Review
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Year 2021, Volume: 43 Issue: 4, 314 - 322, 31.12.2021

Aysun Bay Karabulut Tuğba Raika Kıran , Aslı Bolayır

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1020857

Abstract

References

  • 1. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; 323 (11): 1061-1069.
  • 2. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 40-48.
  • 3. Mao L, Wang MD, Chen SH, He QW, Chang J, Hong CD, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77 (6): 683-690.
  • 4. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus 2020; 12 (3): e7352.
  • 5. Bilgiç Z, Güner R, Aktaş F (ed). COVID-19: Pathogenesis, Transmission Routes and Risk Factors, COVID-19: Pandemic Lessons. Ankara: Turkey Clinics, 2020: 14-24.
  • 6. Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 18-22.
  • 7. Tsivgoulis G, Palaiodimou L, Katsanos AH, Caso V, Köhrmann M, Molina C, et al. Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13: 1756286420932036.
  • 8. Nannoni S, de Groot R, Bell S, Markus HS. Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke 2021; 16 (2): 137-149.
  • 9. Portela-Sánchez S, Sánchez-Soblechero A, Melgarejo Otalora PJ, Rodríguez López Á, Velilla Alonso G, Palacios-Mendoza MA, et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: The registry of a neurology department in the first wave of the pandemic. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28 (10): 3339-3347.
  • 10. García-Azorín D, Abildúa MJA, Aguirre MEE, Fernández SF, Moncó JGC, Guijarro-Castro C, et al. Spanish neuroCOVID registry group. Neurological presentations of COVID-19: Findings from the Spanish Society of Neurology neuroCOVID-19 registry. J Neurol Sci 2021; 423: 117283.
  • 11. High B, Hixon AM, Tyler KL, Piquet AL, Pelak VS. Neurology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gathering Data for an Informed Response. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11 (2): e48-e63.
  • 12. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277 (8): 2251-2261.
  • 13. Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 76: 233-235.
  • 14. Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, et al. Guillain– Barré Syndrome Associated with SARSCoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 2574-2576.
  • 15. Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, Pavolucci L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Piscaglia MG, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J Neurol 2020; 267 (7): 1877-1879.
  • 16. Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7 (4): e741.
  • 17. Camdessanche JP, Morel J, Pozzetto B, Paul S, Tholance Y, Botelho-Nevers E. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barré syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176 (6): 516-518.
  • 18. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol 2020; 19 (5): 383-384.
  • 19. Bracaglia M, Naldi I, Govoni A, Brillanti Ventura D, De Massis P. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis in association with an asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2. J Neurol 2020; 267 (11): 3166-3168.
  • 20. Oguz-Akarsu E, Ozpar R, Mirzayev H, Acet-Ozturk NA, Hakyemez B, Ediger D, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with minimal symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62 (3): E54-E57.
  • 21. Chan M, Han SC, Kelly S, Tamimi M, Giglio B, Lewis A. A Case Series of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection in New York. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11 (4): e576-e578.
  • 22. Bigaut K, Mallaret M, Baloglu S, Nemoz B, Morand P, Baicry F, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7 (5): e785.
  • 23. Webb S, Wallace VC, Martin-Lopez D, Yogarajah M. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: a newly emerging post-infectious complication. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13 (6): e236182.
  • 24. Maideniuc C, Memon AB. Acute necrotizing myelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy in a COVID-19 patient. J Neurol 2021; 268 (2): 739.
  • 25. Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez-Guerrero A, Rodrigo-Rey S, San Pedro-Murillo E, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Gordo-Mañas R, et al. Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology 2020; 95 (5): e601-e605.
  • 26. Li Z, Li X, Shen J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Miller Fisher syndrome associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28 (17): 20939-20944.
  • 27. Novak P. Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy: a case report. ENeurologicalSci 2020; 21: 100276.
  • 28. Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology 2020; 296 (2): E119-E120.
  • 29. Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, et al. Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 155-158.
  • 30. Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88: 945-946.
  • 31. Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, Davies NWS, Pollak TA, Tenorio EL, et al. Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (10): 875-882.
  • 32. Wong PF, Craik S, Newman P, Makan A, Srinivasan K, Crawford E, et al. Lessons of the month 1: A case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20 (3): 293–294.
  • 33. Dugue R, Cay-Martínez KC, Thakur KT, Garcia JA, Chauhan LV, Williams SH, et al. Neurologic manifestations in an infant with COVID-19. Neurology 2020; 94 (24): 1100-1102.
  • 34. Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020; 92 (7): 699-702.
  • 35. Zanin L, Saraceno G, Panciani PP, Renisi G, Signorini L, Migliorati K, et al. SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162 (7): 1491-1494.
  • 36. Zhang T, Hirsh E, Zandieh S, Rodricks MB. COVID-19-Associated Acute Multi-infarct Encephalopathy in an Asymptomatic CADASIL Patient. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34 (3): 1099-1102.
  • 37. Sohal S, Mossammat M. COVID-19 presenting with seizures. IDCases 2020; 20: e00782.
  • 38. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. MedRxiv 2020; 2020.2003.2016.20035105.
  • 39. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (20): e60.
  • 40. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 115-119.
  • 41. Frisullo G, Bellavia S, Scala I, Piano C, Morosetti R, Brunetti V, et al. Stroke and COVID19: Not only a large-vessel disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29 (10): 105074.
  • 42. Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91 (8): 889-891.
  • 43. Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5 (3): 279-284.
  • 44. Sweid A, Hammoud B, Bekelis K, Missios S, Tjoumakaris SI, Gooch MR, et al. Cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of coronavirus disease 2019. Int J Stroke 2020; 15 (7): 733-742.
  • 45. Morassi M, Bagatto D, Cobelli M, D'Agostini S, Gigli GL, Bnà C, et al. A. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series. J Neurol 2020; 267 (8): 2185-2192.
  • 46. Al Saiegh F, Ghosh R, Leibold A, Avery MB, Schmidt RF, Theofanis T, et al. Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91 (8): 846-848.
  • 47. Naor MS, Mathew PG, Sharon R. Transient Horner syndrome associated with COVID-19: A case report. ENeurologicalSci 2021; 15: 100349.
  • 48. Popiołek A, Chyrek-Tomaszewska A, Kłopocki J, Dura M, Pulkowski G. Horner's syndrome in the course of the COVID-19: a case report. Med. Res. J 2021; 6 (3): 274-275.
  • 49. Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, Nortley R, Wiethoff S, Bharucha T, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain 2020; 143 (10): 3104-3120.
  • 50. De Gennaro R, Gastaldo E, Tamborino C, Baraldo M, Casula N, Pedrali M, et al. Selective cranial multineuritis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review. Neurol Sci 2021; 42 (5): 1643-1648.
  • 51. Escalada Pellitero S, Garriga Ferrer-Bergua L. Report of a patient with neurological symptoms as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2020; 35 (4): 271-272.
  • 52. Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26 (7): 1618-1620.
  • 53. Kaya Tutar N, Omerhoca S, Coban E, Kale N. Sars-Cov-2 infection related inflammatory and demyelinating disease; a brief case series. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51: 102900.
  • 54. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, et al. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (23): 2268-2270.
  • 55. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94: 55-58.
  • 56. Mardani M, Nadji SA, Sarhangipor KA, Sharifi-Razavi A, Baziboroun M. COVID-19 infection recurrence presenting with meningoencephalitis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37: 100732.
  • 57. Espíndola OM, Siqueira M, Soares CN, Lima MASD, Leite ACCB, Araujo AQC, et al. Patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations show undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96: 567-569.
  • 58. Virani A, Rabold E, Hanson T, Haag A, Elrufay R, Cheema T, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. IDCases 2020; 20: e00771.

Complications related to COVID-19 infection in neurological diseases

Year 2021, Volume: 43 Issue: 4, 314 - 322, 31.12.2021

Aysun Bay Karabulut Tuğba Raika Kıran , Aslı Bolayır

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1020857

Abstract

Neurological signs and symptoms constitute at least 35% of the findings reported from the beginning of the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) epidemic until now. Neurological symptoms based on myopathy,headache,taste and smell disorders,dizziness, impaired consciousness, encephalitis, and peripheral nervous system disorders such as Guillain-Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes, have been described. We aimed to provide information on how COVID-19 infection affects neurological system and possible damage mechanisms.This review has been prepared by scanning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, coronavirus, neurological symptoms, results, pandemic keyword combinations in the database. In the literature review, a total of 57 articles, including case series, case report, letter, article and review, were reached on the neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 in the last two years.If the patient is older, the COVID-19 infection may be more severe. Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases also make more challenging the clinical cases. In addition, patients with a history of neurological disorders and acute respiratory symptoms appear to be at higher risk of encephalopathy. 

Keywords

COVID-19 Guillain-Barré syndrome Encephalitis Stroke Neurological complications

References

  • 1. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; 323 (11): 1061-1069.
  • 2. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 40-48.
  • 3. Mao L, Wang MD, Chen SH, He QW, Chang J, Hong CD, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77 (6): 683-690.
  • 4. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus 2020; 12 (3): e7352.
  • 5. Bilgiç Z, Güner R, Aktaş F (ed). COVID-19: Pathogenesis, Transmission Routes and Risk Factors, COVID-19: Pandemic Lessons. Ankara: Turkey Clinics, 2020: 14-24.
  • 6. Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 18-22.
  • 7. Tsivgoulis G, Palaiodimou L, Katsanos AH, Caso V, Köhrmann M, Molina C, et al. Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13: 1756286420932036.
  • 8. Nannoni S, de Groot R, Bell S, Markus HS. Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke 2021; 16 (2): 137-149.
  • 9. Portela-Sánchez S, Sánchez-Soblechero A, Melgarejo Otalora PJ, Rodríguez López Á, Velilla Alonso G, Palacios-Mendoza MA, et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: The registry of a neurology department in the first wave of the pandemic. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28 (10): 3339-3347.
  • 10. García-Azorín D, Abildúa MJA, Aguirre MEE, Fernández SF, Moncó JGC, Guijarro-Castro C, et al. Spanish neuroCOVID registry group. Neurological presentations of COVID-19: Findings from the Spanish Society of Neurology neuroCOVID-19 registry. J Neurol Sci 2021; 423: 117283.
  • 11. High B, Hixon AM, Tyler KL, Piquet AL, Pelak VS. Neurology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gathering Data for an Informed Response. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11 (2): e48-e63.
  • 12. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277 (8): 2251-2261.
  • 13. Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 76: 233-235.
  • 14. Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, et al. Guillain– Barré Syndrome Associated with SARSCoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 2574-2576.
  • 15. Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, Pavolucci L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Piscaglia MG, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J Neurol 2020; 267 (7): 1877-1879.
  • 16. Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7 (4): e741.
  • 17. Camdessanche JP, Morel J, Pozzetto B, Paul S, Tholance Y, Botelho-Nevers E. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barré syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176 (6): 516-518.
  • 18. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol 2020; 19 (5): 383-384.
  • 19. Bracaglia M, Naldi I, Govoni A, Brillanti Ventura D, De Massis P. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis in association with an asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2. J Neurol 2020; 267 (11): 3166-3168.
  • 20. Oguz-Akarsu E, Ozpar R, Mirzayev H, Acet-Ozturk NA, Hakyemez B, Ediger D, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with minimal symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62 (3): E54-E57.
  • 21. Chan M, Han SC, Kelly S, Tamimi M, Giglio B, Lewis A. A Case Series of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection in New York. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11 (4): e576-e578.
  • 22. Bigaut K, Mallaret M, Baloglu S, Nemoz B, Morand P, Baicry F, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7 (5): e785.
  • 23. Webb S, Wallace VC, Martin-Lopez D, Yogarajah M. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: a newly emerging post-infectious complication. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13 (6): e236182.
  • 24. Maideniuc C, Memon AB. Acute necrotizing myelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy in a COVID-19 patient. J Neurol 2021; 268 (2): 739.
  • 25. Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez-Guerrero A, Rodrigo-Rey S, San Pedro-Murillo E, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Gordo-Mañas R, et al. Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology 2020; 95 (5): e601-e605.
  • 26. Li Z, Li X, Shen J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Miller Fisher syndrome associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28 (17): 20939-20944.
  • 27. Novak P. Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy: a case report. ENeurologicalSci 2020; 21: 100276.
  • 28. Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology 2020; 296 (2): E119-E120.
  • 29. Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, et al. Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 155-158.
  • 30. Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88: 945-946.
  • 31. Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, Davies NWS, Pollak TA, Tenorio EL, et al. Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (10): 875-882.
  • 32. Wong PF, Craik S, Newman P, Makan A, Srinivasan K, Crawford E, et al. Lessons of the month 1: A case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20 (3): 293–294.
  • 33. Dugue R, Cay-Martínez KC, Thakur KT, Garcia JA, Chauhan LV, Williams SH, et al. Neurologic manifestations in an infant with COVID-19. Neurology 2020; 94 (24): 1100-1102.
  • 34. Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020; 92 (7): 699-702.
  • 35. Zanin L, Saraceno G, Panciani PP, Renisi G, Signorini L, Migliorati K, et al. SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162 (7): 1491-1494.
  • 36. Zhang T, Hirsh E, Zandieh S, Rodricks MB. COVID-19-Associated Acute Multi-infarct Encephalopathy in an Asymptomatic CADASIL Patient. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34 (3): 1099-1102.
  • 37. Sohal S, Mossammat M. COVID-19 presenting with seizures. IDCases 2020; 20: e00782.
  • 38. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. MedRxiv 2020; 2020.2003.2016.20035105.
  • 39. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (20): e60.
  • 40. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 115-119.
  • 41. Frisullo G, Bellavia S, Scala I, Piano C, Morosetti R, Brunetti V, et al. Stroke and COVID19: Not only a large-vessel disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29 (10): 105074.
  • 42. Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91 (8): 889-891.
  • 43. Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5 (3): 279-284.
  • 44. Sweid A, Hammoud B, Bekelis K, Missios S, Tjoumakaris SI, Gooch MR, et al. Cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of coronavirus disease 2019. Int J Stroke 2020; 15 (7): 733-742.
  • 45. Morassi M, Bagatto D, Cobelli M, D'Agostini S, Gigli GL, Bnà C, et al. A. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series. J Neurol 2020; 267 (8): 2185-2192.
  • 46. Al Saiegh F, Ghosh R, Leibold A, Avery MB, Schmidt RF, Theofanis T, et al. Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91 (8): 846-848.
  • 47. Naor MS, Mathew PG, Sharon R. Transient Horner syndrome associated with COVID-19: A case report. ENeurologicalSci 2021; 15: 100349.
  • 48. Popiołek A, Chyrek-Tomaszewska A, Kłopocki J, Dura M, Pulkowski G. Horner's syndrome in the course of the COVID-19: a case report. Med. Res. J 2021; 6 (3): 274-275.
  • 49. Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, Nortley R, Wiethoff S, Bharucha T, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain 2020; 143 (10): 3104-3120.
  • 50. De Gennaro R, Gastaldo E, Tamborino C, Baraldo M, Casula N, Pedrali M, et al. Selective cranial multineuritis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review. Neurol Sci 2021; 42 (5): 1643-1648.
  • 51. Escalada Pellitero S, Garriga Ferrer-Bergua L. Report of a patient with neurological symptoms as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2020; 35 (4): 271-272.
  • 52. Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26 (7): 1618-1620.
  • 53. Kaya Tutar N, Omerhoca S, Coban E, Kale N. Sars-Cov-2 infection related inflammatory and demyelinating disease; a brief case series. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51: 102900.
  • 54. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, et al. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (23): 2268-2270.
  • 55. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94: 55-58.
  • 56. Mardani M, Nadji SA, Sarhangipor KA, Sharifi-Razavi A, Baziboroun M. COVID-19 infection recurrence presenting with meningoencephalitis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37: 100732.
  • 57. Espíndola OM, Siqueira M, Soares CN, Lima MASD, Leite ACCB, Araujo AQC, et al. Patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations show undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96: 567-569.
  • 58. Virani A, Rabold E, Hanson T, Haag A, Elrufay R, Cheema T, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. IDCases 2020; 20: e00771.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Aysun Bay Karabulut 0000-0002-7873-2805

Tuğba Raika Kıran 0000-0002-3724-0249

Aslı Bolayır 0000-0001-6566-3751

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date December 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 43 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Bay Karabulut A, Kıran TR, Bolayır A. Complications related to COVID-19 infection in neurological diseases. CMJ. December 2021;43(4):314-322. doi:10.7197/cmj.1020857