Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate ocular hemodynamic affects of COPD, measuring ocular blood flow with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method. Between 2009 and 2010 years, total of 80 patients with COPD staged by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria into four groups were enrolled in our study. Each group included 20 patients. Total of 63 healthy people selected randomly were accepted as control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were calculated in the central retinal artery (CRA) and the ophthalmic artery (OA) respectively. The flow velocity of central retinal vein (CRV) was also measured. All of measurements were obtained for patients and control groups. Results. PSV and RI values of CRA and OA were significantly higher in the patient groups (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significance in EDV values (p>0.05). Furthermore significant increase of CRV measurements was detected (p<0.05). Conclusion. We thought that the changes of PSV and RI parameter in CRA and OA depend on hypoxia with COPD causes systemic and local inflammatory metabolites due to distortion of retinal auto regulatory mechanism. The elevation increase CRV is attributed to amount of blood return to the ophthalmic vein by means of ocular blood flow increase, and to the increased central venous blood pressure related to COPD.
References
- Jeffrey PK. Remodelling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 28-38.
- Fabri LM, Romagnoli M, Corbetta L, Casoni G, Busljetic K, Turato G. Differences in airway inflamation in patients with fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 418-24.
- A Mohammadi, N Khorasani, F Moulodi. Evaluation of retrobulbar blood flow in patients with age-related cataract; color Doppler ultrasonographic findings. Ultrasonography.clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5: 1521-4.
- Giovagnorio F, Quaranta L, Bucci MG. Color Doppler assessment of normal ocular blood flow. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12: 473-7.
- Gencer G, Güven D, Zıraman I, Hasıripi H, Koparal S. Hipertansif Retinopatide Retrobulber Hemodinamik Değişikliklerin Renkli Doppler Ultrasonografi İle Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2002; 11: 201-6.
- MacKinnon JR, McKillop G, O’Brien C, Swa K, Butt Z, Nelson P. Colour Doppler imaging of the ocular circulation in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000; 78: 386-9.
- Sönmez M, Erşanlı D, Pekkafalı Z.Behçet hastalığının göz tutulumunun erken saptanmasında orbital arterlerdeki hemodinamik değişikliklerin değeri. Ret-Vit 2006; 14: 175-80.
- Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. GOLD Scientific Committee global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NHLBI/WHO Global Inıtiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1256-76.
- Global Initiative For Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease Updated 2008; 4: 24-30.
- Ozer T, Altin R, Ugurbas SH, Ozer Y, Mahmutyazicioglu K, Kart L. Color Doppler evaluation of the ocular arterial flow changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Radiol 2006; 57: 63-8.
- Celik C, Tokgöz O, Şerifoğlu L. Color Doppler Evaluation of the Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: COPD and Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Changes.Ultrason Imaging 2014; 36: 177-86.
- Burgel PR, Nadel JA. Roles of epidermal growth factor receptor activation in epithelial cell repair and mucin production in airway epithelium. Thorax 2004; 59: 992-6.
- Umut S. KOAH’ta sistemik etkiler. In: Umut S, Yıldırım N, eds. Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH). 1. baskı. Turgut yayıncılık İstanbul 2005: 288Wouters EF, Creutzberg EC, Schols AM. Systemiceffects in COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 127-30.
- Labiris NR, Ball L, Ramjaun A. Local and systemic effects of frequent pulmonary exacerbations in COPD.Am J Respır Crit care 2012; 5860.
- Roland M, Bhowmik A, Sapsford RJ, Seemungal TAR, Jeffries DJ, Warner TD. Sputum and plasma endothelin-1 levels in exacerbations of chronic obstruktive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001; 56: 30-5.
- Kratzer A, Chu HW, Salys J. Endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD 146: implications for its role in the pathogenesis of COPD.The Journal of Pathology 2013; 230: 388-98.
- Minoguchi K, Yokoe T, Tazaki T. Increased Carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005; 172: 625-30.
- Kwon YS, Chi SY, Shin HJ, Kim EY, Yoon BK, Ban HJ. Plasma C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension.J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 1487-91.
- Cazzola M, Matera MG, Rogliani P, Page C.Treating systemic effects of COPD. Trends in pharmacological sciences 2007; 28: 544-50.
- Carp H, Janoff A. Possible mechanism in smokers: In vitro supression of serum elastase inhibitory capacity by fresh cigarette smoke and its prevention by antioxidants. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 118: 617-21.
- Gan Wq, Man SFP, Senthilselvan A, Sin DD. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: A systematic rewiew and meta-analysis. Thorax 2004; 59: 574-80.
- Eickhoff P, Valipour A, Kiss D, Schreder M, Cekici L, Geyer K. Determinants of systemic vascular function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 1211-8.
- Barnes PJ, Celli BE. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 1165-85.
- Shortt AJ, Howell K, O’Brien C, McLoughlin P. Chronic systemic hypoxia causes intra-retinal angiogenesis. J Anat 2004; 205: 349-56.
- Johnston AJ, Steiner LA, Gupta AK, Menon DK. Cerebral oxygen vasoreactivity and cerebral tissue oxygen reactivity. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 774-86.
- Patterson Jr JL, Heyman A, Battey LL, Ferguson RW. Threshold of response of the cerebral vessels of man to increase in blood carbondioxide. J Clin İnvest 1955; 34: 1857-64.
- Kergoat H, Faucher C. Effects of oxigen and carbogen breathing on choroidal hemodynamics in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2906-76.
- Albayrak R, Fidan F, Unlu M, Sezer M, Degirmenci B, Acar M, Haftanir A, Yaman M. Extracranial carotid Doppler ultrasound evaluation of cerebral blood flow volume in COPD patients. Respir Med 2006; 100: 1826-33.
- Anderson DR. Introductory comments on blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head and vascular risk factors in glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1999; 43: 5
- Bluth El, Wetzner SM, Stavros AT. Carotid duplex sonography: A multiserver recommendation for standardized imaging and Doppler criteria. Radiographics 1988; 8: 487-506.
- Sofia M, Mormile M, Faraone S, Carrutu P, Alifano M, Di Benedetto G. Increased 24-h endothelin-1 urinary excretion in patients with chronic obstruktive pulmonary disease. Respiration 1994; 61: 263-8.
- Doepp F, Bahr D, John M, Hoernig S, Valdueza JM, Schreiber SJ. Internal jugular vein valve incompetence in COPD and primary pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Ultrasound 2008; 36: 480-4.
Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığında orbital kan akım değişikliklerinin renkli doppler ultrasonografi ile değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Özet
Amaç. Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) olgularının oküler kan akım hızlarını ölçüp oküler hemodinaminin etkilenip etkilenmediğini saptamaktır. Yöntem. 2009-2010 yılları arasında Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) kriterlerine göre değerlendirilerek 20’er kişilik 4 gruba ayrılan KOAH tanılı 80 hasta ve rastgele seçilen 63 sağlıklı birey olmak üzere toplam 143 olgunun Renkli doppler ultrasonografi (RDUS) tekniği ile santral retinal arter (SRA) ve oftalmik arter (OA) pik sistolik hızları (PSH), end diastolik hızları (EDH), rezistif indeksleri (Rİ) ve santral retinal ven (SRV) akım hızları ölçüldü. Bulgular. SRA ve OA PSH ve Rİ değerlerinde gruplarda anlamlı yükseklikler saptanırken (p<0,05) EDH değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yükseklik saptanmadı (p>0,05). SRV akım hızlarında anlamlı bir biçimde yükseklik saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç. SRA ve OA’ya ait olan PSH ve Rİ parametrelerindeki değişikliklere; KOAH’ta meydana gelen hipoksi sonucu oluşan sistemik enflamasyonun ve lokal metabolitlerin retinanın otoregülasyon mekanizmasını bozarak sebep olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. SRV akım hızındaki artışı, oküler kan akımındaki artışa bağlı olarak oftalmik vene dönen akım miktarının artmasına ve KOAH’ta mevcut olan yüksek santral venöz basınca bağlamaktayız.
Anahtar sözcükler: Renkli Doppler ultrasonografi, oküler kan akımı, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate ocular hemodynamic affects of COPD, measuring ocular blood flow with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method. Between 2009 and 2010 years, total of 80 patients with COPD staged by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria into four groups were enrolled in our study. Each group included 20 patients. Total of 63 healthy people selected randomly were accepted as control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were calculated in the central retinal artery (CRA) and the ophthalmic artery (OA) respectively. The flow velocity of central retinal vein (CRV) was also measured. All of measurements were obtained for patients and control groups. Results. PSV and RI values of CRA and OA were significantly higher in the patient groups (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significance in EDV values (p>0.05). Furthermore significant increase of CRV measurements was detected (p<0.05). Conclusion. We thought that the changes of PSV and RI parameter in CRA and OA depend on hypoxia with COPD causes systemic and local inflammatory metabolites due to distortion of retinal auto regulatory mechanism. The elevation increase CRV is attributed to amount of blood return to the ophthalmic vein by means of ocular blood flow increase, and to the increased central venous blood pressure related to COPD.
Keywords: Color Doppler ultrasonography, ocular blood flow, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
References
- Jeffrey PK. Remodelling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 28-38.
- Fabri LM, Romagnoli M, Corbetta L, Casoni G, Busljetic K, Turato G. Differences in airway inflamation in patients with fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 418-24.
- A Mohammadi, N Khorasani, F Moulodi. Evaluation of retrobulbar blood flow in patients with age-related cataract; color Doppler ultrasonographic findings. Ultrasonography.clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5: 1521-4.
- Giovagnorio F, Quaranta L, Bucci MG. Color Doppler assessment of normal ocular blood flow. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12: 473-7.
- Gencer G, Güven D, Zıraman I, Hasıripi H, Koparal S. Hipertansif Retinopatide Retrobulber Hemodinamik Değişikliklerin Renkli Doppler Ultrasonografi İle Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2002; 11: 201-6.
- MacKinnon JR, McKillop G, O’Brien C, Swa K, Butt Z, Nelson P. Colour Doppler imaging of the ocular circulation in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000; 78: 386-9.
- Sönmez M, Erşanlı D, Pekkafalı Z.Behçet hastalığının göz tutulumunun erken saptanmasında orbital arterlerdeki hemodinamik değişikliklerin değeri. Ret-Vit 2006; 14: 175-80.
- Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. GOLD Scientific Committee global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NHLBI/WHO Global Inıtiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1256-76.
- Global Initiative For Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease Updated 2008; 4: 24-30.
- Ozer T, Altin R, Ugurbas SH, Ozer Y, Mahmutyazicioglu K, Kart L. Color Doppler evaluation of the ocular arterial flow changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Radiol 2006; 57: 63-8.
- Celik C, Tokgöz O, Şerifoğlu L. Color Doppler Evaluation of the Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: COPD and Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Changes.Ultrason Imaging 2014; 36: 177-86.
- Burgel PR, Nadel JA. Roles of epidermal growth factor receptor activation in epithelial cell repair and mucin production in airway epithelium. Thorax 2004; 59: 992-6.
- Umut S. KOAH’ta sistemik etkiler. In: Umut S, Yıldırım N, eds. Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH). 1. baskı. Turgut yayıncılık İstanbul 2005: 288Wouters EF, Creutzberg EC, Schols AM. Systemiceffects in COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 127-30.
- Labiris NR, Ball L, Ramjaun A. Local and systemic effects of frequent pulmonary exacerbations in COPD.Am J Respır Crit care 2012; 5860.
- Roland M, Bhowmik A, Sapsford RJ, Seemungal TAR, Jeffries DJ, Warner TD. Sputum and plasma endothelin-1 levels in exacerbations of chronic obstruktive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001; 56: 30-5.
- Kratzer A, Chu HW, Salys J. Endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD 146: implications for its role in the pathogenesis of COPD.The Journal of Pathology 2013; 230: 388-98.
- Minoguchi K, Yokoe T, Tazaki T. Increased Carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005; 172: 625-30.
- Kwon YS, Chi SY, Shin HJ, Kim EY, Yoon BK, Ban HJ. Plasma C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension.J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 1487-91.
- Cazzola M, Matera MG, Rogliani P, Page C.Treating systemic effects of COPD. Trends in pharmacological sciences 2007; 28: 544-50.
- Carp H, Janoff A. Possible mechanism in smokers: In vitro supression of serum elastase inhibitory capacity by fresh cigarette smoke and its prevention by antioxidants. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 118: 617-21.
- Gan Wq, Man SFP, Senthilselvan A, Sin DD. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: A systematic rewiew and meta-analysis. Thorax 2004; 59: 574-80.
- Eickhoff P, Valipour A, Kiss D, Schreder M, Cekici L, Geyer K. Determinants of systemic vascular function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 1211-8.
- Barnes PJ, Celli BE. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 1165-85.
- Shortt AJ, Howell K, O’Brien C, McLoughlin P. Chronic systemic hypoxia causes intra-retinal angiogenesis. J Anat 2004; 205: 349-56.
- Johnston AJ, Steiner LA, Gupta AK, Menon DK. Cerebral oxygen vasoreactivity and cerebral tissue oxygen reactivity. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 774-86.
- Patterson Jr JL, Heyman A, Battey LL, Ferguson RW. Threshold of response of the cerebral vessels of man to increase in blood carbondioxide. J Clin İnvest 1955; 34: 1857-64.
- Kergoat H, Faucher C. Effects of oxigen and carbogen breathing on choroidal hemodynamics in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2906-76.
- Albayrak R, Fidan F, Unlu M, Sezer M, Degirmenci B, Acar M, Haftanir A, Yaman M. Extracranial carotid Doppler ultrasound evaluation of cerebral blood flow volume in COPD patients. Respir Med 2006; 100: 1826-33.
- Anderson DR. Introductory comments on blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head and vascular risk factors in glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1999; 43: 5
- Bluth El, Wetzner SM, Stavros AT. Carotid duplex sonography: A multiserver recommendation for standardized imaging and Doppler criteria. Radiographics 1988; 8: 487-506.
- Sofia M, Mormile M, Faraone S, Carrutu P, Alifano M, Di Benedetto G. Increased 24-h endothelin-1 urinary excretion in patients with chronic obstruktive pulmonary disease. Respiration 1994; 61: 263-8.
- Doepp F, Bahr D, John M, Hoernig S, Valdueza JM, Schreiber SJ. Internal jugular vein valve incompetence in COPD and primary pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Ultrasound 2008; 36: 480-4.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Medical Science Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 12, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014Volume: 36 Issue: 3 |