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An Overview of Outcome Measures in Healthcare

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 68 - 76, 31.08.2023

Şeyda Özal Nihan Kafa Nevin Atalay Güzel

https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1266109

Abstract

Consideration of indicators of an individual's perceptions and attitudes is valuable to reflect the impact of physical findings on quality of life. In this regard, practical outcome measures assist in concluding. Self-Reported Outcome Measures (SROMs) corroborate medical findings and allow for easy profiling (eliciting information about the patient's condition). Even if their frequent usage in clinical and scientific studies, there is confusion over taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of outcome measures. Sometimes, clinicians face some obscurity of the complexity of the features and concepts those measurements represent. This leads to misnaming or misidentification of measurement tools. Users also have difficulty choosing the right tool because of this confusion. This study aims to describe and standardize the terminology of outcome measures and to clarify the classifications with examples. Thus, we aimed to increase the knowledge and awareness of health professionals about the measurement tools, make them interrogate their qualities and features, and encourage them to choose more appropriate ones.

Keywords

Outcome Measures Terminology Self-Reported

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • Albrecht, G. (1996). Using subjective health assessments in practice and policy-making. Health Care Analysis, 4(4), 284-292. doi:10.1007/BF02249315.
  • Basch, E., Spertus, J., Dudley, R. A., Wu, A., Chuahan, C., Cohen, P., . . . Christensen, K. (2015). Methods for developing patient-reported outcome-based performance measures (PRO-PMs). Value in health, 18(4), 493-504. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.02.018
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1987). Beck depression inventory: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York: doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_8.
  • Black, N. (2013). Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare. Bmj, 346. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f167
  • Blanchard, E. B., Hickling, E. J., Taylor, A. E., Forneris, C. A., Loos, W., & Jaccard, J. (1995). Effects of varying scoring rules of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident victims. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(4), 471-475. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00064-Q
  • Bradley, C. (1994). The well-being questionnaire: Chur, Switzerland, Harwood Academic Publishers.
  • Curtis, K., Roach, K., Brooks Applegate, E., Amar, T., Benbow, C., Genecco, T., & Gualano, J. (1995). Development of the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index (WUSPI). Spinal Cord, 33(5), 290-293. doi: 10.1038/sc.1995.65
  • Devaux, M., Sassi, F. (2016). Social disparities in hazardous alcohol use: Self-report bias may lead to incorrect estimates. Eur J Public Health, 26(1):129-134. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv190
  • Dawson, J., Doll, H., Fitzpatrick, R., Jenkinson, C., & Carr, A. J. (2010). The routine use of patient reported outcome measures in healthcare settings. Bmj, 340.doi: 10.1136/bmj.c186
  • Edwards, T. B., Bostick, R. D., Greene, C. C., Baratta, R. V., & Drez, D. (2002). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the measurement of shoulder internal rotation by vertebral level. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 11(1), 40-42. doi: 10.1067/mse.2002.119853
  • Feeny, D. H., Eckstrom, E., Whitlock, E. P., & Perdue, L. A. (2013). A primer for systematic reviewers on the measurement of functional status and health-related quality of life in older adults.
  • Ferreira-Valente, M. A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain®, 152(10), 2399-2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005
  • Fischbach, F. T., & Dunning, M. B. (2009). A manual of laboratory and diagnostic tests: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Francis, D. O., McPheeters, M. L., Noud, M., Penson, D. F., & Feurer, I. D. (2016). Checklist to operationalize measurement characteristics of patient-reported outcome measures. Systematic reviews, 5(1), 1-11.doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0307-4
  • Garra, G., Singer, A. J., Taira, B. R., Chohan, J., Cardoz, H., Chisena, E., & Thode Jr, H. C. (2010). Validation of the Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 50-54. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x
  • Grove, B. E., Schougaard, L. M. V., Ivarsen, P. R., Kyte, D., Hjollund, N. H., & de Thurah, A. (2021). Patient-reported outcome measures for clinical decision-making in outpatient follow-up: validity and reliability of a renal disease questionnaire. Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 5(1), 1-11.doi: 10.1186/s41687-021-00384-0
  • Guyatt, G., & Schunemann, H. (2007). How can quality of life researchers make their work more useful to health workers and their patients? Quality of Life Research, 16(7), 1097-1105. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9223-3
  • Hunt, S. M., McKenna, S., McEwen, J., Williams, J., & Papp, E. (1981). The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective health status and medical consultations. Social Science & Medicine. Part A: Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, 15(3), 221-229. doi: 10.1016/0271-7123(81)90005-5
  • Hutchings, H. A., Cheung, W.-Y., Russell, I. T., Durai, D., Alrubaiy, L., & Williams, J. G. (2015). Psychometric development of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Questionnaire (GSRQ) demonstrated good validity. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 68(10), 1176-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.019
  • Jaarsma, T., Årestedt, K. F., Mårtensson, J., Dracup, K., & Strömberg, A. (2009). The European Heart Failure Self‐care Behaviour scale revised into a nine‐item scale (EHFScB‐9): a reliable and valid international instrument. European journal of heart failure, 11(1), 99-105. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfn007
  • Lilienfeld, S. O., & Fowler, K. A. (2006). The Self-Report Assessment of Psychopathy: Problems, Pitfalls, and Promises. Handbook of psychopathy, 107–132, ISBN 1-59385-212-6
  • Loeser, J. D., & Melzack, R. (1999). Pain: an overview. The lancet, 353(9164), 1607-1609.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01311-2
  • McDonald, J. D. (2008). Measuring personality constructs: The advantages and disadvantages of self-reports, informant reports and behavioural assessments. Enquire, 1(1), 1-19.
  • Melzack, R., & Raja, S. N. (2005). The McGill pain questionnaire: from description to measurement. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 103(1), 199-202.doi: 10.1097/00000542-200507000-00028
  • Merluzzi, T. V., & Martinez Sanchez, M. A. (1997). Assessment of self-efficacy and coping with cancer: development and validation of the cancer behavior inventory. Health Psychology, 16(2), 163. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.16.2.163
  • Michener, L. A. (2011). Patient-and clinician-rated outcome measures for clinical decision making in rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 20(1), 37-45. doi: 10.1123/jsr.20.1.37
  • Mokkink, L. B., Terwee, C. B., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Stratford, P. W., Knol, D. L., . . . de Vet, H. C. (2010). The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 63(7), 737-745. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006
  • Mollaoğlu, M., Durna, Z., & Bolayir, E. (2015). Validity and reliability of the quality of life in epilepsy inventory (QOLIE-31) for Turkey. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi, 52(3), 289. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.8727
  • Najafov, E., Özal, Ş., Kaptan, A. Y., Ulucaköy, C., Kanatlı, U., Ataoğlu, B., & Başar, S. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of LHB score. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 30(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0364
  • Nelson, E. C., Eftimovska, E., Lind, C., Hager, A., Wasson, J. H., & Lindblad, S. (2015). Patient reported outcome measures in practice. Bmj, 350. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g7818
  • Özal, Ş., Güzel, N. A., Kaptan, A. Y., Eren, T. K., & Kafa, N. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index. Joint diseases and related surgery, 32(2), 497. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2021.141
  • Paulhus, D. L., & Vazire, S. (2007). The self-report method. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology, 1(1), 224-239 ISBN 9781606236123.
  • Powers III, J. H., Patrick, D. L., Walton, M. K., Marquis, P., Cano, S., Hobart, J., . . . Molsen, E. (2017). Clinician-reported outcome assessments of treatment benefit: report of the ISPOR clinical outcome assessment emerging good practices task force. Value in health, 20(1), 2-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.11.005
  • Roach, K. E., Budiman‐Mak, E., Songsiridej, N., & Lertratanakul, Y. (1991). Development of a shoulder pain and disability index. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology, 4(4), 143-149. doi: 10.1002/art.1790040403
  • Snyder, A. R., Valovich McLeod, T. C., & Sauers, E. L. (2007). Defining, valuing, and teaching clinical outcomes assessment in professional and post-professional athletic training education programs. Athletic Training Education Journal, 2(2), 31-41.doi: 10.4085/1947-380X-2.2.31
  • Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. Clemson International Institute for Tourism & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. Clemson University. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21022.82243
  • Van de Water, A., Davidson, M., Shields, N., Evans, M. C., & Taylor, N. F. (2016). The Shoulder Function Index (SFInX): evaluation of its measurement properties in people recovering from a proximal humeral fracture. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 17(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1138-0
  • Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993). The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 46(2), 153-162. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4
  • Wyrwich, K. W., & Wolinsky, F. D. (2000). Identifying meaningful intra‐individual change standards for health‐related quality of life measures. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 6(1), 39-49. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2753.2000.00238.x
  • Zheng, H., Li, W., Harrold, L., Ayers, D. C., & Franklin, P. D. (2014). Web-based comparative patient-reported outcome feedback to support quality improvement and comparative effectiveness research in total joint replacement. EGEMs, 2(1). doi: 10.13063/2327-9214.1130

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 68 - 76, 31.08.2023

Şeyda Özal Nihan Kafa Nevin Atalay Güzel

https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1266109

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Albrecht, G. (1996). Using subjective health assessments in practice and policy-making. Health Care Analysis, 4(4), 284-292. doi:10.1007/BF02249315.
  • Basch, E., Spertus, J., Dudley, R. A., Wu, A., Chuahan, C., Cohen, P., . . . Christensen, K. (2015). Methods for developing patient-reported outcome-based performance measures (PRO-PMs). Value in health, 18(4), 493-504. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.02.018
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1987). Beck depression inventory: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York: doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_8.
  • Black, N. (2013). Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare. Bmj, 346. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f167
  • Blanchard, E. B., Hickling, E. J., Taylor, A. E., Forneris, C. A., Loos, W., & Jaccard, J. (1995). Effects of varying scoring rules of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident victims. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(4), 471-475. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00064-Q
  • Bradley, C. (1994). The well-being questionnaire: Chur, Switzerland, Harwood Academic Publishers.
  • Curtis, K., Roach, K., Brooks Applegate, E., Amar, T., Benbow, C., Genecco, T., & Gualano, J. (1995). Development of the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index (WUSPI). Spinal Cord, 33(5), 290-293. doi: 10.1038/sc.1995.65
  • Devaux, M., Sassi, F. (2016). Social disparities in hazardous alcohol use: Self-report bias may lead to incorrect estimates. Eur J Public Health, 26(1):129-134. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv190
  • Dawson, J., Doll, H., Fitzpatrick, R., Jenkinson, C., & Carr, A. J. (2010). The routine use of patient reported outcome measures in healthcare settings. Bmj, 340.doi: 10.1136/bmj.c186
  • Edwards, T. B., Bostick, R. D., Greene, C. C., Baratta, R. V., & Drez, D. (2002). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the measurement of shoulder internal rotation by vertebral level. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 11(1), 40-42. doi: 10.1067/mse.2002.119853
  • Feeny, D. H., Eckstrom, E., Whitlock, E. P., & Perdue, L. A. (2013). A primer for systematic reviewers on the measurement of functional status and health-related quality of life in older adults.
  • Ferreira-Valente, M. A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain®, 152(10), 2399-2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005
  • Fischbach, F. T., & Dunning, M. B. (2009). A manual of laboratory and diagnostic tests: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Francis, D. O., McPheeters, M. L., Noud, M., Penson, D. F., & Feurer, I. D. (2016). Checklist to operationalize measurement characteristics of patient-reported outcome measures. Systematic reviews, 5(1), 1-11.doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0307-4
  • Garra, G., Singer, A. J., Taira, B. R., Chohan, J., Cardoz, H., Chisena, E., & Thode Jr, H. C. (2010). Validation of the Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 50-54. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x
  • Grove, B. E., Schougaard, L. M. V., Ivarsen, P. R., Kyte, D., Hjollund, N. H., & de Thurah, A. (2021). Patient-reported outcome measures for clinical decision-making in outpatient follow-up: validity and reliability of a renal disease questionnaire. Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 5(1), 1-11.doi: 10.1186/s41687-021-00384-0
  • Guyatt, G., & Schunemann, H. (2007). How can quality of life researchers make their work more useful to health workers and their patients? Quality of Life Research, 16(7), 1097-1105. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9223-3
  • Hunt, S. M., McKenna, S., McEwen, J., Williams, J., & Papp, E. (1981). The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective health status and medical consultations. Social Science & Medicine. Part A: Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, 15(3), 221-229. doi: 10.1016/0271-7123(81)90005-5
  • Hutchings, H. A., Cheung, W.-Y., Russell, I. T., Durai, D., Alrubaiy, L., & Williams, J. G. (2015). Psychometric development of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Questionnaire (GSRQ) demonstrated good validity. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 68(10), 1176-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.019
  • Jaarsma, T., Årestedt, K. F., Mårtensson, J., Dracup, K., & Strömberg, A. (2009). The European Heart Failure Self‐care Behaviour scale revised into a nine‐item scale (EHFScB‐9): a reliable and valid international instrument. European journal of heart failure, 11(1), 99-105. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfn007
  • Lilienfeld, S. O., & Fowler, K. A. (2006). The Self-Report Assessment of Psychopathy: Problems, Pitfalls, and Promises. Handbook of psychopathy, 107–132, ISBN 1-59385-212-6
  • Loeser, J. D., & Melzack, R. (1999). Pain: an overview. The lancet, 353(9164), 1607-1609.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01311-2
  • McDonald, J. D. (2008). Measuring personality constructs: The advantages and disadvantages of self-reports, informant reports and behavioural assessments. Enquire, 1(1), 1-19.
  • Melzack, R., & Raja, S. N. (2005). The McGill pain questionnaire: from description to measurement. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 103(1), 199-202.doi: 10.1097/00000542-200507000-00028
  • Merluzzi, T. V., & Martinez Sanchez, M. A. (1997). Assessment of self-efficacy and coping with cancer: development and validation of the cancer behavior inventory. Health Psychology, 16(2), 163. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.16.2.163
  • Michener, L. A. (2011). Patient-and clinician-rated outcome measures for clinical decision making in rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 20(1), 37-45. doi: 10.1123/jsr.20.1.37
  • Mokkink, L. B., Terwee, C. B., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Stratford, P. W., Knol, D. L., . . . de Vet, H. C. (2010). The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 63(7), 737-745. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006
  • Mollaoğlu, M., Durna, Z., & Bolayir, E. (2015). Validity and reliability of the quality of life in epilepsy inventory (QOLIE-31) for Turkey. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi, 52(3), 289. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.8727
  • Najafov, E., Özal, Ş., Kaptan, A. Y., Ulucaköy, C., Kanatlı, U., Ataoğlu, B., & Başar, S. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of LHB score. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 30(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0364
  • Nelson, E. C., Eftimovska, E., Lind, C., Hager, A., Wasson, J. H., & Lindblad, S. (2015). Patient reported outcome measures in practice. Bmj, 350. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g7818
  • Özal, Ş., Güzel, N. A., Kaptan, A. Y., Eren, T. K., & Kafa, N. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index. Joint diseases and related surgery, 32(2), 497. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2021.141
  • Paulhus, D. L., & Vazire, S. (2007). The self-report method. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology, 1(1), 224-239 ISBN 9781606236123.
  • Powers III, J. H., Patrick, D. L., Walton, M. K., Marquis, P., Cano, S., Hobart, J., . . . Molsen, E. (2017). Clinician-reported outcome assessments of treatment benefit: report of the ISPOR clinical outcome assessment emerging good practices task force. Value in health, 20(1), 2-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.11.005
  • Roach, K. E., Budiman‐Mak, E., Songsiridej, N., & Lertratanakul, Y. (1991). Development of a shoulder pain and disability index. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology, 4(4), 143-149. doi: 10.1002/art.1790040403
  • Snyder, A. R., Valovich McLeod, T. C., & Sauers, E. L. (2007). Defining, valuing, and teaching clinical outcomes assessment in professional and post-professional athletic training education programs. Athletic Training Education Journal, 2(2), 31-41.doi: 10.4085/1947-380X-2.2.31
  • Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. Clemson International Institute for Tourism & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. Clemson University. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21022.82243
  • Van de Water, A., Davidson, M., Shields, N., Evans, M. C., & Taylor, N. F. (2016). The Shoulder Function Index (SFInX): evaluation of its measurement properties in people recovering from a proximal humeral fracture. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 17(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1138-0
  • Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993). The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 46(2), 153-162. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4
  • Wyrwich, K. W., & Wolinsky, F. D. (2000). Identifying meaningful intra‐individual change standards for health‐related quality of life measures. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 6(1), 39-49. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2753.2000.00238.x
  • Zheng, H., Li, W., Harrold, L., Ayers, D. C., & Franklin, P. D. (2014). Web-based comparative patient-reported outcome feedback to support quality improvement and comparative effectiveness research in total joint replacement. EGEMs, 2(1). doi: 10.13063/2327-9214.1130
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şeyda Özal 0000-0003-2524-2180

Nihan Kafa 0000-0003-2878-4778

Nevin Atalay Güzel 0000-0003-0467-7310

Project Number -
Publication Date August 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özal, Ş., Kafa, N., & Atalay Güzel, N. (2023). An Overview of Outcome Measures in Healthcare. Journal of Gazi University Health Sciences Institute, 5(2), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1266109
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