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COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Annelerinin Kaygı ve Depresyonu

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 524 - 529, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1123087

Abstract

Amaç: Pandemi döneminde COVID-19 dışında herhangi bir nedenle bebeği yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine (YYBB) yatırılan annelerde kaygı ve depresyon prevalansını ve YYBB'de kalma süresinin annelerin kaygı ve depresyonuna etkisini belirlemek.
Materyal ve metod: YYBB anneleri bebeklerinin hastanede yatış sürelerine göre üç gruba ayrıldı. Bebeklerin hastanede yatış süresi birinci grup annelerde (G1) < 7 gün, ikinci grupta (G2) ≥ 7- <14 gün, üçüncü grupta (G3) ≥ 14- < 30 gündü. Annelerin kaygı düzeyleri “Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI)” ile değerlendirildi ve 40'ın üzerinde bir kesme puanı, olası klinik kaygı düzeylerini tanımlamak için kullanıldı. Depresyon “Edinburgh Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği (EPDS)” ile değerlendirildi ve kesme puanının 12'nin üzerinde olması doğum sonu depresyon varlığı için olası risk olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Yüz elli anne arasında (her grupta n=50), tüm annelerin STAI-Durumluk puanları >40 idi ve bu da klinik kaygı düzeylerini gösteriyordu. Annelerin 73'ünün (%48.7) EPDS puanı >12 idi. Grup 3’teki annelerin STAI-Durumluk puanları G2'deki annelerden daha yüksekti (p=0.029). Depresyon puanları üç grup arasında farklılık göstermedi.
Sonuç: Tüm YYBB annelerinin kaygılı olduğu ve yaklaşık yarısının depresif olduğu saptandı. YYBB'de daha uzun süre kalan bebeklerin annelerinde ortalama durumluk kaygı düzeyleri daha yüksekti.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

References

  • References 1. The Center for Disease Control. Coping with stress. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html (2021). (accessed June 2021).
  • 2. Wu Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Duan C, Li C, Fan J et al. Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Am J Obstetr Gynecol. 2020;223(2):240.
  • 3. Jungari S. Maternal Mental Health in India during COVID-19. Public Health. 2020;185:97-8.
  • 4. Bin-Nun A, Palmor-Haspal S, Mimouni FB, Kasirer Y, Hammerman C, Tuval-Moshiach R. Infant delivery and maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of the well-baby versus neonatal intensive care environments. J Perinatol. 2021:1-7.
  • 5. Virani AK, Puls HT, Mitsos R, Longstaff H, Goldman RD, Lantos JD. Ethics rounds: benefits and risks of visitor restrictions for hospitalized children during the COVID pandemic. Pediatrics. 2020;146(2):e2020000786.
  • 6. Darcy Mahoney A, White RD, Velasquez A, Barrett TS, Clark RH, Ahmad KA. Impact of restrictions on parental presence in neonatal intensive care units related to coronavirus disease 2019. J Perinatol. 2020;40(Suppl 1):36-46.
  • 7. Murray PD, Swanson JR. Visitation restrictions: is it right and how do we support families in the NICU during COVID-19? J Perinatol. 2020;40(10):1576-81.
  • 8. Baley J. Committee on fetus and newborn. Skin-to-skin care for term and preterm infants in the neonatal ICU. Pediatrics. 2015;136:596-9.
  • 9. Turpin H, Urben S, Ansermet F, Borghini A, Murray MM, Muller-Nix C. The interplay between prematurity, maternal stress and children’s intelligence quotient at age 11: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2019;9:450.
  • 10. Conde-Agudelo A, Díaz-Rossello JL. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(8):CD002771.
  • 11. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Consulting Psychologist Press; 1970.
  • 12. Oner N, Le Compte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications; 1985.
  • 13. Dennis CL, Coghlan M, Vigod S. Can we identify mothers at-risk for postpartum anxiety in the immediate postpartum period using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory? J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):1217-20.
  • 14. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal Depression scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-6.
  • 15. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. The Turkish version of edinburgh postnatal depression scale; a study of validity and reliability Spring Symposium First Book. Ankara: Psychiatry Association Press; 1997. p. 51-52.
  • 16. Bauman BL, Ko JY, Cox S, D'Angelo Mph DV, Warner L, Folger S et al. Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression - United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(19):575-81.
  • 17. Karaçam Z, Çoban A, Akbaş B, Karabulut E. Status of postpartum depression in Turkey: A meta-analysis. Health Care Women Int. 2018;39(7):821-41.
  • 18. Norhayati MN, Hazlina NH, Asrenee AR, Emilin WM. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:34-52.
  • 19. Moreyra A, Dowtin LL, Ocampo M, Perez E, Borkovi TC, Wharton E et al. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for parental depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Early Hum Dev. 2021;154:105279.
  • 20. Kotlar B, Gerson E, Petrillo S, Langer A, Tiemeier H. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):10.
  • 21. Ashini A, Alsoufi A, Elhadi M. Parental perception of neonatal ICU visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;153(3):554-5.
  • 22. Goodman JH. Perinatal depression and infant mental health. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2019;33(3):217-24.
  • 23. Erdei C, Liu CH. The downstream effects of COVID-19: a call for supporting family wellbeing in the NICU. J Perinatol. 2020;40(9):1283-5.
  • 24. Thapa SB, Mainali A, Schwank SE, Acharya G. Maternal mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):817-8.
  • 25. Franks WLM, Crozier KE, Penhale BLM. Women's mental health during pregnancy: A participatory qualitative study. Women Birth. 2017;30(4):e179-e87.

Anxiety and Depression of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mothers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 524 - 529, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1123087

Abstract

Background: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of the mothers whose babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for any reason other than COVID-19 during the pandemic, and the effect of duration of NICU stay on mothers' anxiety and depression.
Materials and Methods: The NICU mothers were divided into three groups according to duration of hospitalization of their babies. The duration of hospitalization of the babies was < 7 days for the first group of the mothers (G1), ≥ 7- <14 days for the second group (G2), and ≥ 14- < 30 days for the third group (G3). The anxiety level of the mothers was assessed with "State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)", and a cut-off score above 40 was used to define probable clinical levels of anxiety. Depression was evaluated with “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)”, and a cut-off score above 12 was considered as probable risk for presence of postpartum depression.
Results: Among 150 mothers (in each group n=50), the STAI-State scores of all mothers were > 40, indicating clinical levels of anxiety. Seventy three (48.7%) of the mothers had a EPDS score > 12. The STAI-State scores of the mothers in G3 were higher than the mothers in G2 (p=0.029). Depression scores did not differ between the three groups.
Conclusions: All the NICU mothers were found to be anxious and nearly half of them were depressive. Mean state anxiety levels were higher in mothers of babies who stayed longer in NICU.

References

  • References 1. The Center for Disease Control. Coping with stress. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html (2021). (accessed June 2021).
  • 2. Wu Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Duan C, Li C, Fan J et al. Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Am J Obstetr Gynecol. 2020;223(2):240.
  • 3. Jungari S. Maternal Mental Health in India during COVID-19. Public Health. 2020;185:97-8.
  • 4. Bin-Nun A, Palmor-Haspal S, Mimouni FB, Kasirer Y, Hammerman C, Tuval-Moshiach R. Infant delivery and maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of the well-baby versus neonatal intensive care environments. J Perinatol. 2021:1-7.
  • 5. Virani AK, Puls HT, Mitsos R, Longstaff H, Goldman RD, Lantos JD. Ethics rounds: benefits and risks of visitor restrictions for hospitalized children during the COVID pandemic. Pediatrics. 2020;146(2):e2020000786.
  • 6. Darcy Mahoney A, White RD, Velasquez A, Barrett TS, Clark RH, Ahmad KA. Impact of restrictions on parental presence in neonatal intensive care units related to coronavirus disease 2019. J Perinatol. 2020;40(Suppl 1):36-46.
  • 7. Murray PD, Swanson JR. Visitation restrictions: is it right and how do we support families in the NICU during COVID-19? J Perinatol. 2020;40(10):1576-81.
  • 8. Baley J. Committee on fetus and newborn. Skin-to-skin care for term and preterm infants in the neonatal ICU. Pediatrics. 2015;136:596-9.
  • 9. Turpin H, Urben S, Ansermet F, Borghini A, Murray MM, Muller-Nix C. The interplay between prematurity, maternal stress and children’s intelligence quotient at age 11: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2019;9:450.
  • 10. Conde-Agudelo A, Díaz-Rossello JL. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(8):CD002771.
  • 11. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Consulting Psychologist Press; 1970.
  • 12. Oner N, Le Compte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications; 1985.
  • 13. Dennis CL, Coghlan M, Vigod S. Can we identify mothers at-risk for postpartum anxiety in the immediate postpartum period using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory? J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):1217-20.
  • 14. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal Depression scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-6.
  • 15. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. The Turkish version of edinburgh postnatal depression scale; a study of validity and reliability Spring Symposium First Book. Ankara: Psychiatry Association Press; 1997. p. 51-52.
  • 16. Bauman BL, Ko JY, Cox S, D'Angelo Mph DV, Warner L, Folger S et al. Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression - United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(19):575-81.
  • 17. Karaçam Z, Çoban A, Akbaş B, Karabulut E. Status of postpartum depression in Turkey: A meta-analysis. Health Care Women Int. 2018;39(7):821-41.
  • 18. Norhayati MN, Hazlina NH, Asrenee AR, Emilin WM. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:34-52.
  • 19. Moreyra A, Dowtin LL, Ocampo M, Perez E, Borkovi TC, Wharton E et al. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for parental depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Early Hum Dev. 2021;154:105279.
  • 20. Kotlar B, Gerson E, Petrillo S, Langer A, Tiemeier H. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):10.
  • 21. Ashini A, Alsoufi A, Elhadi M. Parental perception of neonatal ICU visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;153(3):554-5.
  • 22. Goodman JH. Perinatal depression and infant mental health. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2019;33(3):217-24.
  • 23. Erdei C, Liu CH. The downstream effects of COVID-19: a call for supporting family wellbeing in the NICU. J Perinatol. 2020;40(9):1283-5.
  • 24. Thapa SB, Mainali A, Schwank SE, Acharya G. Maternal mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):817-8.
  • 25. Franks WLM, Crozier KE, Penhale BLM. Women's mental health during pregnancy: A participatory qualitative study. Women Birth. 2017;30(4):e179-e87.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aslı Okbay Güneş 0000-0003-4041-0648

Neslihan Atlı 0000-0002-0973-8867

Publication Date December 27, 2022
Submission Date May 29, 2022
Acceptance Date October 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 19 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Okbay Güneş A, Atlı N. Anxiety and Depression of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mothers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;19(3):524-9.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty