Abstract
References
- Lomer MC, Parkes GC, Sanderson JD. Lactose intolerance in clinical practice—myths and realities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27 :93–3.
- He T, Priebe MG, Harmsen HJ, et al. Colonic fermentation may play a role in lactose intolerance in humans. J Nutr 2006; 136: 58-3.
- Misselwitz B, Pohl D, Frühauf H, Fried M, Vavricka SR, Fox M. Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2013; 1: 151-9.
- Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, et al. NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement: lactose intolerance and health. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 2010; 27: 1–27.
- Cho N, Shaw J, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138: 271–1.
- Trapp CB, Barnard ND. Usefulness of vegetarian and vegan diets for treating type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2010; 10: 152–8.
- Jo SH, Cho CY, Lee JY, Ha KS, Kwon YI, Apostolidis E. In vitro and in vivo reduction of post-prandial blood glucose levels by ethyl alcohol and water Zingiber mioga extracts through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:111.
- Kwon YI, Vattem DA, Shetty K. Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006; 15: 107–18.
- Lingenfelser T, Sun WM, Hebbard GS, Dent J, Horowitz M. Effects of duodenal distension on antropyloroduodenal pressures and perception are modified by hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: 711–8.
- De Boer SY, Masclee AA, Lam WF, Schipper J, Jansen JB, Lamers CB. Hyperglycemia modulates gallbladder motility and small intestinal transit time in man. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 2228–5.
- Bjornsson E, Urbanavicius V, Eliasson B, Attvall S, Smith U, Abrahamsson H. Effects of hyperglycemia on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29: 1096–4.
- Aune D, Norat T, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1066–83.
- Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2017–29.
- Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI, Gallacher JE. The consumption of milk and dairy foods and the incidence of vascular disease and diabetes: an overview of the evidence. Lipids 2010; 45: 925–39.
- Theresa A Nicklas, Haiyan Qu, Sheryl O Hughes, et al. Self-perceived lactose intolerance results in lower intakes of calcium and dairy foods and is associated with hypertension and diabetes in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94: 191-8.
- Matlik L, Savaiano D, McCabe G, VanLoan M, Blue CL, Boushey CJ. Perceived milk intolerance is related to bone mineral content in 10- to 13-year-old female adolescents. Pediatrics 2007; 120: 669–7.
- Dahl-Jùrgensen K, Joner G, Hanssen KF (1991) Relationship between cow's milk consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood. Diabetes Care 2014: 1081-3.
- Elliott RB. Epidemiology of diabetes in Polynesia and New Zealand. Pediatr Adolescent Endocrinol 1992; 21: 66.
- Lamri A, Poli A, Emery N, et al. The lactase persistence genotype is associated with body mass index and dairy consumption in the D.E.S.I.R. study. Metabolism 2013; 62: 1323-9.
- Helle KM Bergholdt, Børge G Nordestgaard and Christina Ellervik, Milk intake is not associated with low risk of diabetes or overweight-obesity: a Mendelian randomization study in 97,811 Danish individuals. J Intern Med 2018.
- Enattah NS, Forsblom C, Rasinperä H, Tuomi T, Groop PH, Järvelä I. The genetic variant of lactase persistence C (-13910) T as a risk factor for type I and II diabetes in the Finnish population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 1319-2.
- Semenza G, Auricchio S. Small-intestinal disaccharidases. In: Scriver CHR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 7th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill 1995: 4451–82.
- Friedrich DC, de Andrade FM, Fiegenbaum M, et al. The lactase persistence genotype is a protective factor for the metabolic syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37: 611-5.
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effect of lactose intolerance on serum glucose levels and related biochemical parameters in the adult population who refrain from consuming milk and milk products.
Material and Method: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2019 with 296 participants. Plasma glucose, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, folate, vitamin B12, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and ferritin levels were controlled. Patients with positive lactose intolerance test results were accepted as the study group and negative results were accepted as the control group, and data of two groups were compared.
Results: Of the total 296 participants 212 (71.7%) were found to have lactose intolerance and 84 (28.3%) were found to be normal. In the lactose intolerant group, blood glucose levels were significantly lower than the control group (5.14±0.53 mmol/L versus 5.47±0.54 mmol/L, p<0.001). In the lactose intolerant group, 29 (13.7%) patients, and in the control group 18 (21.4%) patients were having type 2 diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, both fasting blood glucose (5.68±0.49 mmol/L versus 6.30±0.59 mmol/L, p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin levels were also significantly lower than the control group in the study group (6.78±1.08 versus 7.62±0.96, p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this study, based upon the findings of people with insufficient milk consumption, any decrease in blood calcium or vitamin D levels was not observed. Lactose intolerant people may have lower blood glucose levels compared to lactase persistent people. Larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to demonstrate that persistence of lactase is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes.
References
- Lomer MC, Parkes GC, Sanderson JD. Lactose intolerance in clinical practice—myths and realities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27 :93–3.
- He T, Priebe MG, Harmsen HJ, et al. Colonic fermentation may play a role in lactose intolerance in humans. J Nutr 2006; 136: 58-3.
- Misselwitz B, Pohl D, Frühauf H, Fried M, Vavricka SR, Fox M. Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2013; 1: 151-9.
- Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, et al. NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement: lactose intolerance and health. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 2010; 27: 1–27.
- Cho N, Shaw J, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138: 271–1.
- Trapp CB, Barnard ND. Usefulness of vegetarian and vegan diets for treating type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2010; 10: 152–8.
- Jo SH, Cho CY, Lee JY, Ha KS, Kwon YI, Apostolidis E. In vitro and in vivo reduction of post-prandial blood glucose levels by ethyl alcohol and water Zingiber mioga extracts through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:111.
- Kwon YI, Vattem DA, Shetty K. Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006; 15: 107–18.
- Lingenfelser T, Sun WM, Hebbard GS, Dent J, Horowitz M. Effects of duodenal distension on antropyloroduodenal pressures and perception are modified by hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: 711–8.
- De Boer SY, Masclee AA, Lam WF, Schipper J, Jansen JB, Lamers CB. Hyperglycemia modulates gallbladder motility and small intestinal transit time in man. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 2228–5.
- Bjornsson E, Urbanavicius V, Eliasson B, Attvall S, Smith U, Abrahamsson H. Effects of hyperglycemia on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29: 1096–4.
- Aune D, Norat T, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1066–83.
- Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2017–29.
- Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI, Gallacher JE. The consumption of milk and dairy foods and the incidence of vascular disease and diabetes: an overview of the evidence. Lipids 2010; 45: 925–39.
- Theresa A Nicklas, Haiyan Qu, Sheryl O Hughes, et al. Self-perceived lactose intolerance results in lower intakes of calcium and dairy foods and is associated with hypertension and diabetes in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94: 191-8.
- Matlik L, Savaiano D, McCabe G, VanLoan M, Blue CL, Boushey CJ. Perceived milk intolerance is related to bone mineral content in 10- to 13-year-old female adolescents. Pediatrics 2007; 120: 669–7.
- Dahl-Jùrgensen K, Joner G, Hanssen KF (1991) Relationship between cow's milk consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood. Diabetes Care 2014: 1081-3.
- Elliott RB. Epidemiology of diabetes in Polynesia and New Zealand. Pediatr Adolescent Endocrinol 1992; 21: 66.
- Lamri A, Poli A, Emery N, et al. The lactase persistence genotype is associated with body mass index and dairy consumption in the D.E.S.I.R. study. Metabolism 2013; 62: 1323-9.
- Helle KM Bergholdt, Børge G Nordestgaard and Christina Ellervik, Milk intake is not associated with low risk of diabetes or overweight-obesity: a Mendelian randomization study in 97,811 Danish individuals. J Intern Med 2018.
- Enattah NS, Forsblom C, Rasinperä H, Tuomi T, Groop PH, Järvelä I. The genetic variant of lactase persistence C (-13910) T as a risk factor for type I and II diabetes in the Finnish population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 1319-2.
- Semenza G, Auricchio S. Small-intestinal disaccharidases. In: Scriver CHR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 7th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill 1995: 4451–82.
- Friedrich DC, de Andrade FM, Fiegenbaum M, et al. The lactase persistence genotype is a protective factor for the metabolic syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37: 611-5.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
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| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
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| Publication Date | July 20, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 |
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