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Theoretical Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide Emissions Calculations to the Atmosphere in Niğde, Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 209 - 220, 30.12.2021

Abstract

One of the reasons for the formation of emissions in the world and Turkey is the livestock sector. Methane and nitrogen oxide are the two major greenhouse released into the atmosphere due to fertilizer management. If there is no good fertilizer management planning, animal fertilizer formed in animal husbandry enterprises poses a big problem for the environment and human health. Collection of fertilizer from shelters, method of collection, where to store fertilizer, and how to evaluate are among the most important problems. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry in Niğde, Turkey were examined between 2016-2020. Different animal species were used in the study and the Tier-1 method defined by the IPCC was used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the potential for Global Warming that may occur from greenhouse gas emissions has been determined. As a result of calculations, N2O (Nitrous oxide) emission was determined to be 1.1x103 tons/year and CH4 (methane) emission to be 134x103 tons/year. The global warming potential created by these two emissions is 3152x103 tons of CO2.

References

  • J. Song, W. Yang, Z. Li, Y. Higano, X. Wang, “Discovering the energy, economic and environmental potentials of urban wastes: an input–output model for a metropolis case”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 114, pp. 168-179, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.014.
  • B. Wang, J. Song, J. Ren, K. Li, H. Duan, X. Wang, “Selecting sustainable energy conversion technologies for agricultural residues: a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR based prioritization from life cycle perspective, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, vol. 142, pp. 78-87, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.011
  • A. J. Schlegel, Y. Assefa, H. D. Bond, L. A. Haag, L. R. Stone, “Changes in soil nutrients after 10 years of cattle manure and swine effluent application”, Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 172, pp. 48-58, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.05.004
  • J. Xing, J. Song, J. Ren, W. Yang, H. Duan, “Regional integrative benefits of converting livestock excrements to energy in China: An elaborative assessment from life cycle perspective”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 275, pp. 1-14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122470.
  • C. Alan Rotz, “Modeling greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms”, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 6675-6690, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13272
  • Y. Hou, G. L. Velthof, J. P. Lesschen, I. G. Staritsky, O. Oenema, “Nutrient Recovery and Emissions of 476 Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane from Animal Manure in Europe: Effects of Manure Treatment Technologies”, Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 375–383, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04524.
  • K. Kumaş, A. Akyüz, “Analysis of pollution load originating from cattle, small ruminant and poultry: A comparative case study for Isparta, Turkey”, International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 50-53, 2020, https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.764217
  • Z. B. Peypazar, İ. Kılıç, “Evaluation of Waste Management Systems in Dairy Cattle Farms in Terms of Environmental Pollution: Kütahya Case Study”, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 15-28, 2021, https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.811129
  • M. Çayır, A. Atılgan, H. Öz, “Examinations of Manure Condition from Cattle Barns Related to Water Resources”, University of Suleyman Demirel Journal of Agricultural Faculty, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2012, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sduzfd/issue/29595/317524.
  • B. Yaylı, İ. Kılıç, “Estimation of Global Warming Potential by Tier-1 Method of Dairy Cattle Farms,” International Journal of Biosystems Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79-86, 2020, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biyosistemmuhendisligi/issue/59304/837987.
  • G. Kara, İ. Yalınız, M. Sayar, “The Status of GHGS Emissions from Livestock Manure in Konya/Turkey”, Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 57-60, 2019, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ucbad/issue/47445/599015.
  • G. Şahin, A. Onurbaş Avcıoğlu, “Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Footprint in Agricultural Production,” Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 157-162, 2016, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tarmak/issue/35278/391475
  • C. J. L. du Toit, W. A. van Niekerk, H. H. Meissner, “Direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions of monogastric livestock in South Africa”, South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 362-375, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v43i3.9
  • M. E. Moeletsi, M. I. Tongwane, “2004 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure Management in South Africa”, Animals (Basel), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 193–205, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020193.
  • C. Paik, Y. Chung, H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, “Comparison of emission estimates for non-CO2 greenhouse gases from livestock and poultry in Korea from 1990 to 2010,” Animal Science Journal, vol. 87, pp. 612-623, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12456.
  • E. Ersoy, A. Uğurlu, “The potential of Turkey's province-based livestock sector to mitigate GHG emissions through biogas production,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 255, pp. 1-9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109858.
  • A. Ceyhan, E. Akyol, A. Unalan, S. Cinar, W. Ali, “Estimation of the Carbon Footprint in Dairy Sheep Farm,” Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 639-645, 2020.
  • A. Nasiru, M. S. Suleiman, A. A. Idris, A. Jinjiri, M. U. Aminu, Z. S. Gilima, M. J. Jibrin, “Nitrous oxide emission from livestock production,” Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, vol. 48, no. 4, 165-175, 2021, https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.3007.
  • Sarah, H. L. Susilawati, A. Pramono, “Quantifying the potency of greenhouse gas emission from manure management through anaerobic digester in Central Java,” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 648, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012111
  • M. I. Tongwane and M. E. Moeletsi, “Provincial cattle carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management in South Africa,” Environmental Research, vol. 195, pp. 1-13, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110833
  • TÜİK, Hayvansal istatistikleri. (2021). Accessed: 18. 07. 2021. [Online]. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr.
  • IPCC, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Emissions From Livestock And Manure Management. (2006). Accessed: 19. 06. 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf.
  • MGM. Türkiye’deki İllerin Sıcaklık Ortalamaları. (2021). Accessed: 18. 07. 2019. [Online]. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx

Niğde, Türkiye’de Atmosfere Salınan Nitröz Oksit, Metan, Karbondioksitin Teorik Hesaplamaları

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 209 - 220, 30.12.2021

Abstract

Dünyada ve Türkiye'de emisyon oluşumunun nedenlerinden birisi de hayvancılık sektörüdür. Metan ve azot oksit, gübre yönetimi nedeniyle atmosfere salınan başlıca iki sera gazıdır. İyi bir gübre yönetim planlaması yoksa hayvancılık işletmelerinde oluşan hayvan gübresi çevre ve insan sağlığı için büyük bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Gübrenin barınaklardan toplanması, toplanma yöntemi, gübrenin nerede depolanacağı ve nasıl değerlendirileceği en önemli sorunlar arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, 2016-2020 yılları arasında Niğde ili hayvancılıktan kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada farklı hayvan türleri kullanılmış ve sera gazı emisyonlarının hesaplanmasında IPCC tarafından tanımlanan Tier-1 metodundan yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca sera gazı emisyonlarından oluşabilecek küresel ısınma potansiyeli belirlenmiştir. Hesaplamalar sonucunda N2O emisyon 1.1x103 ton/yıl, CH4 emisyonu 134x103 ton/yıl olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu iki emisyonun oluşturduğu küresel ısınma potansiyeli CO2 ise 3152x103 tondur.

References

  • J. Song, W. Yang, Z. Li, Y. Higano, X. Wang, “Discovering the energy, economic and environmental potentials of urban wastes: an input–output model for a metropolis case”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 114, pp. 168-179, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.014.
  • B. Wang, J. Song, J. Ren, K. Li, H. Duan, X. Wang, “Selecting sustainable energy conversion technologies for agricultural residues: a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR based prioritization from life cycle perspective, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, vol. 142, pp. 78-87, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.011
  • A. J. Schlegel, Y. Assefa, H. D. Bond, L. A. Haag, L. R. Stone, “Changes in soil nutrients after 10 years of cattle manure and swine effluent application”, Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 172, pp. 48-58, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.05.004
  • J. Xing, J. Song, J. Ren, W. Yang, H. Duan, “Regional integrative benefits of converting livestock excrements to energy in China: An elaborative assessment from life cycle perspective”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 275, pp. 1-14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122470.
  • C. Alan Rotz, “Modeling greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms”, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 6675-6690, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13272
  • Y. Hou, G. L. Velthof, J. P. Lesschen, I. G. Staritsky, O. Oenema, “Nutrient Recovery and Emissions of 476 Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane from Animal Manure in Europe: Effects of Manure Treatment Technologies”, Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 375–383, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04524.
  • K. Kumaş, A. Akyüz, “Analysis of pollution load originating from cattle, small ruminant and poultry: A comparative case study for Isparta, Turkey”, International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 50-53, 2020, https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.764217
  • Z. B. Peypazar, İ. Kılıç, “Evaluation of Waste Management Systems in Dairy Cattle Farms in Terms of Environmental Pollution: Kütahya Case Study”, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 15-28, 2021, https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.811129
  • M. Çayır, A. Atılgan, H. Öz, “Examinations of Manure Condition from Cattle Barns Related to Water Resources”, University of Suleyman Demirel Journal of Agricultural Faculty, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2012, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sduzfd/issue/29595/317524.
  • B. Yaylı, İ. Kılıç, “Estimation of Global Warming Potential by Tier-1 Method of Dairy Cattle Farms,” International Journal of Biosystems Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79-86, 2020, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biyosistemmuhendisligi/issue/59304/837987.
  • G. Kara, İ. Yalınız, M. Sayar, “The Status of GHGS Emissions from Livestock Manure in Konya/Turkey”, Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 57-60, 2019, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ucbad/issue/47445/599015.
  • G. Şahin, A. Onurbaş Avcıoğlu, “Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Footprint in Agricultural Production,” Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 157-162, 2016, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tarmak/issue/35278/391475
  • C. J. L. du Toit, W. A. van Niekerk, H. H. Meissner, “Direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions of monogastric livestock in South Africa”, South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 362-375, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v43i3.9
  • M. E. Moeletsi, M. I. Tongwane, “2004 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure Management in South Africa”, Animals (Basel), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 193–205, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020193.
  • C. Paik, Y. Chung, H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, “Comparison of emission estimates for non-CO2 greenhouse gases from livestock and poultry in Korea from 1990 to 2010,” Animal Science Journal, vol. 87, pp. 612-623, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12456.
  • E. Ersoy, A. Uğurlu, “The potential of Turkey's province-based livestock sector to mitigate GHG emissions through biogas production,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 255, pp. 1-9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109858.
  • A. Ceyhan, E. Akyol, A. Unalan, S. Cinar, W. Ali, “Estimation of the Carbon Footprint in Dairy Sheep Farm,” Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 639-645, 2020.
  • A. Nasiru, M. S. Suleiman, A. A. Idris, A. Jinjiri, M. U. Aminu, Z. S. Gilima, M. J. Jibrin, “Nitrous oxide emission from livestock production,” Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, vol. 48, no. 4, 165-175, 2021, https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.3007.
  • Sarah, H. L. Susilawati, A. Pramono, “Quantifying the potency of greenhouse gas emission from manure management through anaerobic digester in Central Java,” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 648, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012111
  • M. I. Tongwane and M. E. Moeletsi, “Provincial cattle carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management in South Africa,” Environmental Research, vol. 195, pp. 1-13, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110833
  • TÜİK, Hayvansal istatistikleri. (2021). Accessed: 18. 07. 2021. [Online]. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr.
  • IPCC, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Emissions From Livestock And Manure Management. (2006). Accessed: 19. 06. 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf.
  • MGM. Türkiye’deki İllerin Sıcaklık Ortalamaları. (2021). Accessed: 18. 07. 2019. [Online]. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kazım Kumaş 0000-0002-2348-4664

Ali Özhan Akyüz 0000-0001-9265-7293

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date September 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE K. Kumaş and A. Ö. Akyüz, “Theoretical Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide Emissions Calculations to the Atmosphere in Niğde, Turkey”, DUFED, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 209–220, 2021.


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