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Sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları: Cinsiyetin etkisi

Year 2012, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 9 - 16, 27.03.2012

Meral Kelleci , Zehra Gölbaşı Sevil İnal Önder Kavakcı

Abstract

Özet

Amaç. Bu çalışmada sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem. Çalışma bir üniversitede öğrenim gören öğrenciler ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini bu üniversitenin çeşitli bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 965 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Bilgi Formu” ve “Stresle Başa Çıkma Yolları Envanteri” (SBÇT) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde student t testi, ki kare testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular. Araştırmada üniversite öğrencileri arasında sigara kullanma yaygınlığı %39,8 olarak bulundu (erkeklerin %50,7’si ve kadınların %24,9’u). Öğrencilerin sigaraya başlama nedenleri arasında arkadaş etkisi, stresle başa çıkma, merak ve sosyal kabul görme yer aldı. Erkeklerde sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan bireylerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları puan ortalaması benzer iken, kızlarda SBÇT ölçeğinin boyun eğici yaklaşım alt boyutu puan ortalaması sigara kullananlarda, sosyal destek arama yaklaşımı alt boyutu puan ortalaması ise sigara kullanmayanlarda anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p<o.o5). Sonuç. Sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan erkeklerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları benzerdir. Kızlarda, sigara içenler sigara içmeyenlere göre boyun eğici yaklaşımı daha fazla, sosyal destek arama yaklaşımını ise daha az kullanmaktadır.

Anahtar sözcükler: Üniversite öğrencileri, sigara kullanımı, stresle başa çıkma tarzı, cinsiyet farklılıkları

 

Abstract

Aim. This study aimed to investigate the coping strategies of smoker and non-smoker university students against stress by means of gender. Methods. The study was conducted among university students. 965 university students were included in the study who studied in various departments. Data were collected by using an "Information Form" and “The Ways of Coping Inventory”. For the analysis of data, Student t test, chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used. Results. In this study; smoking prevalence among university students was found to be  39.8% (50.7% of men and 24.9% of women). The reasons for starting smoking among students were friends’ influence, to cope with stress, curiosity, and social acceptance. Men’s scores of coping styles among smokers and nonsmokers were similar whereas women who smoke showed higher scores on the subscale of submissive approach and lower scores on the social support subscale compared to nonsmokers. Conclusion. Men who smoke and men who do not smoke showed similar strategies of coping with stress. Smokers among women compared with non-smokers used a more a submissive approach and sought less social support as a strategy for coping with stress.

Keywords: University students, smoking, strategies for coping with stress, gender differences

Keywords

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References

  • WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008 - The MPOWER package, http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_youth_data_2008.pdf. (accessed on March 02, 2012). 2. World Health Organization. Health Education (2009). Avaible at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/en/atlas33.pdf, Accessed: December 2009. (accessed on March 02, 2012).
  • Ergüder T, Soydal T, Ugurlu M, Çakır B, Warren CW. Tobacco use among youth and related characteristics, Turkey. Soz Praventivmed 2006; 51: 91-8.
  • Peto R, Lopez AD. The future worldwide health effects of current smoking patterns. In Tobacco: science, policy and public health. New York: Oxford University Press.2004.
  • Backinger CL, McDonald P, Ossip-Klein DJ, Colby SM, Maule CO, Fagan P, Husten C, Colwell B. Improving the future of youth smoking cessation. Am J Health Behav 2003; 27 Suppl 2: S170-84.
  • Mermelstein R, Colby SM, Patten C, Prokhorov A, Brown R, Myers M, Adelman W, Hudmon K, McDonald P. Methodological issues in measuring treatment outcome in adolescent smoking cessation studies. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2002; 4: 395-403.
  • Haddad LG, Malak MZ. Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Nurs Stud 2002; 39: 793-802.
  • Flay BR, Hu FB, Richardson J. Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Prev Med 1998; 27: 9-18.
  • Van den Bree MB, Whitmer MD, Pickworth WB. Predictors of smoking development in a population-based sample of adolescents: a prospective study. J Adolesc Health 2004; 35:172-81.
  • Charlton A, Blair V. Predicting the onset of smoking in boys and girls. Soc Sci Med 1989; 29: 813-8.
  • O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, Renaud L, Sanchez Gomez L. One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods. Tob Control 1998; 7: 268- 75.
  • Tyas SL, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tob Control 1998; 7: 409-20.
  • Goodman E, Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 748-55.
  • Breslau N, Kilbey MM, Andreski P. Nicotine dependence and major depression. New evidence from a prospective investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 3-5.
  • Goodyer I, Kolvin I, Gatzanis S. Recent undesirable life events and psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147: 517-23.
  • Koval JJ, Pederson LL. Stress-coping and other psychosocial risk factors: a model for smoking in grade 6 students. Addictive Behaviors 1999; 24: 207-18.
  • Koval JJ, Pederson LL, Mills CA, McGrady GA, Carvajal SC. Models of the relationship of stress, depression, and other psychosocial factors to smoking behavior: a comparison of a cohort of students in grades 6 and 8. Prev Med 2000; 30: 463-77.
  • Kassel JD, Stroud LR, Paronis CA. Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychological Bulletin 2003; 129: 270-304.
  • Parrot AC. Does cigarette smoking cause stress? Am Psychol 1999; 54: 817-20.
  • Siqueira L, Diab M, Bodian C, Rolnitzky L. Adolescents Becoming Smokers: The Roles of Stress and Coping Methods. J Adolescent Health 2000; 27: 399- 408.
  • Liu X. Cigarette Smoking, Life Stress, and Behavioral Problems in Chinese Adolescents. J Adolescent Health 2003; 33: 189-92.
  • Sussman S, Brannon BR, Dent CW, Hansen WB, Johnson CA, Flay BR. Relations of coping effort, coping strategies, perceived stress, and cigarette smoking among adolescents. Int J Addict 1993; 28: 599-612.
  • Naquin MR, Gilbert GG.College students’ smoking behavior, perceived stress, and coping styles. J Drug Educ 1996; 26: 367-76.
  • Çalışkan D, Çulha G, Sarışen O, Karpuzoğlu S. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrenci ve çalışanlarının sigara içme durumu ve etkili fakörler. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2005; 58: 124-31.
  • Ceylan E, Yanık M, Gencer M. Harran Üniversitesi'ne kayıt yaptıran ögrencilerin sigaraya karşı tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler. Toraks Dergisi 2005; 6: 144-50.
  • Şahin NH, Durak A. Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlaması. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi 1995; 10: 57-70.
  • Rudatsikira E, Abdo A, Muula AS. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 176.
  • Hoving C, Reubsaet A, Vries H. Predictors of smoking stage transitions for adolescent boys and girls. Preventive Medicine 2007; 44: 485-9.
  • Wang MQ, Fitzhugh EC, Green BL, Turner LW, Eddy JM, Westerfield RC. Prospective Social-Psychological Factors of Adolescent Smoking Progression. J Adolescent Health 1999; 24: 2-9.
  • Davis KC, Nonnemaker JM, Farrelly MC. Association Between National Smoking Prevention Campaigns and Perceived Smoking Prevalence Among Youth in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2007; 41: 430-6.
  • Onal AE, Tumerdem Y, Ozel S. Smoking addiction among university students in Istanbul. Addiction Biology 2002; 7: 397-402.
  • Tilleczek KC, Hine DW.The meaning of smoking as health and social risk in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence 2006; 29: 273-87.
  • McArdle P, Wiegersma A, Gilvarry E, Kolte B, McCarthy S, Fitzgerald M, Brinkley A, Blom M, Stoeckel I, Pierolini A, Michels I, Johnson R, Quensel S. European adolescent substance use: the roles of family structure, function and gender. Addiction 1997; 97: 329-36.
  • McKee SA, Maciejewski PK, Falba T, Mazure CM. Sex differences in the effects of stressful life events on changes in smoking status. Addiction 1998; 98: 847-55.

Orijinal araştırma-Original research Sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları: Cinsiyetin etkisi

Year 2012, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 9 - 16, 27.03.2012

Meral Kelleci , Zehra Gölbaşı Sevil İnal Önder Kavakcı

Abstract

Amaç. Bu çalışmada sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem. Çalışma bir üniversitede öğrenim gören öğrenciler ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini bu üniversitenin çeşitli bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 965 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Bilgi Formu” ve “Stresle Başa Çıkma Yolları Envanteri” (SBÇT) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde student t testi, ki kare testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular. Araştırmada üniversite öğrencileri arasında sigara kullanma yaygınlığı %39,8 olarak bulundu (erkeklerin %50,7’si ve kadınların %24,9’u). Öğrencilerin sigaraya başlama nedenleri arasında arkadaş etkisi, stresle başa çıkma, merak ve sosyal kabul görme yer aldı. Erkeklerde sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan bireylerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları puan ortalaması benzer iken, kızlarda SBÇT ölçeğinin boyun eğici yaklaşım alt boyutu puan ortalaması sigara kullananlarda, sosyal destek arama yaklaşımı alt boyutu puan ortalaması ise sigara kullanmayanlarda anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p

Keywords

Üniversite öğrencileri sigara kullanımı stresle başa çıkma tarzı cinsiyet farklılıkları

References

  • WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008 - The MPOWER package, http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_youth_data_2008.pdf. (accessed on March 02, 2012). 2. World Health Organization. Health Education (2009). Avaible at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/en/atlas33.pdf, Accessed: December 2009. (accessed on March 02, 2012).
  • Ergüder T, Soydal T, Ugurlu M, Çakır B, Warren CW. Tobacco use among youth and related characteristics, Turkey. Soz Praventivmed 2006; 51: 91-8.
  • Peto R, Lopez AD. The future worldwide health effects of current smoking patterns. In Tobacco: science, policy and public health. New York: Oxford University Press.2004.
  • Backinger CL, McDonald P, Ossip-Klein DJ, Colby SM, Maule CO, Fagan P, Husten C, Colwell B. Improving the future of youth smoking cessation. Am J Health Behav 2003; 27 Suppl 2: S170-84.
  • Mermelstein R, Colby SM, Patten C, Prokhorov A, Brown R, Myers M, Adelman W, Hudmon K, McDonald P. Methodological issues in measuring treatment outcome in adolescent smoking cessation studies. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2002; 4: 395-403.
  • Haddad LG, Malak MZ. Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Nurs Stud 2002; 39: 793-802.
  • Flay BR, Hu FB, Richardson J. Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Prev Med 1998; 27: 9-18.
  • Van den Bree MB, Whitmer MD, Pickworth WB. Predictors of smoking development in a population-based sample of adolescents: a prospective study. J Adolesc Health 2004; 35:172-81.
  • Charlton A, Blair V. Predicting the onset of smoking in boys and girls. Soc Sci Med 1989; 29: 813-8.
  • O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, Renaud L, Sanchez Gomez L. One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods. Tob Control 1998; 7: 268- 75.
  • Tyas SL, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tob Control 1998; 7: 409-20.
  • Goodman E, Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 748-55.
  • Breslau N, Kilbey MM, Andreski P. Nicotine dependence and major depression. New evidence from a prospective investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 3-5.
  • Goodyer I, Kolvin I, Gatzanis S. Recent undesirable life events and psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147: 517-23.
  • Koval JJ, Pederson LL. Stress-coping and other psychosocial risk factors: a model for smoking in grade 6 students. Addictive Behaviors 1999; 24: 207-18.
  • Koval JJ, Pederson LL, Mills CA, McGrady GA, Carvajal SC. Models of the relationship of stress, depression, and other psychosocial factors to smoking behavior: a comparison of a cohort of students in grades 6 and 8. Prev Med 2000; 30: 463-77.
  • Kassel JD, Stroud LR, Paronis CA. Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychological Bulletin 2003; 129: 270-304.
  • Parrot AC. Does cigarette smoking cause stress? Am Psychol 1999; 54: 817-20.
  • Siqueira L, Diab M, Bodian C, Rolnitzky L. Adolescents Becoming Smokers: The Roles of Stress and Coping Methods. J Adolescent Health 2000; 27: 399- 408.
  • Liu X. Cigarette Smoking, Life Stress, and Behavioral Problems in Chinese Adolescents. J Adolescent Health 2003; 33: 189-92.
  • Sussman S, Brannon BR, Dent CW, Hansen WB, Johnson CA, Flay BR. Relations of coping effort, coping strategies, perceived stress, and cigarette smoking among adolescents. Int J Addict 1993; 28: 599-612.
  • Naquin MR, Gilbert GG.College students’ smoking behavior, perceived stress, and coping styles. J Drug Educ 1996; 26: 367-76.
  • Çalışkan D, Çulha G, Sarışen O, Karpuzoğlu S. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrenci ve çalışanlarının sigara içme durumu ve etkili fakörler. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2005; 58: 124-31.
  • Ceylan E, Yanık M, Gencer M. Harran Üniversitesi'ne kayıt yaptıran ögrencilerin sigaraya karşı tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler. Toraks Dergisi 2005; 6: 144-50.
  • Şahin NH, Durak A. Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlaması. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi 1995; 10: 57-70.
  • Rudatsikira E, Abdo A, Muula AS. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 176.
  • Hoving C, Reubsaet A, Vries H. Predictors of smoking stage transitions for adolescent boys and girls. Preventive Medicine 2007; 44: 485-9.
  • Wang MQ, Fitzhugh EC, Green BL, Turner LW, Eddy JM, Westerfield RC. Prospective Social-Psychological Factors of Adolescent Smoking Progression. J Adolescent Health 1999; 24: 2-9.
  • Davis KC, Nonnemaker JM, Farrelly MC. Association Between National Smoking Prevention Campaigns and Perceived Smoking Prevalence Among Youth in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2007; 41: 430-6.
  • Onal AE, Tumerdem Y, Ozel S. Smoking addiction among university students in Istanbul. Addiction Biology 2002; 7: 397-402.
  • Tilleczek KC, Hine DW.The meaning of smoking as health and social risk in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence 2006; 29: 273-87.
  • McArdle P, Wiegersma A, Gilvarry E, Kolte B, McCarthy S, Fitzgerald M, Brinkley A, Blom M, Stoeckel I, Pierolini A, Michels I, Johnson R, Quensel S. European adolescent substance use: the roles of family structure, function and gender. Addiction 1997; 97: 329-36.
  • McKee SA, Maciejewski PK, Falba T, Mazure CM. Sex differences in the effects of stressful life events on changes in smoking status. Addiction 1998; 98: 847-55.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Basic Science Research Articles
Authors

Meral Kelleci

Zehra Gölbaşı

Sevil İnal

Önder Kavakcı

Publication Date March 27, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012Volume: 34 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Kelleci M, Gölbaşı Z, İnal S, Kavakcı Ö. Orijinal araştırma-Original research Sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları: Cinsiyetin etkisi. CMJ. March 2012;34(1):9-16.