Yonca Silajında Kolay Çözünebilen Karbonhidrat Kaynağı Olarak Gofret Atıklarının Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, yonca silajına kolay çözünür bir karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak gofret atığının ilavesinin silaj kalitesi, fermantasyon özellikleri, in vitro organik madde sindirimi ve in vitro CH4 değerleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Taze yonca bitkisi %0 gofret atığı (Kontrol), %1 gofret atığı, %2 gofret atığı, %4 gofret atığı ve %6 gofret atığı ile 60 gün süreyle silolanmıştır. Silajların kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), asit deterjan fiber (ADF), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), in vitro organik madde sindirimi (IVOMS), metabolize olabilir enerji (ME) ve in vitro CH4 değerlerinde gruplar arasında farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Silajların IVOMS ve ME değerleri incelendiğinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla tüm katkılı gruplarda artışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Gofret atıklarının miktarına bağlı olarak silajların pH, amonyak nitrojeni (NH3-N/TN) ve karbondioksit (CO2) değerlerinde düşüş gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada en yüksek laktik asit miktarı %6 gofret atığı eklenen grupta oluşmuştur. Propiyonik asit (PA) sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Bütirik asit (BA) değerleri ise gofret atığı ilavesine bağlı olarak azalma eğilimi göstermiş ve %4 ve %6 gofret atığı ilave edilen gruplarda tespit edilememiştir. Silajların maya ve küf değerleri gofret fire oranındaki artışa paralel olarak azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak kolay eriyebilir karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak gofret atığı ilavesinin yonca silaj kalitesi ve fermantasyon özellikleri üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Acar Z, Bostan M, 2016: The effects of some natural additives on quality of alfalfa silage. Anadolu J Agr Sci, 31 (3), 433-440.
- AOAC (1990). Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC.
- Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Azrieli A, Hen Y, Horev B, 1991: A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Can Agric Eng, 34, 171-175.
- Bingöl NT, Bolat D, Karsli MA, Akça İ, 2009: Arpa hasılı ve korunga karışımı silaja farklı düzeylerde melas ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ve sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg, 4 (1), 23-30.
- Broderick GA, Kang JH, 1980: Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci, 63 (1), 64-75.
- Canbolat Ö, Yıldırım HK, Filya İ, 2013: Yonca silajlarında katkı maddesi olarak gladiçya meyvelerinin (Gleditsia Triacanthos) kullanılma olanakları. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 19 (2), 291-297.
- Chen L, Qu H, Bai S, Yan L, You M, Gou W, ... & Gao F, 2020: Effect of wet sea buckthorn pomace utilized as an additive on silage fermentation profile and bacterial community composition of alfalfa. Bioresour Technol, 314, 123773.
- Cheng Q, Chen L, Chen Y, Li P, & Chen C, 2022: Effects of LAB inoculants on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of oat silage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microorganisms, 10 (4), 787.
- Denek N, Can A, Avci M, Aksu T, Durmaz H, 2011: The effect of molasses‐based pre‐fermented juice on the fermentation quality of first‐cut lucerne silage. Grass Forage Sci, 66 (2), 243-250.
- de Oliveira NC, de Pinho Costa KA, Rodrigues LG, Silva ACG, Costa JVCP, Silva SÁA, ... & de Lima Vieira M, 2021: Fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage with Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42 (3Supl1), 1923-1940.
- Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, Weinberg ZG, 2000: The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 88 (1-2), 39-46.
- Gao R, Wang B, Jia T, Luo Y, Yu Z, 2021: Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture, 11 (1), 58.
- Kamalak A, Özoğul F, Çalışlar S, Canbolat Ö, 2012: Silaj katkı maddesi olarak tanen ekstratının (Artutan) yonca silajının kalite özellikleri ile koyunlarda yem tüketimi sindirim derecesi ve rumen fermantasyonu üzerine etkisi. Tubitak Project Number: 110O397.
- Karabulut A, Filya İ, 2007: Yemler bilgisi ve yem teknolojisi. 4th ed., Uludağ Üniv Zir Fak Ders Notları, Bursa, Türkiye.
- Ke WC, Ding WR, Xu DM, Ding LM, Zhang P, Li FD, Guo XS, 2017: Effects of addition of malic or citric acids on fermentation quality and chemical characteristics of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci, 100 (11), 8958-8966.
- Koç F, Aksoy SO, Okur AA, Celikyurt G, Korucu D, Ozduven ML, 2017: Effect of pre-fermented juice, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of high dry matter alfalfa bale silage. J Anim Plant Sci, 27 (6), 1766-1773.
- König W 2020: Effects of ensilability traits of forage legumes and additives on silage quality assessed by fermentation pattern and qPCR quantification of clostridia. Doctoral Dissertation, Doctoral School in Environmental, Food and Biological Sciences, Helsinki.
- McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE, 1991: The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed., Chalcombe Publ., Edinburgh, UK.
- Menke KH, Steingass H, 1988: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev, 28, 7–55.
- Okuyucu B, Özdüven ML, Koç F, 2018: Farklı Düzeylerde Laktik Asit Bakterileri ile Enzim İlavesinin Yaş Bira Posası Silajlarında Fermantasyon, Aerobik Stabilite ve in vitro Sindirim Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri J Agric Sci, 33 (2), 145-151.
- Playne MJ, McDonald P, 1966: The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. J Sci Food Agric, 17 (6), 264-268.
- SPSS Inc, 1991: SPSS statistical algorithms. SPSS Incorporated.
- Suzuki M, Lund CW, 1980: Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem, 28 (5), 1040-1041.
- Şakalar B, Kamalak A, 2016: Melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posasının yonca bitkisinin silolanmasında kullanılması. Anadolu J Agr Sci, 31 (1), 157-164.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991: Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- Wang M, Gao R, Franco M, Hannaway DB, Ke W, Ding Z, ... & Guo X, 2021: Effect of mixing alfalfa with whole-plant corn in different proportions on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of silage. Agriculture, 11 (2), 174.
- Yakışır BÖ, 2018: Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Van YYÜ Sag Bil Enst, Van.
- Yakışır BÖ, Aksu T, 2019: The effect of different levels of molasses’s dried sugar beet pulp on the quality of alfalfa silage. Van Vet J, 30 (2), 71-76
Abstract
This study examined the addition of wafer waste as a readily soluble carbohydrate source to alfalfa silage for its impact on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, in vitro organic matter digestion, and in vitro CH4 values. Fresh alfalfa was ensiled with 0% wafer waste (Control), 1% wafer waste, 2% wafer waste, 4% wafer waste, and 6% wafer waste for 60 days. The differences between the groups in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), metabolizable energy (ME), in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD), and in vitro CH4 values of silages were found to be statistically significant. In comparison to the control group, increases in IVOMD and ME values were seen in all additive-containing groups. Depending on the quantity of wafer waste, the pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/TN), and carbon dioxide (CO2) values of the silages declined. In the study, the highest amount of lactic acid occurred in the group with 6% wafer waste added. Propionic acid (PA) was detected only in the control group. Butyric acid (BA) values tended to decrease depending on the addition of wafer waste and were not found in the groups to which 4% and 6% wafer waste addition. Yeast and mold values of the silages decreased in parallel with the increase in the wafer waste rate. As a result, it was determined that adding wafer waste as an easily soluble carbohydrate source positively affected alfalfa silage quality and fermentation characteristics.
Keywords
References
- Acar Z, Bostan M, 2016: The effects of some natural additives on quality of alfalfa silage. Anadolu J Agr Sci, 31 (3), 433-440.
- AOAC (1990). Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC.
- Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Azrieli A, Hen Y, Horev B, 1991: A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Can Agric Eng, 34, 171-175.
- Bingöl NT, Bolat D, Karsli MA, Akça İ, 2009: Arpa hasılı ve korunga karışımı silaja farklı düzeylerde melas ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ve sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg, 4 (1), 23-30.
- Broderick GA, Kang JH, 1980: Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci, 63 (1), 64-75.
- Canbolat Ö, Yıldırım HK, Filya İ, 2013: Yonca silajlarında katkı maddesi olarak gladiçya meyvelerinin (Gleditsia Triacanthos) kullanılma olanakları. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 19 (2), 291-297.
- Chen L, Qu H, Bai S, Yan L, You M, Gou W, ... & Gao F, 2020: Effect of wet sea buckthorn pomace utilized as an additive on silage fermentation profile and bacterial community composition of alfalfa. Bioresour Technol, 314, 123773.
- Cheng Q, Chen L, Chen Y, Li P, & Chen C, 2022: Effects of LAB inoculants on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of oat silage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microorganisms, 10 (4), 787.
- Denek N, Can A, Avci M, Aksu T, Durmaz H, 2011: The effect of molasses‐based pre‐fermented juice on the fermentation quality of first‐cut lucerne silage. Grass Forage Sci, 66 (2), 243-250.
- de Oliveira NC, de Pinho Costa KA, Rodrigues LG, Silva ACG, Costa JVCP, Silva SÁA, ... & de Lima Vieira M, 2021: Fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage with Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42 (3Supl1), 1923-1940.
- Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, Weinberg ZG, 2000: The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 88 (1-2), 39-46.
- Gao R, Wang B, Jia T, Luo Y, Yu Z, 2021: Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture, 11 (1), 58.
- Kamalak A, Özoğul F, Çalışlar S, Canbolat Ö, 2012: Silaj katkı maddesi olarak tanen ekstratının (Artutan) yonca silajının kalite özellikleri ile koyunlarda yem tüketimi sindirim derecesi ve rumen fermantasyonu üzerine etkisi. Tubitak Project Number: 110O397.
- Karabulut A, Filya İ, 2007: Yemler bilgisi ve yem teknolojisi. 4th ed., Uludağ Üniv Zir Fak Ders Notları, Bursa, Türkiye.
- Ke WC, Ding WR, Xu DM, Ding LM, Zhang P, Li FD, Guo XS, 2017: Effects of addition of malic or citric acids on fermentation quality and chemical characteristics of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci, 100 (11), 8958-8966.
- Koç F, Aksoy SO, Okur AA, Celikyurt G, Korucu D, Ozduven ML, 2017: Effect of pre-fermented juice, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of high dry matter alfalfa bale silage. J Anim Plant Sci, 27 (6), 1766-1773.
- König W 2020: Effects of ensilability traits of forage legumes and additives on silage quality assessed by fermentation pattern and qPCR quantification of clostridia. Doctoral Dissertation, Doctoral School in Environmental, Food and Biological Sciences, Helsinki.
- McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE, 1991: The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed., Chalcombe Publ., Edinburgh, UK.
- Menke KH, Steingass H, 1988: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev, 28, 7–55.
- Okuyucu B, Özdüven ML, Koç F, 2018: Farklı Düzeylerde Laktik Asit Bakterileri ile Enzim İlavesinin Yaş Bira Posası Silajlarında Fermantasyon, Aerobik Stabilite ve in vitro Sindirim Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri J Agric Sci, 33 (2), 145-151.
- Playne MJ, McDonald P, 1966: The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. J Sci Food Agric, 17 (6), 264-268.
- SPSS Inc, 1991: SPSS statistical algorithms. SPSS Incorporated.
- Suzuki M, Lund CW, 1980: Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem, 28 (5), 1040-1041.
- Şakalar B, Kamalak A, 2016: Melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posasının yonca bitkisinin silolanmasında kullanılması. Anadolu J Agr Sci, 31 (1), 157-164.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991: Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- Wang M, Gao R, Franco M, Hannaway DB, Ke W, Ding Z, ... & Guo X, 2021: Effect of mixing alfalfa with whole-plant corn in different proportions on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of silage. Agriculture, 11 (2), 174.
- Yakışır BÖ, 2018: Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Van YYÜ Sag Bil Enst, Van.
- Yakışır BÖ, Aksu T, 2019: The effect of different levels of molasses’s dried sugar beet pulp on the quality of alfalfa silage. Van Vet J, 30 (2), 71-76
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Animal Nutrition, Zootechny (Other), Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 22, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 22, 2023 |
| Submission Date | March 7, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | March 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |
