=40) olarak ayrıldı. Nebülizör (%2'lik bir oranda) işlemden önce SWL odasında hazırlandı ve çalıştırıldı. Veriler görsel analog skala (visual analog scale, VAS) ve durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri (state-trait anxiety inventory, STAI-I) kullanılarak toplandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 120 hastanın 67'si (%55,8) erkek, 53'ü (%44,2) kadındı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 37,38±11,35 yıl idi. Ortalama taş boyutu 11,07±3,09 mm idi. İşlem sonrası hastaların VAS skorları bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu (p=0,557). Grup 1 ve grup 2'de işlem öncesine göre karşılaştırıldığında işlem sonrası STAI-I skorlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik yokken, grup 3'te istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş saptandı (p=0,030). STAI-I skoru değişen hastaların yüzdeleri karşılaştırıldığında, STAI-I azalma oranının grup 2 ve grup 3'te grup 1'e göre karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek oranda olduğu gözlendi (p=0,018).
Sonuç: Günlük yağı kaygıyı lavantadan daha önemli ölçüde azalttı. Her ikisinin de ağrı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadı. Anksiyeteyi azaltmak ve tedaviye uyumu artırmak için SWL sürecinde inhaler aromaterapi kullanılabilir.
Keywords
References
- Mishriki SF, Wills MI, Mukherjee A, Feneley RC, Gingell JC. Ureteric stone management using a second generation lithotriptor. Br J Urol. 1992;69(3):253-6.
- Philp T, Kellett MJ, Whitfield HN, Wickham JE. Painless lithotripsy: experience with 100 patients. Lancet. 1988;1(8575-6):41-3.
- Salinas AS, Lorenzo-Romero J, Segura M, Calero MR, Hernández-Millán I, Martínez-Martín M, et al. Factors determining analgesic and sedative drug requirements during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urol Int. 1999;63(2):92-101.
- Brown SM. Peri-operative anxiety in patients undergoing extracorporeal piezolithotripsy. J Adv Nurs. 1990;15(9):1078-82.
- Lindquist R, Tracy MF, Snyder M. Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 2018.
- Başaran A. Natural aromatherapy: herbs & essences. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2009;29(Suppl 1):86-94.
- Shahnazi M, Nikjoo R, Yavarikia P, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S. Inhaled lavender effect on anxiety and pain caused from intrauterine device insertion. J Caring Sci. 2012;1(4):255-61.
- Itai T, Amayasu H, Kuribayashi M, Kawamura N, Okada M, Momose A, et al. Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54(4):393-7.
- Kim MJ, Nam ES, Paik SI. The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005;35(1):186-94.
- Kritsidima M, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K. The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomized-controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(1):83-7.
- Walsh E, Wilson C. Complementary therapies in long-stay neurology in-patient settings. Nurs Stand. 1999;13(32):32-5.
- Asad M, Alhomoud M. Proulcerogenic effect of water extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin in rats. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(2):225-30.
- McLeish AC, Kraemer KM, O'Bryan EM. Discomfort intolerance in relation to asthma outcomes. Cognit Ther Res. 2019;43(1):24-31.
- Jones KR, Vojir CP, Hutt E, Fink R. Determining mild, moderate, and severe pain equivalency across pain-intensity tools in nursing home residents. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(2):305-14.
- Spielberger CD. State-trait anxiety inventory. In: Weiner IB, Craighead WE, editors. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley; 2010.
- Ochroch EA, Gottschalk A. Impact of acute pain and its management for thoracic surgical patients. Thorac Surg Clin. 2005;15(1):105-21.
- Gorkem U, Togrul C, Sahiner Y, Yazla E, Gungor T. Preoperative anxiety may increase postcesarean delivery pain and analgesic consumption. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(9):974-80.
- Ayan M, Tas U, Sogut E, Suren M, Gurbuzler L, Koyuncu F. Investigating the effect of aromatherapy in patients with renal colic. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(4):329-33.
- Bovelander E, Weltings S, Rad M, van Kampen P, Pelger RCM, Roshani H. The influence of pain on the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Curr Urol. 2019;12(2):81-7.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ. 2008;337:a2813.
- Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med. 2006;72(12):1100-16.
- Abbasijahromi A, Hojati H, Nikooei S, Jahromi HK, Dowlatkhah HR, Zarean V, et al. Compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2020;17(3).
- Irmak Sapmaz H, Uysal M, Taş U, Esen M, Barut M, Somuk BT, et al. The effect of lavender oil in patients with renal colic: a prospective controlled study using objective and subjective outcome measurements. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(10):617-22.
- Olapour A, Behaeen K, Akhondzadeh R, Soltani F, Al Sadat Razavi F, Bekhradi R. The effect of inhalation of aromatherapy blend containing lavender essential oil on cesarean postoperative pain. Anesth Pain Med. 2013;3(1):203-7.
- Bagheri-Nesami M, Espahbodi F, Nikkhah A, Shorofi SA, Charati JY. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on pain following needle insertion into a fistula in hemodialysis patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(1):1-4.
- Kim JT, Wajda M, Cuff G, Serota D, Schlame M, Axelrod DM, et al. Evaluation of aromatherapy in treating postoperative pain: pilot study. Pain Pract. 2006;6(4):273-7.
The Effect of Inhaler Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety in Patients undergoing Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhaler aromatherapy on pain and anxiety during the shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) protocol.
Material and Methods: This placebo-controlled prospective double-blind study included 120 patients who were scheduled to undergo SWL. Patients were randomly assigned a control placebo group 1 (n=40), the lavender group 2 (n=40), and the frankincense group 3 (n=40). The nebulizer (a rate of 2%) was prepared and operated on in the SWL room before the procedure. Data were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-I).
Results: Of the 120 patients included in the study, 67 (55.8%) were male and 53 (44.2%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 37.38±11.35 years. The mean stone size was 11.07±3.09 mm. There were no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS scores of the patients after the procedure (p=0.557). While there was no statistically significant change in the STAI-I score in group 1 and group 2 after the procedure compared to the pre-procedure, a statistically significant decrease was detected in group 3 (p=0.030). The percentages of patients with changing STAI-I scores were compared, it was observed that the decrease in STAI-I score in group 2 and group 3 at a higher rate compared to group 1 (p=0.018).
Conclusion: Frankincense reduced anxiety more significantly than lavender. Both had no significant effect on pain. Inhaler aromatherapy can be used in the SWL process to reduce anxiety and improve treatment compliance.
Keywords
References
- Mishriki SF, Wills MI, Mukherjee A, Feneley RC, Gingell JC. Ureteric stone management using a second generation lithotriptor. Br J Urol. 1992;69(3):253-6.
- Philp T, Kellett MJ, Whitfield HN, Wickham JE. Painless lithotripsy: experience with 100 patients. Lancet. 1988;1(8575-6):41-3.
- Salinas AS, Lorenzo-Romero J, Segura M, Calero MR, Hernández-Millán I, Martínez-Martín M, et al. Factors determining analgesic and sedative drug requirements during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urol Int. 1999;63(2):92-101.
- Brown SM. Peri-operative anxiety in patients undergoing extracorporeal piezolithotripsy. J Adv Nurs. 1990;15(9):1078-82.
- Lindquist R, Tracy MF, Snyder M. Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 2018.
- Başaran A. Natural aromatherapy: herbs & essences. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2009;29(Suppl 1):86-94.
- Shahnazi M, Nikjoo R, Yavarikia P, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S. Inhaled lavender effect on anxiety and pain caused from intrauterine device insertion. J Caring Sci. 2012;1(4):255-61.
- Itai T, Amayasu H, Kuribayashi M, Kawamura N, Okada M, Momose A, et al. Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54(4):393-7.
- Kim MJ, Nam ES, Paik SI. The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005;35(1):186-94.
- Kritsidima M, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K. The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomized-controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(1):83-7.
- Walsh E, Wilson C. Complementary therapies in long-stay neurology in-patient settings. Nurs Stand. 1999;13(32):32-5.
- Asad M, Alhomoud M. Proulcerogenic effect of water extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin in rats. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(2):225-30.
- McLeish AC, Kraemer KM, O'Bryan EM. Discomfort intolerance in relation to asthma outcomes. Cognit Ther Res. 2019;43(1):24-31.
- Jones KR, Vojir CP, Hutt E, Fink R. Determining mild, moderate, and severe pain equivalency across pain-intensity tools in nursing home residents. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(2):305-14.
- Spielberger CD. State-trait anxiety inventory. In: Weiner IB, Craighead WE, editors. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley; 2010.
- Ochroch EA, Gottschalk A. Impact of acute pain and its management for thoracic surgical patients. Thorac Surg Clin. 2005;15(1):105-21.
- Gorkem U, Togrul C, Sahiner Y, Yazla E, Gungor T. Preoperative anxiety may increase postcesarean delivery pain and analgesic consumption. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(9):974-80.
- Ayan M, Tas U, Sogut E, Suren M, Gurbuzler L, Koyuncu F. Investigating the effect of aromatherapy in patients with renal colic. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(4):329-33.
- Bovelander E, Weltings S, Rad M, van Kampen P, Pelger RCM, Roshani H. The influence of pain on the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Curr Urol. 2019;12(2):81-7.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ. 2008;337:a2813.
- Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med. 2006;72(12):1100-16.
- Abbasijahromi A, Hojati H, Nikooei S, Jahromi HK, Dowlatkhah HR, Zarean V, et al. Compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2020;17(3).
- Irmak Sapmaz H, Uysal M, Taş U, Esen M, Barut M, Somuk BT, et al. The effect of lavender oil in patients with renal colic: a prospective controlled study using objective and subjective outcome measurements. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(10):617-22.
- Olapour A, Behaeen K, Akhondzadeh R, Soltani F, Al Sadat Razavi F, Bekhradi R. The effect of inhalation of aromatherapy blend containing lavender essential oil on cesarean postoperative pain. Anesth Pain Med. 2013;3(1):203-7.
- Bagheri-Nesami M, Espahbodi F, Nikkhah A, Shorofi SA, Charati JY. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on pain following needle insertion into a fistula in hemodialysis patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(1):1-4.
- Kim JT, Wajda M, Cuff G, Serota D, Schlame M, Axelrod DM, et al. Evaluation of aromatherapy in treating postoperative pain: pilot study. Pain Pract. 2006;6(4):273-7.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | October 29, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 3 |
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