Retraction Note
In the application made by the corresponding author to the Editorial Board, it was stated that this article, which was included in the October 2023 Special Issue, was requested to be retracted with the joint decision taken by the authors, considering that the publication of this article in its current form may pose a risk and suspicion in future publication applications to be made on the basis of this publication. As a result of the evaluations of the editorial board regarding the request, it was decided to approve retraction.
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Identifying new molecular targets are important in the pathogenesis of SCLC in order to develop new treatment strategies. RAB27A is the critical protein for intracellular exosome trafficking and is a driver of tumour progression. However, demonstrating the potential impact of suppressing RAB27A in SCLC as therapeutic approach is an important deficiency. RAB27A gene knockout SCLC cell lines were generated using a CRISPR/cas9 system. qRT-PCR, Western blotting and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm RAB27A knockout in SCLC cells. TEM and EXOCET assays were used to detect the alteration of exosomes. Proliferation and colony formation were detected by MTT and microscopy. Subsequently, we intrapulmonally injected N417 and H524 SCLC cells(control and RAB27A knockout for each cell) into SCID mice. The effects of RAB27A knockout on mouse tumor model were analysed using 18F-FDG PET/CT scans.Knocking out RAB27A significantly decreased the expression of CD9, CD63, Tsg101, exosome secretion and exosomal protein in SCLC(p<0.0001). We found that RAB27A knockout dramatically reduced proliferation and colony formation in SCLC cells(p< 0.001, p<0.0001). Furthermore, RAB27A knockout decreased proliferation and especially metastasis in mouse model (p<0,0001). These studies clearly demonstrated that RAB27A plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SCLC, and targeting the RAB27A gene in SCLC cell lines significantly reduces the activity of the exosomal pathway. RAB27A, therefore, can be a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
Keywords
Project Number
220S104
References
- Rudin, C. M., Brambilla, E., Faivre-Finn, C., & Sage, J. (2021). Small-cell lung cancer. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 7(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-00235-0
- Ostrowski, M., Carmo, N. B., Krumeich, S., Fanget, I., Raposo, G., Savina, A., Moita, C. F., Schauer, K., Hume, A. N., Freitas, R. P., Goud, B., Benaroch, P., Hacohen, N., Fukuda, M., Desnos, C., Seabra, M. C., Darchen, F., Amigorena, S., Moita, L. F., & Thery, C. (2010). Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway. Nature cell biology, 12(1), 19–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2000
- Guo, D., Lui, G. Y. L., Lai, S. L., Wilmott, J. S., Tikoo, S., Jackett, L. A., Quek, C., Brown, D. L., Sharp, D. M., Kwan, R. Y. Q., Chacon, D., Wong, J. H., Beck, D., van Geldermalsen, M., Holst, J., Thompson, J. F., Mann, G. J., Scolyer, R. A., Stow, J. L., Weninger, W., … Beaumont, K. A. (2019). RAB27A promotes melanoma cell invasion and metastasis via regulation of pro-invasive exosomes. International journal of cancer, 144(12), 3070–3085. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32064
- Li, Q., Zhao, H., Dong, W., Guan, N., Hu, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Li, Q., Yang, J., & Xiao, W. (2022). RAB27A promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Scientific reports, 12(1), 19359. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23696-7
- van Solinge, T. S., Abels, E. R., van de Haar, L. L., Hanlon, K. S., Maas, S. L. N., Schnoor, R., de Vrij, J., Breakefield, X. O., & Broekman, M. L. D. (2020). Versatile Role of Rab27a in Glioma: Effects on Release of Extracellular Vesicles, Cell Viability, and Tumor Progression. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 7, 554649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.554649
- Tang, L., Wei, D., & Yan, F. (2016). MicroRNA-145 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting matrix metalloproteinase 11 and Rab GTPase family 27a in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer gene therapy, 23(8), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2016.27
- Tokgun, O., Tokgun, P. E., Inci, K., & Akca, H. (2020). lncRNAs as Potential Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer: MYC -dependent Regulation. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 20(17), 2074–2081. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666200721130700
Retraction: Küçük Hücreli Akciğer Kanseri’nde RAB27A’nın CRISPR/Cas9 Sistemi Aracılığıyla Susturulmasının Biyolojik Etkileri
Retraction Note
Sorumlu yazar tarafından Dergi Editörlüğüne yapılan başvuruda 2023 Ekim Özel Sayı kapsamında yer alan bu makalenin mevcut şekilde yayımlanmasının ileri tarihlerde bu yayın temelinde yapılacak yayın başvurularında risk ve şüphe oluşturabileceği düşüncesiyle yazarlar tarafından alınan ortak kararla geri çekilmek istendiği iletilmiştir. Talebe ilişkin olarak editör kurulunun değerlendirmeleri neticesinde makalenin geri çekilmesine karar verilmiştir.
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Identifying new molecular targets are important in the pathogenesis of SCLC in order to develop new treatment strategies. RAB27A is the critical protein for intracellular exosome trafficking and is a driver of tumour progression. However, demonstrating the potential impact of suppressing RAB27A in SCLC as therapeutic approach is an important deficiency. RAB27A gene knockout SCLC cell lines were generated using a CRISPR/cas9 system. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm RAB27A knockout in SCLC cells. TEM and EXOCET assays were used to detect the alteration of exosomes. Proliferation and colony formation were detected by MTT and microscopy. Subsequently, we intrapulmonally injected N417 and H524 SCLC cells(control and RAB27A knockout for each cell) into SCID mice. The effects of RAB27A knockout on mouse tumor model were analysed using 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Knocking out RAB27A significantly decreased the expression of CD9, CD63, Tsg101, exosome secretion and exosomal protein in SCLC(p<0.0001). We found that RAB27A knockout dramatically reduced proliferation and colony formation in SCLC cells(p< 0.001, p<0.0001). Furthermore, RAB27A knockout decreased proliferation and especially metastasis in mouse model (p<0,0001). These studies clearly demonstrated that RAB27A plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SCLC, and targeting the RAB27A gene in SCLC cell lines significantly reduces the activity of the exosomal pathway. RAB27A, therefore, can be a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
This study was supported by the TUBITAK under the project number 220S104.
Project Number
220S104
References
- Rudin, C. M., Brambilla, E., Faivre-Finn, C., & Sage, J. (2021). Small-cell lung cancer. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 7(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-00235-0
- Ostrowski, M., Carmo, N. B., Krumeich, S., Fanget, I., Raposo, G., Savina, A., Moita, C. F., Schauer, K., Hume, A. N., Freitas, R. P., Goud, B., Benaroch, P., Hacohen, N., Fukuda, M., Desnos, C., Seabra, M. C., Darchen, F., Amigorena, S., Moita, L. F., & Thery, C. (2010). Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway. Nature cell biology, 12(1), 19–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2000
- Guo, D., Lui, G. Y. L., Lai, S. L., Wilmott, J. S., Tikoo, S., Jackett, L. A., Quek, C., Brown, D. L., Sharp, D. M., Kwan, R. Y. Q., Chacon, D., Wong, J. H., Beck, D., van Geldermalsen, M., Holst, J., Thompson, J. F., Mann, G. J., Scolyer, R. A., Stow, J. L., Weninger, W., … Beaumont, K. A. (2019). RAB27A promotes melanoma cell invasion and metastasis via regulation of pro-invasive exosomes. International journal of cancer, 144(12), 3070–3085. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32064
- Li, Q., Zhao, H., Dong, W., Guan, N., Hu, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Li, Q., Yang, J., & Xiao, W. (2022). RAB27A promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Scientific reports, 12(1), 19359. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23696-7
- van Solinge, T. S., Abels, E. R., van de Haar, L. L., Hanlon, K. S., Maas, S. L. N., Schnoor, R., de Vrij, J., Breakefield, X. O., & Broekman, M. L. D. (2020). Versatile Role of Rab27a in Glioma: Effects on Release of Extracellular Vesicles, Cell Viability, and Tumor Progression. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 7, 554649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.554649
- Tang, L., Wei, D., & Yan, F. (2016). MicroRNA-145 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting matrix metalloproteinase 11 and Rab GTPase family 27a in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer gene therapy, 23(8), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2016.27
- Tokgun, O., Tokgun, P. E., Inci, K., & Akca, H. (2020). lncRNAs as Potential Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer: MYC -dependent Regulation. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 20(17), 2074–2081. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666200721130700
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Cancer Cell Biology |
| Journal Section | Retracted Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 220S104 |
| Publication Date | November 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 3 |
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