Review
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Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 37 - 43, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1295682

Abstract

References

  • Vogel SA. The Politics of Plastics: The Economic, Political and Scientific History of Bisphenol A. 2008.
  • Jimmy Chow by T, Professor Larry Erickson ME. Environmental Assessment for Bısphenol-A and Polycarbonate. 2007.
  • Edward Charles Dodds (1899-1973) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/edward-charles-dodds-1899-1973. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Krishnan A V., Stathis P, Permuth SF, Tokes L, Feldman D. Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology. 1993;132(6):2279-2286. doi:10.1210/ENDO.132.6.8504731
  • Artham T, Doble M. Biodegradation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Polycarbonates. Macromol Biosci. 2008;8(1):14-24. doi:10.1002/MABI.200700106
  • Jin FL, Li X, Park SJ. Synthesis and application of epoxy resins: A review. J Ind Eng Chem. 2015;29:1-11. doi:10.1016/J.JIEC.2015.03.026
  • Vandenberg LN, Chahoud I, Heindel JJ, Padmanabhan V, Paumgartten FJR, Schoenfelder G. Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(8):1055-1070. doi:10.1289/EHP.0901716
  • Bisphenol-A (BPA) Market Size, Share & Growth [2031] |. https://straitsresearch.com/report/bisphenol-a-market. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Fleisch AF, Sheffield PE, Chinn C, Edelstein BL, Landrigan PJ. Bisphenol A and Related Compounds in Dental Materials. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):760. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2009-2693
  • Thayer KA, Doerge DR, Hunt D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in humans following a single oral administration. Environ Int. 2015;83:107-115. doi:10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.06.008
  • Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Alherz FA, et al. Impact of SULT1A3 / SULT1A4 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of phenylephrine and salbutamol by human SULT1A3 allozymes. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2019;29(5):99-105. doi:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000371
  • Bruks S. Metabolism and estrogenicity of bisphenol A and its analogues A comparative analysis of experimental and computational data on metabolism of bisphenols.
  • Nahar MS, Liao C, Kannan K, Harris C, Dolinoy DC. In utero bisphenol A concentration, metabolism, and global DNA methylation across matched placenta, kidney, and liver in the human fetus. Chemosphere. 2015;124(1):54-60. doi:10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2014.10.071
  • Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation - ECHA. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Ma Y, Liu H, Wu J, et al. The adverse health effects of bisphenol A and related toxicity mechanisms. Environ Res. 2019;176:108575. doi:10.1016/J.ENVRES.2019.108575
  • Vahedi M, Saeedi A, Poorbaghi SL, Sepehrimanesh M, Fattahi M. Metabolic and endocrine effects of bisphenol A exposure in market seller women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7573-5
  • Cantonwine D, Meeker JD, Hu H, et al. Bisphenol a exposure in Mexico City and risk of prematurity: A pilot nested case control study. Environ Heal A Glob Access Sci Source. 2010;9(1):1-7. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-62/FIGURES/1
  • Ji H, Miao M, Liang H, et al. Exposure of environmental Bisphenol A in relation to routine sperm parameters and sperm movement characteristics among fertile men. Sci Reports 2018 81. 2018;8(1):1-9. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35787-5
  • Feng MJ, Wu XQ, Li J, et al. [Relationship between daily exposure to bisphenol A and male sexual function-a study from the reproductive center]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2018;39(6):836-840. doi:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-6450.2018.06.027
  • Santoro A, Chianese R, Troisi J, et al. Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(12):1109. doi:10.2174/1570159X17666190726112101
  • Leonardi A, Cofini M, Rigante D, et al. The Effect of Bisphenol A on Puberty: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9). doi:10.3390/IJERPH14091044
  • Badding MA, Barraj L, Williams AL, Scrafford C, Reiss R. CLARITY-BPA Core Study: Analysis for non-monotonic dose-responses and biological relevance. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;131. doi:10.1016/J.FCT.2019.06.001
  • Sun X, Li D, Liang H, et al. Maternal exposure to bisphenol A and anogenital distance throughout infancy: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):269-275. doi:10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.08.055
  • Barrett ES, Sathyanarayana S, Mbowe O, et al. First-Trimester Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration in Relation to Anogenital Distance, an Androgen-Sensitive Measure of Reproductive Development, in Infant Girls. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(7). doi:10.1289/EHP875
  • Hwang S, Lim JE, Choi Y, Jee SH. Bisphenol A exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/S12902-018-0310-Y
  • Alonso-Magdalena P, Vieira E, Soriano S, et al. Bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy disrupts glucose homeostasis in mothers and adult male offspring. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(9):1243-1250. doi:10.1289/EHP.1001993
  • Shankar A, Teppala S. Urinary bisphenol A and hypertension in a multiethnic sample of US adults. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012. doi:10.1155/2012/481641
  • Linillos-Pradillo B, Rancan L, Paredes SD, et al. Low Dose of BPA Induces Liver Injury through Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Long–Evans Lactating Rats and Its Perinatal Effect on Female PND6 Offspring. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(5). doi:10.3390/IJMS24054585
  • Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Damaging Effects of Bisphenol A on the Kidney and the Protection by Melatonin: Emerging Evidences from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018. doi:10.1155/2018/3082438
  • Seachrist DD, Bonk KW, Ho SM, Prins GS, Soto AM, Keri RA. A Review of the Carcinogenic Potential of Bisphenol A. Reprod Toxicol. 2016;59:167. doi:10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2015.09.006
  • Bergman Å, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Thomas Zoeller R. State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012 Summary for Decision-Makers Inter-Organization Programme for The Sound Management of Chemicals.
  • Gao X, Ma J, Chen Y, Wang HS. Rapid Responses and Mechanism of Action for Low-Dose Bisphenol S on ex Vivo Rat Hearts and Isolated Myocytes: Evidence of Female-Specific Proarrhythmic Effects. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(6):571. doi:10.1289/EHP.1408679
  • Eprs. At a glance New rules on bisphenol A in food contact materials. 2018. http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/6857. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Bisphenol A (BPA): Use in Food Contact Application | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/bisphenol-bpa-use-food-contact-application. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Bisphenol A: EFSA draft opinion proposes lowering the tolerable daily intake | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/bisphenol-efsa-draft-opinion-proposes-lowering-tolerable-daily-intake. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • What potential health effects of BPA has EFSA identified? EFSA’s risk assessment in more detail How did EFSA’s experts calculate the new TDI? doi:10.2805/075460
  • Bisphenol A | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/bisphenol. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Permissible Exposure Limits - Annotated Tables | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • BISPHENOL A| Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/841. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. Manufacturing Companies | Blogs | CDC. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2017/01/05/bpa/. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Christensen F. Background for national legislation on bisphenol A (BPA) in EU and EFTA countries Title: Background for national legislation on bisphenol A (BPA) in EU and EFTA countries. www.mst.dk/english. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Rochester JR, Bolden AL. Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(7):643. doi:10.1289/EHP.1408989
  • The use of bisphenol A and its alternatives in thermal paper in the EU during 2014-2022. 2020. doi:10.2823/592282
  • Kim MJ, Park YJ. Bisphenols and Thyroid Hormone. Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(4):340. doi:10.3803/ENM.2019.34.4.340
  • Is bisphenol S a safer alternative to bisphenol A in terms of potential fetal exposure ? Placental transfer across the perfused human placenta. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.065ï
  • Kaptaner B, Yılmaz C, Aykut H, et al. Bisphenol S leads to cytotoxicity-induced antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(12):7657-7666. doi:10.1007/S11033-021-06771-6/FIGURES/3
  • Castellini C, Di Giammarco N, D’Andrea S, et al. Effects of bisphenol S and bisphenol F on human spermatozoa: An in vitro study. Reprod Toxicol. 2021;103:58-63.doi:10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2021.05.011

Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 37 - 43, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1295682

Abstract

Bisphenol a (BPA) is an industrial chemical that use in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recently, BPA has been received increased attention because of its high production volume, widespread applications and possible health effects. General population are mainly exposed orally to BPA through consumption of food and water stored in containers with BPA. In contrast, in occupational settings workers are exposed to BPA through inhalation of BPA dust particles. This review discusses the controversial of the current findings according to in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. BPA exposure is associated with multi-organ toxicity including reproductive, developmental, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. In order to protect the environmental and human health, numerous scientific bodies and regulatory agencies developed to keep the BPA exposure within the safe level. The various adverse health effect of BPA lead to development of alternatives with less harmful effect. However, the safety of the alternatives is not fully verified. To conclude, the current restrictions and limitations on use of BPA has reduced potential exposure and consequently possible health effect. However, still there are several unanswered questions regarding to the exact toxic effects, metabolism and fate of BPA on human and environmental health.

References

  • Vogel SA. The Politics of Plastics: The Economic, Political and Scientific History of Bisphenol A. 2008.
  • Jimmy Chow by T, Professor Larry Erickson ME. Environmental Assessment for Bısphenol-A and Polycarbonate. 2007.
  • Edward Charles Dodds (1899-1973) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/edward-charles-dodds-1899-1973. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Krishnan A V., Stathis P, Permuth SF, Tokes L, Feldman D. Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology. 1993;132(6):2279-2286. doi:10.1210/ENDO.132.6.8504731
  • Artham T, Doble M. Biodegradation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Polycarbonates. Macromol Biosci. 2008;8(1):14-24. doi:10.1002/MABI.200700106
  • Jin FL, Li X, Park SJ. Synthesis and application of epoxy resins: A review. J Ind Eng Chem. 2015;29:1-11. doi:10.1016/J.JIEC.2015.03.026
  • Vandenberg LN, Chahoud I, Heindel JJ, Padmanabhan V, Paumgartten FJR, Schoenfelder G. Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(8):1055-1070. doi:10.1289/EHP.0901716
  • Bisphenol-A (BPA) Market Size, Share & Growth [2031] |. https://straitsresearch.com/report/bisphenol-a-market. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Fleisch AF, Sheffield PE, Chinn C, Edelstein BL, Landrigan PJ. Bisphenol A and Related Compounds in Dental Materials. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):760. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2009-2693
  • Thayer KA, Doerge DR, Hunt D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in humans following a single oral administration. Environ Int. 2015;83:107-115. doi:10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.06.008
  • Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Alherz FA, et al. Impact of SULT1A3 / SULT1A4 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of phenylephrine and salbutamol by human SULT1A3 allozymes. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2019;29(5):99-105. doi:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000371
  • Bruks S. Metabolism and estrogenicity of bisphenol A and its analogues A comparative analysis of experimental and computational data on metabolism of bisphenols.
  • Nahar MS, Liao C, Kannan K, Harris C, Dolinoy DC. In utero bisphenol A concentration, metabolism, and global DNA methylation across matched placenta, kidney, and liver in the human fetus. Chemosphere. 2015;124(1):54-60. doi:10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2014.10.071
  • Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation - ECHA. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Ma Y, Liu H, Wu J, et al. The adverse health effects of bisphenol A and related toxicity mechanisms. Environ Res. 2019;176:108575. doi:10.1016/J.ENVRES.2019.108575
  • Vahedi M, Saeedi A, Poorbaghi SL, Sepehrimanesh M, Fattahi M. Metabolic and endocrine effects of bisphenol A exposure in market seller women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7573-5
  • Cantonwine D, Meeker JD, Hu H, et al. Bisphenol a exposure in Mexico City and risk of prematurity: A pilot nested case control study. Environ Heal A Glob Access Sci Source. 2010;9(1):1-7. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-62/FIGURES/1
  • Ji H, Miao M, Liang H, et al. Exposure of environmental Bisphenol A in relation to routine sperm parameters and sperm movement characteristics among fertile men. Sci Reports 2018 81. 2018;8(1):1-9. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35787-5
  • Feng MJ, Wu XQ, Li J, et al. [Relationship between daily exposure to bisphenol A and male sexual function-a study from the reproductive center]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2018;39(6):836-840. doi:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-6450.2018.06.027
  • Santoro A, Chianese R, Troisi J, et al. Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(12):1109. doi:10.2174/1570159X17666190726112101
  • Leonardi A, Cofini M, Rigante D, et al. The Effect of Bisphenol A on Puberty: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9). doi:10.3390/IJERPH14091044
  • Badding MA, Barraj L, Williams AL, Scrafford C, Reiss R. CLARITY-BPA Core Study: Analysis for non-monotonic dose-responses and biological relevance. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;131. doi:10.1016/J.FCT.2019.06.001
  • Sun X, Li D, Liang H, et al. Maternal exposure to bisphenol A and anogenital distance throughout infancy: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):269-275. doi:10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.08.055
  • Barrett ES, Sathyanarayana S, Mbowe O, et al. First-Trimester Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration in Relation to Anogenital Distance, an Androgen-Sensitive Measure of Reproductive Development, in Infant Girls. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(7). doi:10.1289/EHP875
  • Hwang S, Lim JE, Choi Y, Jee SH. Bisphenol A exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/S12902-018-0310-Y
  • Alonso-Magdalena P, Vieira E, Soriano S, et al. Bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy disrupts glucose homeostasis in mothers and adult male offspring. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(9):1243-1250. doi:10.1289/EHP.1001993
  • Shankar A, Teppala S. Urinary bisphenol A and hypertension in a multiethnic sample of US adults. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012. doi:10.1155/2012/481641
  • Linillos-Pradillo B, Rancan L, Paredes SD, et al. Low Dose of BPA Induces Liver Injury through Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Long–Evans Lactating Rats and Its Perinatal Effect on Female PND6 Offspring. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(5). doi:10.3390/IJMS24054585
  • Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Damaging Effects of Bisphenol A on the Kidney and the Protection by Melatonin: Emerging Evidences from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018. doi:10.1155/2018/3082438
  • Seachrist DD, Bonk KW, Ho SM, Prins GS, Soto AM, Keri RA. A Review of the Carcinogenic Potential of Bisphenol A. Reprod Toxicol. 2016;59:167. doi:10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2015.09.006
  • Bergman Å, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Thomas Zoeller R. State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012 Summary for Decision-Makers Inter-Organization Programme for The Sound Management of Chemicals.
  • Gao X, Ma J, Chen Y, Wang HS. Rapid Responses and Mechanism of Action for Low-Dose Bisphenol S on ex Vivo Rat Hearts and Isolated Myocytes: Evidence of Female-Specific Proarrhythmic Effects. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(6):571. doi:10.1289/EHP.1408679
  • Eprs. At a glance New rules on bisphenol A in food contact materials. 2018. http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/6857. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Bisphenol A (BPA): Use in Food Contact Application | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/bisphenol-bpa-use-food-contact-application. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Bisphenol A: EFSA draft opinion proposes lowering the tolerable daily intake | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/bisphenol-efsa-draft-opinion-proposes-lowering-tolerable-daily-intake. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • What potential health effects of BPA has EFSA identified? EFSA’s risk assessment in more detail How did EFSA’s experts calculate the new TDI? doi:10.2805/075460
  • Bisphenol A | EFSA. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/bisphenol. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Permissible Exposure Limits - Annotated Tables | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • BISPHENOL A| Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/841. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. Manufacturing Companies | Blogs | CDC. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2017/01/05/bpa/. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Christensen F. Background for national legislation on bisphenol A (BPA) in EU and EFTA countries Title: Background for national legislation on bisphenol A (BPA) in EU and EFTA countries. www.mst.dk/english. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  • Rochester JR, Bolden AL. Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(7):643. doi:10.1289/EHP.1408989
  • The use of bisphenol A and its alternatives in thermal paper in the EU during 2014-2022. 2020. doi:10.2823/592282
  • Kim MJ, Park YJ. Bisphenols and Thyroid Hormone. Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(4):340. doi:10.3803/ENM.2019.34.4.340
  • Is bisphenol S a safer alternative to bisphenol A in terms of potential fetal exposure ? Placental transfer across the perfused human placenta. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.065ï
  • Kaptaner B, Yılmaz C, Aykut H, et al. Bisphenol S leads to cytotoxicity-induced antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(12):7657-7666. doi:10.1007/S11033-021-06771-6/FIGURES/3
  • Castellini C, Di Giammarco N, D’Andrea S, et al. Effects of bisphenol S and bisphenol F on human spermatozoa: An in vitro study. Reprod Toxicol. 2021;103:58-63.doi:10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2021.05.011
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Toxicology
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Hananeh Kordbacheh 0000-0003-4518-5259

Bensu Karahalil 0000-0003-1625-6337

Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date May 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kordbacheh, H., & Karahalil, B. (2023). Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, 5(2), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1295682
AMA Kordbacheh H, Karahalil B. Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present. Eurasian J Tox. August 2023;5(2):37-43. doi:10.51262/ejtox.1295682
Chicago Kordbacheh, Hananeh, and Bensu Karahalil. “Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: From Invention to the Present”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 5, no. 2 (August 2023): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1295682.
EndNote Kordbacheh H, Karahalil B (August 1, 2023) Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 5 2 37–43.
IEEE H. Kordbacheh and B. Karahalil, “Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present”, Eurasian J Tox, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 37–43, 2023, doi: 10.51262/ejtox.1295682.
ISNAD Kordbacheh, Hananeh - Karahalil, Bensu. “Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: From Invention to the Present”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 5/2 (August 2023), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1295682.
JAMA Kordbacheh H, Karahalil B. Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present. Eurasian J Tox. 2023;5:37–43.
MLA Kordbacheh, Hananeh and Bensu Karahalil. “Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: From Invention to the Present”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, vol. 5, no. 2, 2023, pp. 37-43, doi:10.51262/ejtox.1295682.
Vancouver Kordbacheh H, Karahalil B. Systematic Review on Safety of Bisphenol A: from Invention to the Present. Eurasian J Tox. 2023;5(2):37-43.

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