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COVID-19 Pandemisine Diyetetik Bakış: Besin, Besin Destekleri ve Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 14.07.2021

Abstract

Yeni tanımlanan bir koronavirüs türünün neden olduğu COVID-19, pandemik duruma ulaşan ve ölümcül seyirli olabilen ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur. COVID-19 tüm grupları etkilemekle birlikte, şiddetli patoloji ve mortalite oranları erkek cinsiyet, ileri yaş, kronik hastalık varlığı gibi risk faktörleri mevcut olduğunda daha yüksektir. COVID-19'dan etkilenen hastaların artmış inflamatuvar yanıt gösterdiği düşünüldüğünde, malnütrisyon ve obezite varlığının da tedavi sürecini daha çok zora sokması olasıdır. Bununla birlikte, yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme gibi yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının COVID-19'a duyarlılık ve iyileşme üzerindeki etkisini dikkate almak önemlidir. Çünkü sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları aynı zamanda bireylerin immün sistemleri üzerinde de olumsuz etki yaratmakta ve hastalıkla mücadeleyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin oldukça önemli olduğu ve hatta hekim tavsiyesi doğrultusunda besin takviyesine ihtiyacı olan bireylerde bu desteğin sağlanmasının gerekliliği açıktır. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören COVID-19 hastalarında ise beslenme yönetimi hakkında Avrupa Klinik Beslenme ve Metabolizma Derneği (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / ESPEN)’nin mevcut kılavuzlarının bu bireylerin ihtiyaçları için de uygun olduğu düşünülmekte, oral tüketimi mümkün olmayan veya bu yolla besin ögesi gereksinimlerini karşılayamayan bireylerde ise nütrisyon desteği de gerekli olabilmektedir. Bütün bunlar göz önüne alındığında, COVID-19 ile mücadelede klinik durumun savunmasız bireylerde kötüleşebileceği düşünülerek tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin doğru uygulanmasının önemi oldukça büyük görünmektedir.

References

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  • 30. FAO. Maintaining a healthy diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.
  • 31. Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 53-54.
  • 32. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J. Med. Virol. 2020; 92(5): 479-90.
  • 33. Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Selenium, selenoproteins and viral infection. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9): 2101.
  • 34. Semba RD, Tang AM. Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br. J. Nutr. 1999; 81(3): 181-9.
  • 35. Ilie PC, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020; 1-4.
  • 36. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): 988.
  • 37. Semba RD. Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999; 58(3): 719-27.
  • 38. Dezfouli M, Moeinzadeh F, Taheri S, Feizi A. The Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Serum Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Albumin in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Ren Nutr. 2020; 30(3): 182-188.
  • 39. Anderson L. Providing nutritional support for the patient with COVID-19. Br. J. Community Nurs. 2020; 29(8): 458-9.
  • 40. Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38(1): 48-79.
Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 14.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • 1. Hui DS, Azhar EE, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, et al. The continuing epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health-the latest novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhang, China. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2020; 91: 264–66.
  • 2. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(1): 157-60.
  • 3. Gracia-Ramos AE. Is the ACE2 overexpression a risk factor for COVID-19 infection? Arch Med Res. 2020; 51(4): 345–346.
  • 4. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020; 323(13): 1239-42.
  • 5. Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, Sterling S, Johnson D, Francois F, et al. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; ciaa415.
  • 6. Li T, Zhang Y, Gong C, Wang J, Liu B, Shi L, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition and analysis of related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020; 1-5.
  • 7. Laviano A, Koverech A, Zanetti M. Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020; 74:110834.
  • 8. Zabetakis I, Lordan R, Norton C, Tsoupras A. COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1466.
  • 9. Farhadi S, Ovchinnikov RS. The relationship between nutrition and infectious diseases: A review. Biomed Biotechnol Res J. 2018; 2(3): 168.
  • 10. Katona P, Katona-Apte J. The interaction between nutrition and infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008; 46(10): 1582-8.
  • 11. Rodriguez-Morales A, Bolivar-Mejía A, Alarcón-Olave C, Calvo-Betancourt L. Nutrition and Infection. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Elsevier; 2016. p.98-103.
  • 12. Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Krznaric Z, Pirlich M, Singer P. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr. 2020; 39(6): 1631–1638.
  • 13. BAPEN. Enteral tube feeding safety in COVID-19 patients. 2020.
  • 14. Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z, Group AAHEW. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22(3): 321-36.
  • 15. Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry P. Mini Nutritional Assessment: a practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Facts research and intervention in geriatrics. 1997: 15-60.
  • 16. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Jiang X, Day AG. Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: the development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool. Crit Care. 2011; 15(6): R268.
  • 17. Cederholm T, Jensen G, Correia M, Gonzalez M, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition-A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38(1): 1-9.
  • 18. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-13.
  • 19. Khaled MB, Benajiba N. The role of nutrition in strengthening immune system against newly emerging viral diseases: case of SARS-CoV-2. Nor Afr J Food Nutr Res. 2020; 4(07): 240-44.
  • 20. Short KR, Kedzierska K, van de Sandt CE. Back to the future: lessons learned from the 1918 influenza pandemic. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2018; 8: 343.
  • 21. Andersen CJ, Murphy KE, Fernandez ML. Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity. Adv Nutr. 2016; 7(1): 66-75.
  • 22. Rojas-Osornio SA, Cruz-Hernández TR, Drago-Serrano ME, Campos-Rodríguez R. Immunity to influenza: Impact of obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 13(5): 419-429.
  • 23. Green WD, Beck MA. Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017; 14(Supplement_5): S406-S409.
  • 24. Maier HE, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Ng S, Gresh L, Ojeda S, et al. Obesity increases the duration of influenza a virus shedding in adults. Int J Infect Dis. 2018; 218(9): 1378-82.
  • 25. Honce RR, Schultz-Cherry S. Impact of obesity on influenza A virus pathogenesis, immune response, and evolution. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1071.
  • 26. Luzi L, Radaelli MG. Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabetol. 2020: 1-6.
  • 27. Dietz W, Santos‐Burgoa C. Obesity and its Implications for COVID‐19 Mortality. Obesity. 2020; 28(6): 1005.
  • 28. Kassir R. Risk of COVID‐19 for patients with obesity. Obes Rev. 2020; 21(6).
  • 29. Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB, Ludwig DS. Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020: 1–2.
  • 30. FAO. Maintaining a healthy diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.
  • 31. Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 53-54.
  • 32. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J. Med. Virol. 2020; 92(5): 479-90.
  • 33. Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Selenium, selenoproteins and viral infection. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9): 2101.
  • 34. Semba RD, Tang AM. Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br. J. Nutr. 1999; 81(3): 181-9.
  • 35. Ilie PC, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020; 1-4.
  • 36. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): 988.
  • 37. Semba RD. Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999; 58(3): 719-27.
  • 38. Dezfouli M, Moeinzadeh F, Taheri S, Feizi A. The Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Serum Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Albumin in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Ren Nutr. 2020; 30(3): 182-188.
  • 39. Anderson L. Providing nutritional support for the patient with COVID-19. Br. J. Community Nurs. 2020; 29(8): 458-9.
  • 40. Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38(1): 48-79.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derleme Bölümü
Authors

Merve Esra Çıtar Dazıroğlu 0000-0002-7060-6265

Müberra Yıldız 0000-0001-8517-9481

Gamze Akbulut 0000-0003-0197-1573

Publication Date July 14, 2021
Submission Date August 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çıtar Dazıroğlu, M. E., Yıldız, M., & Akbulut, G. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisine Diyetetik Bakış: Besin, Besin Destekleri ve Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 13-22.