Research Article
Isı stresindeki süt ineklerinde farklı partikül boyutlu rasyonlar ve canlı maya katkısının enerji profiline etkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, heat stresi şartlarında süt sığırlarının rasyonlarına farklı yem parçacık büyüklüğü ve canlı maya kültürü (CMK) ilavesinin metabolik enerji dengesi ve bazı kan parametrelerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada birden fazla doğum yapmış orta laktasyonda dört adet Holstein-Fresiean süt sığırı (600 ± 25 kg CA) kullanıldı. Sığırlar 2 farklı dozda LY katkısı (0 ve 1 g/gün/süt sığırı) ve 2 farklı parça büyüklüğünde hazırlanan rasyonla beslendi. Deneme 2x2 faktoriyel düzlemde 4x4 latin kare deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma boyunca sıcaklık nem indeksi (SNİ) ortalamaları 76’ nın üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmada rasyona CMK katkısının canlı ağırlık (CA) değişimi ve yem tüketimine etkisi saptanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte rasyona CMK ilavesi ile süt sığırlarında esterleşmemiş yağ asidi (NEFA), beta hidroksi bütirik asit (BHBA) ve glukoz düzeyinin önemli derecede düştüğü, üre düzeyinin ise yükseldiği gözlemlenmiştir (P<0.05). Rasyonda parça büyüklüğünün düşürülmesi ile sıcak stresi altındaki süt sığırlarında kuru madde (KM), organik madde (OM) ve nötral detergent fiber (NDF) tüketiminin arttığı, non fiber carbonhydrate (NFC) tüketiminin ise etkilenmediği belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak rasyonda parça büyüklüğünün düşmesi ile süt sığırlarında serumda NEFA ve BHBA’nın önemli derecede düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler göz önüne alındığında, ısı stresi altındaki süt sığırlarında rasyon parça boyutunun küçültülmesi ve CMK ilavesinin metabolik enerji dengesini iyileştirdiği söylenebilir.
References
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- Allen MS. (2000) Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(7), 1598-1624. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2
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- Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. (2005) Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(6), 2117-2129. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72888-5.
- Bruno RGS, Rutigliano HM, Cerri RL, Robinson PH, Santos JEP. (2009) Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of dairy cows during summer heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 150(3-4), 175–186.
- Calamari L, Petrera F, Abeni F, Bertin G. (2011) Metabolic and hematological profiles in heat stressed lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with different selenium sources and doses. Livest. Sci. 142, 128–137. Cassida KA, Stokes MR. (1986) Eating and resting salivation in early lactation dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 69(5), 1282-1292.
- Collier RJ, Hall LW, Rungruang S, Zimbleman RB. (2012) Quantifying heat stress and its impact on metabolism and performance. Department of Animal Sciences University of Arizona, 68.
- Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J. (2016) Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Veterinary world, 9(3), 260. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268.
- Dehghan-Banadaky M, Ebrahimi M, Motameny R, Heidari SR. (2013) Effects of live yeast supplementation on mid-lactation dairy cows performances, milk composition, rumen digestion and plasma metabolites during hot season. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41(2), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2012.739085.
- DeVries TJ, von Keyserlingk MAG, Beauchemin KA. (2005) Frequency of feed delivery affects the behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(10), 3553–3562. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73040-X. Garner JB, Douglas M, Williams SRO, Wales WJ, Marett LC, DiGiacomo K, Leury BJ, Hayes BJ. (2017) Responses of dairy cows to short-term heat stress in controlled-climate chambers. Anim. Prod. Sci. 57, 1233–1241.
- Heinrichs J, Kononoff P. (2002) Evaluating particle size of forages and TMRs using the new Penn State Forage Particle Separator. Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension DAS, 42, 1-15. Kadzere CT, Murphy MR, Silanikove N, Maltz E. (2002) Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livestock production science, 77(1), 59-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00330-X.
- Khan FA, Prasad S, Gupta HP. (2013) Effect of heat stress on pregnancy rates of crossbred dairy cattle in Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2(4), 277-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(13)60162-1. Kononoff PJ, Heinrichs AJ. (2003) The effect of reducing alfalfa haylage particle size on cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(4), 1445-1457. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73728-X.
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- Patel MD, Patel JH, Rajput MB, Bariya AR. (2016) Adaptıve Physıologıcal And Bıochemıcal Responses Of Daıry Anımals To Heat Stress: A Revıew. International Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 2319-4022(5), 107-116.
- Perdomo MC, Marsola RS, Favoreto MG, Adesogan A, Staples CR, Santos JEP. (2020) Effects of feeding live yeast at 2 dosages on performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows under heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(1), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17303.
- Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA, Baumgard LH. (2009) Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1986–1997.
- Ronchi B, Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Verini Supplizi A, Nardone A (1999) Distinct and common effects of heat stress and restricted feeding on metabolic status of Holstein heifers. Zoot Nutr Anim 25:11–20
- Schingoethe DJ, Linke KN, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Rennich DR, Yoon I. (2004) Feed efficiency of mid-lactation dairy cows fed yeast culture during summer. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(12), 4178–4181.
- Shah AM, Ma J, Wang Z, Zou H, Hu R, Peng Q. (2020). Betaine supplementation improves the production performance, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant profile of dairy cows in heat stress. Animals (Basel), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040634
- SPSS. (2010) SPSS for Windovs, Version 22, Inc. Chicago.
- Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
- Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH. (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(2), 644-655.
- Yousef MK. Stress Physiology in Livestock. 1st Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ISBN: 0849356679, 1985.
The effect of different particle sized rations and live yeast supplementation on energy profile in dairy cows in heat stress
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of adding different sized feed particles and live yeast culture (LY) to the rations of dairy cattle on their metabolic energy balance and some blood parameters under heat stress conditions. In this study, four Holstein-Fresiean dairy cattle (600 ± 25 kg of BW) in the middle of the lactation, which gave multiple births, were used. The cattle were fed with diets containing 2 different doses of LY additives (0 and 1 g/day/dairy cattle) in 2 different particle sizes (High particle size (HPS) and Short particle size (SPS)). The experiment was carried out in 2x2 factorial plane and 4x4 latin square pattern. During the study, it was determined that the averages of the temperature humidity index (THI) were above 76.
In the present study, the effect of LY supplementation on the live weight (BW) change and on feed consumption was not determined. However, it was observed that the non esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose levels of dairy cattle decreased significantly, while the urea level increased with the supplementation of LY to the ration (P <0.05). It was determined that the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) consumption of dairy cattle under heat stress increased by decreasing the particle size in the ration, while the consumption of non fiber carbonhydrate (NFC) was not affected. In addition, it was observed that NEFA and BHBA in the sera of dairy cattles decreased significantly with the decrease in the particle size in the ration. Considering the data obtained from the present study, it can be said that reducing the particle size and supplementing of LY in the rations of dairy cattle under heat stress ameliorate the metabolic energy balance.
References
- Abeni F, Calamari L, Stefanini L. (2007) Metabolic conditions of lactating Friesian cows during hot season in Po valley. 1. Blood indicators of heat stress. Int. J. Biometeorol. 52:87-96.
- Allen MS. (2000) Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(7), 1598-1624. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2
- AOAC. (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA Armstrong DV. (1994) Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling. Journal of Dairy Science. 77:2044–2050. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77149-6.
- Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. (2005) Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(6), 2117-2129. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72888-5.
- Bruno RGS, Rutigliano HM, Cerri RL, Robinson PH, Santos JEP. (2009) Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of dairy cows during summer heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 150(3-4), 175–186.
- Calamari L, Petrera F, Abeni F, Bertin G. (2011) Metabolic and hematological profiles in heat stressed lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with different selenium sources and doses. Livest. Sci. 142, 128–137. Cassida KA, Stokes MR. (1986) Eating and resting salivation in early lactation dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 69(5), 1282-1292.
- Collier RJ, Hall LW, Rungruang S, Zimbleman RB. (2012) Quantifying heat stress and its impact on metabolism and performance. Department of Animal Sciences University of Arizona, 68.
- Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J. (2016) Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Veterinary world, 9(3), 260. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268.
- Dehghan-Banadaky M, Ebrahimi M, Motameny R, Heidari SR. (2013) Effects of live yeast supplementation on mid-lactation dairy cows performances, milk composition, rumen digestion and plasma metabolites during hot season. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41(2), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2012.739085.
- DeVries TJ, von Keyserlingk MAG, Beauchemin KA. (2005) Frequency of feed delivery affects the behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(10), 3553–3562. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73040-X. Garner JB, Douglas M, Williams SRO, Wales WJ, Marett LC, DiGiacomo K, Leury BJ, Hayes BJ. (2017) Responses of dairy cows to short-term heat stress in controlled-climate chambers. Anim. Prod. Sci. 57, 1233–1241.
- Heinrichs J, Kononoff P. (2002) Evaluating particle size of forages and TMRs using the new Penn State Forage Particle Separator. Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension DAS, 42, 1-15. Kadzere CT, Murphy MR, Silanikove N, Maltz E. (2002) Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livestock production science, 77(1), 59-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00330-X.
- Khan FA, Prasad S, Gupta HP. (2013) Effect of heat stress on pregnancy rates of crossbred dairy cattle in Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2(4), 277-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(13)60162-1. Kononoff PJ, Heinrichs AJ. (2003) The effect of reducing alfalfa haylage particle size on cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(4), 1445-1457. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73728-X.
- Koubkova M, Knızkova I, Kunc P, Hartlova H, Flusser J, Dolezal O. (2002) Influence of high environmental temperatures and evaporative cooling on some physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters in high-yielding dairy cows. Checz J. Anim. Sci. 47(8), 309-3187.
- Kumar J, Madan AK, Kumar M, Sirohi R, Yadav B, Reddy AV, Swain DK. (2017) Impact of season on antioxidants, nutritional metabolic status, cortisol and heat shock proteins in Hariana and Sahiwal cattle. Biol Rhythm Res. 49(1):29–38. Miller-Cushon E, Dayton A, Horvath K, Monteiro A, Weng X, Tao S (2019). Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on feed sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Animal, 13(9), 2044-2051.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118003762. Miller-Webster T, Hoover WH, Holt M, Nocek JE. (2002) Influence of yeast culture on ruminal microbial metabolism in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 2009–2014.
- Moore CE, Kay JK, Collier RJ, VanBaale MJ, Baumgard LH (2005). Effect of supplemental conjugated linoleic acids on heat-stressed Brown Swiss and Holstein cows. Journal of dairy science, 88(5), 1732-1740. National Research Council (NRC). (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC. Nørgaard P. (1993) Saliva secretion and acid-base status of ruminants: A review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum (Denmark), 89 (1993), 93–100.
- Patel MD, Patel JH, Rajput MB, Bariya AR. (2016) Adaptıve Physıologıcal And Bıochemıcal Responses Of Daıry Anımals To Heat Stress: A Revıew. International Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 2319-4022(5), 107-116.
- Perdomo MC, Marsola RS, Favoreto MG, Adesogan A, Staples CR, Santos JEP. (2020) Effects of feeding live yeast at 2 dosages on performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows under heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(1), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17303.
- Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA, Baumgard LH. (2009) Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1986–1997.
- Ronchi B, Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Verini Supplizi A, Nardone A (1999) Distinct and common effects of heat stress and restricted feeding on metabolic status of Holstein heifers. Zoot Nutr Anim 25:11–20
- Schingoethe DJ, Linke KN, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Rennich DR, Yoon I. (2004) Feed efficiency of mid-lactation dairy cows fed yeast culture during summer. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(12), 4178–4181.
- Shah AM, Ma J, Wang Z, Zou H, Hu R, Peng Q. (2020). Betaine supplementation improves the production performance, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant profile of dairy cows in heat stress. Animals (Basel), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040634
- SPSS. (2010) SPSS for Windovs, Version 22, Inc. Chicago.
- Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
- Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH. (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(2), 644-655.
- Yousef MK. Stress Physiology in Livestock. 1st Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ISBN: 0849356679, 1985.
There are 25 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 20, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 34 Issue: 1 |
