Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 8 - 17, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1201745

Abstract

References

  • Akinoğlu, B., Kocahan, T., Ünüvar, E., Eroğlu, İ., & Hasanoğlu, A. (2020). Investigation of the Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Sit-Reach Flexibility in Athletes. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(1).
  • Alonso, A. C., Ribeiro, S. M., Luna, N. M. S., Peterson, M. D., Bocalini, D. S., Serra, M. M., Brech, G. C., Greve, J. M. D. A., & Garcez-Leme, L. E. (2018). Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults. PLoS One, 13(6), e0198185.
  • Barrett, C., & Smerdely, P. (2002). A comparison of community-based resistance exercise and flexibility exercise for seniors. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 48(3), 215-219.
  • Binda, S. M., Culham, E. G., & Brouwer, B. (2003). Balance, muscle strength, and fear of falling in older adults. Experimental aging research, 29(2), 205-219.
  • Bok, S.-K., Lee, T. H., & Lee, S. S. (2013). The effects of changes of ankle strength and range of motion according to aging on balance. Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 37(1), 10-16.
  • Bressel, E., Yonker, J. C., Kras, J., & Heath, E. M. (2007). Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of athletic training, 42(1), 42.
  • Cebolla, E. C., Rodacki, A. L., & Bento, P. C. (2015). Balance, gait, functionality and strength: comparison between elderly fallers and non-fallers. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 19, 146-151.
  • Costa, P. B., Graves, B. S., Whitehurst, M., & Jacobs, P. L. (2009). The acute effects of different durations of static stretching on dynamic balance performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 141-147.
  • de Almeida Silva, N., de Menezes, T. N., de Melo, R. L. P., & Pedraza, D. F. (2013). Handgrip strength and flexibility and their association with anthropometric variables in the elderly. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition), 59(2), 128-135.
  • Delbaere, K., Crombez, G., Vanderstraeten, G., Willems, T., & Cambier, D. (2004). Fear-related avoidance of activities, falls and physical frailty. A prospective community-based cohort study. Age and ageing, 33(4), 368-373.
  • Duncan, P. W., Weiner, D. K., Chandler, J., & Studenski, S. (1990). Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. Journal of gerontology, 45(6), 192-197.
  • Eika, F., Blomkvist, A. W., Rahbek, M. T., Eikhof, K. D., Hansen, M. D., Søndergaard, M., Ryg, J., Andersen, S., & Jorgensen, M. (2019). Reference data on hand grip and lower limb strength using the Nintendo Wii balance board: a cross-sectional study of 354 subjects from 20 to 99 years of age. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20(1), 1-10.
  • Fragala, M. S., Alley, D. E., Shardell, M. D., Harris, T. B., McLean, R. R., Kiel, D. P., Cawthon, P. M., Dam, T. T. L., Ferrucci, L., & Guralnik, J. M. (2016). Comparison of handgrip and leg extension strength in predicting slow gait speed in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), 144-150.
  • Fujita, K., Kaburagi, H., Nimura, A., Miyamoto, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Seki, Y., Aoyama, H., Shimura, H., Kato, R., & Okawa, A. (2019). Lower grip strength and dynamic body balance in women with distal radial fractures. Osteoporosis International, 30(5), 949-956.
  • Gatev, P., Thomas, S., Kepple, T., & Hallett, M. (1999). Feedforward ankle strategy of balance during quiet stance in adults. The Journal of physiology, 514(3), 915-928.
  • Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). The validity and reliability of the standardized mini mental test in the diagnosis of mild dementia in the Turkish population. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 13(4), 273-281.
  • Han, M.-J., Yuk, G.-C., Gak, H., Suh, S.-R., & Kim, S.-G. (2014). Acute effects of 5 min of plantar flexor static stretching on balance and gait in the elderly. Journal of physical therapy science, 26(1), 131-133.
  • Horak, F. B. (1987). Clinical measurement of postural control in adults. Physical therapy, 67(12), 1881-1885.
  • Hughes, V. A., Roubenoff, R., Wood, M., Frontera, W. R., Evans, W. J., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2004). Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 80(2), 475-482.
  • Jones, C. J., Rikli, R. E., & Beam, W. C. (1999). A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 70(2), 113-119.
  • Kilgour, R., Vigano, A., Trutschnigg, B., Lucar, E., Borod, M., & Morais, J. (2013). Handgrip strength predicts survival and is associated with markers of clinical and functional outcomes in advanced cancer patients. Supportive care in cancer, 21(12), 3261-3270.
  • Kim, S.-G., & Kim, W.-S. (2018). Effect of ankle range of motion (ROM) and lower-extremity muscle strength on static balance control ability in young adults: a regression analysis. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 24, 3168.
  • Kligyte, I., Lundy-Ekman, L., & Medeiros, J. M. (2003). Relationship between lower extremity muscle strength and dynamic balance in people post-stroke. Medicina (Kaunas), 39(2), 122-128.
  • Laughton, C. A., Slavin, M., Katdare, K., Nolan, L., Bean, J. F., Kerrigan, D. C., Phillips, E., Lipsitz, L. A., & Collins, J. J. (2003). Aging, muscle activity, and balance control: physiologic changes associated with balance impairment. Gait & posture, 18(2), 101-108.
  • Lord, S. (1991). Clark RD, and Webster IW. Postural stability and associated physiological factors in a population of aged persons. J Gerontol, 46, 69-76.
  • McRoberts, L. B., Cloud, R. M., & Black, C. M. (2013). Evaluation of the New York Posture Rating Chart for assessing changes in postural alignment in a garment study. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 31(2), 81-96.
  • Muehlbauer, T., Besemer, C., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2012). Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology, 58(6), 504-512.
  • Neri, S. G., Lima, R. M., Ribeiro, H. S., & Vainshelboim, B. (2021). Poor handgrip strength determined clinically is associated with falls in older women. Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls, 6(2), 43.
  • Norman, K., Stobäus, N., Smoliner, C., Zocher, D., Scheufele, R., Valentini, L., Lochs, H., & Pirlich, M. (2010). Determinants of hand grip strength, knee extension strength and functional status in cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition, 29(5), 586-591.
  • Overmoyer, G. V., & Reiser, R. F. (2015). Relationships between lower-extremity flexibility, asymmetries, and the Y balance test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1240-1247.
  • Pijnappels, M., van der Burg, P. J., Reeves, N. D., & van Dieën, J. H. (2008). Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength measures. European journal of applied physiology, 102(5), 585-592.
  • Shumway-Cook, A. (2001). Normal postural control. Motor control: Theory and practical applications.
  • Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (1995). Theory and practical applications. Motor Control.
  • Stel, V. S., Pluijm, S. M., Deeg, D. J., Smit, J. H., Bouter, L. M., & Lips, P. (2003). A classification tree for predicting recurrent falling in community‐dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(10), 1356-1364.
  • Sweet, T. W., Foster, C., McGuigan, M. R., & Brice, G. (2004). Quantitation of resistance training using the session rating of perceived exertion method. The journal of strength & conditioning research, 18(4), 796-802.
  • Torpi, H. K. (2018). The effect of lower extremity muscle strenght on balance, functional capacity, kinesiophobia and quality of life in elderly.
  • Trombetti, A., Reid, K., Hars, M., Herrmann, F., Pasha, E., Phillips, E., & Fielding, R. (2016). Age-associated declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance: impact on fear of falling and quality of life. Osteoporosis international, 27(2), 463-471.
  • Ulus, Y., Durmus, D., Akyol, Y., Terzi, Y., Bilgici, A., & Kuru, O. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in community-dwelling older persons. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 54(3), 429-433.
  • Vermeulen, J., Neyens, J. C., Spreeuwenberg, M. D., van Rossum, E., Hewson, D. J., & de Witte, L. P. (2015). Measuring grip strength in older adults: comparing the grip-ball with the Jamar dynamometer. Journal of geriatric physical therapy, 38(3), 148-153.
  • Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med prog technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
  • Wiśniowska-Szurlej, A., Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A., Wołoszyn, N., Sozański, B., & Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, A. (2019). Association between handgrip strength, mobility, leg strength, flexibility, and postural balance in older adults under long-term care facilities. BioMed Research International, 2019.
  • Yardimci, B., Akdeniz, M., & Demir, T. (2021). The correlation between fear of falling and upper extremity muscle strength. Saudi Medical Journal, 42(4), 411.
  • Yee, X. S., Ng, Y. S., Allen, J. C., Latib, A., Tay, E. L., Abu Bakar, H. M., Ho, C. Y. J., Koh, W. C. C., Kwek, H. H. T., & Tay, L. (2021). Performance on sit-to-stand tests in relationto measures of functional fitness and sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 18(1), 1-11.
  • Yeung, S. S., Reijnierse, E. M., Trappenburg, M. C., Hogrel, J.-Y., McPhee, J. S., Piasecki, M., Sipila, S., Salpakoski, A., Butler-Browne, G., & Pääsuke, M. (2018). Handgrip strength cannot be assumed a proxy for overall muscle strength. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(8), 703-709.
  • Yıldırım, N. Ü., Özengil, N., Özdemir, Ö. Ç., & Gökdoğan, F. (2011). The relationship between functionality, performance and reaction time and quality of life in elderly individuals. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics.

The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 8 - 17, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1201745

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between posture, fall risk, balance, strength, and functional parameters in healthy adults with exercise habits. In our study, 45 individuals over 55 years of age who came to Denizli province 1200 Asmalı Evler Healthy Aging Center were included. The quadriceps, hamstring, and hand grip strengths of the participants were measured with a dynamometer. Their balance was assessed with the functional reach test, their posture with the New York Posture Rating Chart, their fear of falling with the fall effectiveness scale (FES-1), their functionality with the 30-second sit-stand test, and their flexibility with the sit and reach test. According to the correlation analysis, moderate and high levels of significant positive correlation between hamstring strength and hand grip strength; A weak to moderate positive correlation was found between quadriceps strength and hand grip strength and functional reach test. A moderately significant negative correlation was found between quadriceps strength (right), functional reaching test and fall activity scale and sit and reach test, between quadriceps strength (left) and functional reaching test, waist/hip ratio, and New York Posture Rating Chart (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between other parameters (p>0.05). These results support that hand grip strength is a valid method for estimating lower extremity strength among healthy adults at the group level. However, there is a weak relationship between balance and hand grip strength.

References

  • Akinoğlu, B., Kocahan, T., Ünüvar, E., Eroğlu, İ., & Hasanoğlu, A. (2020). Investigation of the Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Sit-Reach Flexibility in Athletes. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(1).
  • Alonso, A. C., Ribeiro, S. M., Luna, N. M. S., Peterson, M. D., Bocalini, D. S., Serra, M. M., Brech, G. C., Greve, J. M. D. A., & Garcez-Leme, L. E. (2018). Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults. PLoS One, 13(6), e0198185.
  • Barrett, C., & Smerdely, P. (2002). A comparison of community-based resistance exercise and flexibility exercise for seniors. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 48(3), 215-219.
  • Binda, S. M., Culham, E. G., & Brouwer, B. (2003). Balance, muscle strength, and fear of falling in older adults. Experimental aging research, 29(2), 205-219.
  • Bok, S.-K., Lee, T. H., & Lee, S. S. (2013). The effects of changes of ankle strength and range of motion according to aging on balance. Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 37(1), 10-16.
  • Bressel, E., Yonker, J. C., Kras, J., & Heath, E. M. (2007). Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of athletic training, 42(1), 42.
  • Cebolla, E. C., Rodacki, A. L., & Bento, P. C. (2015). Balance, gait, functionality and strength: comparison between elderly fallers and non-fallers. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 19, 146-151.
  • Costa, P. B., Graves, B. S., Whitehurst, M., & Jacobs, P. L. (2009). The acute effects of different durations of static stretching on dynamic balance performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 141-147.
  • de Almeida Silva, N., de Menezes, T. N., de Melo, R. L. P., & Pedraza, D. F. (2013). Handgrip strength and flexibility and their association with anthropometric variables in the elderly. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition), 59(2), 128-135.
  • Delbaere, K., Crombez, G., Vanderstraeten, G., Willems, T., & Cambier, D. (2004). Fear-related avoidance of activities, falls and physical frailty. A prospective community-based cohort study. Age and ageing, 33(4), 368-373.
  • Duncan, P. W., Weiner, D. K., Chandler, J., & Studenski, S. (1990). Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. Journal of gerontology, 45(6), 192-197.
  • Eika, F., Blomkvist, A. W., Rahbek, M. T., Eikhof, K. D., Hansen, M. D., Søndergaard, M., Ryg, J., Andersen, S., & Jorgensen, M. (2019). Reference data on hand grip and lower limb strength using the Nintendo Wii balance board: a cross-sectional study of 354 subjects from 20 to 99 years of age. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20(1), 1-10.
  • Fragala, M. S., Alley, D. E., Shardell, M. D., Harris, T. B., McLean, R. R., Kiel, D. P., Cawthon, P. M., Dam, T. T. L., Ferrucci, L., & Guralnik, J. M. (2016). Comparison of handgrip and leg extension strength in predicting slow gait speed in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), 144-150.
  • Fujita, K., Kaburagi, H., Nimura, A., Miyamoto, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Seki, Y., Aoyama, H., Shimura, H., Kato, R., & Okawa, A. (2019). Lower grip strength and dynamic body balance in women with distal radial fractures. Osteoporosis International, 30(5), 949-956.
  • Gatev, P., Thomas, S., Kepple, T., & Hallett, M. (1999). Feedforward ankle strategy of balance during quiet stance in adults. The Journal of physiology, 514(3), 915-928.
  • Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). The validity and reliability of the standardized mini mental test in the diagnosis of mild dementia in the Turkish population. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 13(4), 273-281.
  • Han, M.-J., Yuk, G.-C., Gak, H., Suh, S.-R., & Kim, S.-G. (2014). Acute effects of 5 min of plantar flexor static stretching on balance and gait in the elderly. Journal of physical therapy science, 26(1), 131-133.
  • Horak, F. B. (1987). Clinical measurement of postural control in adults. Physical therapy, 67(12), 1881-1885.
  • Hughes, V. A., Roubenoff, R., Wood, M., Frontera, W. R., Evans, W. J., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2004). Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 80(2), 475-482.
  • Jones, C. J., Rikli, R. E., & Beam, W. C. (1999). A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 70(2), 113-119.
  • Kilgour, R., Vigano, A., Trutschnigg, B., Lucar, E., Borod, M., & Morais, J. (2013). Handgrip strength predicts survival and is associated with markers of clinical and functional outcomes in advanced cancer patients. Supportive care in cancer, 21(12), 3261-3270.
  • Kim, S.-G., & Kim, W.-S. (2018). Effect of ankle range of motion (ROM) and lower-extremity muscle strength on static balance control ability in young adults: a regression analysis. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 24, 3168.
  • Kligyte, I., Lundy-Ekman, L., & Medeiros, J. M. (2003). Relationship between lower extremity muscle strength and dynamic balance in people post-stroke. Medicina (Kaunas), 39(2), 122-128.
  • Laughton, C. A., Slavin, M., Katdare, K., Nolan, L., Bean, J. F., Kerrigan, D. C., Phillips, E., Lipsitz, L. A., & Collins, J. J. (2003). Aging, muscle activity, and balance control: physiologic changes associated with balance impairment. Gait & posture, 18(2), 101-108.
  • Lord, S. (1991). Clark RD, and Webster IW. Postural stability and associated physiological factors in a population of aged persons. J Gerontol, 46, 69-76.
  • McRoberts, L. B., Cloud, R. M., & Black, C. M. (2013). Evaluation of the New York Posture Rating Chart for assessing changes in postural alignment in a garment study. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 31(2), 81-96.
  • Muehlbauer, T., Besemer, C., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2012). Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology, 58(6), 504-512.
  • Neri, S. G., Lima, R. M., Ribeiro, H. S., & Vainshelboim, B. (2021). Poor handgrip strength determined clinically is associated with falls in older women. Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls, 6(2), 43.
  • Norman, K., Stobäus, N., Smoliner, C., Zocher, D., Scheufele, R., Valentini, L., Lochs, H., & Pirlich, M. (2010). Determinants of hand grip strength, knee extension strength and functional status in cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition, 29(5), 586-591.
  • Overmoyer, G. V., & Reiser, R. F. (2015). Relationships between lower-extremity flexibility, asymmetries, and the Y balance test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1240-1247.
  • Pijnappels, M., van der Burg, P. J., Reeves, N. D., & van Dieën, J. H. (2008). Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength measures. European journal of applied physiology, 102(5), 585-592.
  • Shumway-Cook, A. (2001). Normal postural control. Motor control: Theory and practical applications.
  • Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (1995). Theory and practical applications. Motor Control.
  • Stel, V. S., Pluijm, S. M., Deeg, D. J., Smit, J. H., Bouter, L. M., & Lips, P. (2003). A classification tree for predicting recurrent falling in community‐dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(10), 1356-1364.
  • Sweet, T. W., Foster, C., McGuigan, M. R., & Brice, G. (2004). Quantitation of resistance training using the session rating of perceived exertion method. The journal of strength & conditioning research, 18(4), 796-802.
  • Torpi, H. K. (2018). The effect of lower extremity muscle strenght on balance, functional capacity, kinesiophobia and quality of life in elderly.
  • Trombetti, A., Reid, K., Hars, M., Herrmann, F., Pasha, E., Phillips, E., & Fielding, R. (2016). Age-associated declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance: impact on fear of falling and quality of life. Osteoporosis international, 27(2), 463-471.
  • Ulus, Y., Durmus, D., Akyol, Y., Terzi, Y., Bilgici, A., & Kuru, O. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in community-dwelling older persons. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 54(3), 429-433.
  • Vermeulen, J., Neyens, J. C., Spreeuwenberg, M. D., van Rossum, E., Hewson, D. J., & de Witte, L. P. (2015). Measuring grip strength in older adults: comparing the grip-ball with the Jamar dynamometer. Journal of geriatric physical therapy, 38(3), 148-153.
  • Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med prog technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
  • Wiśniowska-Szurlej, A., Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A., Wołoszyn, N., Sozański, B., & Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, A. (2019). Association between handgrip strength, mobility, leg strength, flexibility, and postural balance in older adults under long-term care facilities. BioMed Research International, 2019.
  • Yardimci, B., Akdeniz, M., & Demir, T. (2021). The correlation between fear of falling and upper extremity muscle strength. Saudi Medical Journal, 42(4), 411.
  • Yee, X. S., Ng, Y. S., Allen, J. C., Latib, A., Tay, E. L., Abu Bakar, H. M., Ho, C. Y. J., Koh, W. C. C., Kwek, H. H. T., & Tay, L. (2021). Performance on sit-to-stand tests in relationto measures of functional fitness and sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 18(1), 1-11.
  • Yeung, S. S., Reijnierse, E. M., Trappenburg, M. C., Hogrel, J.-Y., McPhee, J. S., Piasecki, M., Sipila, S., Salpakoski, A., Butler-Browne, G., & Pääsuke, M. (2018). Handgrip strength cannot be assumed a proxy for overall muscle strength. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(8), 703-709.
  • Yıldırım, N. Ü., Özengil, N., Özdemir, Ö. Ç., & Gökdoğan, F. (2011). The relationship between functionality, performance and reaction time and quality of life in elderly individuals. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine, Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Abdulkadir Ertürk 0000-0002-9546-6887

Büşra Nur Orhan 0000-0003-3821-6985

Sümeyye Özge Malkoç 0000-0002-2287-1566

Ebru Tekin 0000-0002-6984-1110

Fatma Ünver 0000-0002-3100-0818

Early Pub Date February 9, 2023
Publication Date February 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ertürk, A., Orhan, B. N., Malkoç, S. Ö., Tekin, E., et al. (2023). The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1201745
AMA Ertürk A, Orhan BN, Malkoç SÖ, Tekin E, Ünver F. The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. February 2023;6(1):8-17. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1201745
Chicago Ertürk, Abdulkadir, Büşra Nur Orhan, Sümeyye Özge Malkoç, Ebru Tekin, and Fatma Ünver. “The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 2023): 8-17. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1201745.
EndNote Ertürk A, Orhan BN, Malkoç SÖ, Tekin E, Ünver F (February 1, 2023) The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 1 8–17.
IEEE A. Ertürk, B. N. Orhan, S. Ö. Malkoç, E. Tekin, and F. Ünver, “The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 8–17, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1201745.
ISNAD Ertürk, Abdulkadir et al. “The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/1 (February 2023), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1201745.
JAMA Ertürk A, Orhan BN, Malkoç SÖ, Tekin E, Ünver F. The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:8–17.
MLA Ertürk, Abdulkadir et al. “The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 8-17, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1201745.
Vancouver Ertürk A, Orhan BN, Malkoç SÖ, Tekin E, Ünver F. The Relationship Between Fall Risk, Balance, Posture, Strength, and Functional Parameters In Healthy Adults. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(1):8-17.

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