Abstract
References
- Aitken RJ. COVID-19 and human spermatozoa-Potential risks for infertility and sexual transmission? Andrology 2021; 9: 48-52.
- Selvaraj K, Ravichandran S, Krishnan S, Radhakrishnan RK, Manickam N, Kandasamy M. Testicular atrophy and hypothalamic pathology in COVID-19: possibility of the incidence of male infertility and HPG axis abnormalities. Reprod Sci 2021; 28: 2735-42.
- Ardestani Zadeh A, Arab D. COVID-19 and male reproductive system: pathogenic features and possible mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2021; 52: 869-78.
- Mack LM, Mastrobattista JM, Gandhi R, Castro EC, Burgess APH, Lee W. Characterization of placental microvasculature using superb microvascular imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38: 2485-91.
- Arslan FZ, Altunkeser A, Körez MK, Aksoy N, Bayramoğlu Z, Karagülle M. The importance of superb microvascular imaging for the differentiation of malignant breast lesions from benign lesions. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 18: 48-54.
- Karagülle M, Arslan FZ, Şimşek S, et al. Investigation of the effectiveness of microvascular Doppler ultrasound and Q-Pack in the discrimination of malign thyroid nodules from benign. Ultrasound Q 2022.
- Rhoden EL, Telöken C, Sogari PR, Vargas Souto CA. The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14: 245-50.
- International Index of erectile function. Patient questionnaire. Available online: https: //www.baus.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/Patients/Leaflets/iief.pdf
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395: 565-74.
- Li H, Xiao X, Zhang J, et al. Impaired spermatogenesis in COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 28: 100604.
- Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, et al. Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Biol Reprod 2006; 74: 410-6.
- Bridwell RE, Merrill DR, Griffith SA, et al. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with bilateral orchitis. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 42: 260.e3-260.e5.
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- Visalli C, Vinci SL, Mondello S, et al. Microvascular imaging ultrasound (MicroV) and power Doppler vascularization analysis in a pediatric population with early scrotal pain onset. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40: 192-201.
- Oo WM, Linklater JM, Bennell KL, et al. Superb microvascular imaging in low-grade inflammation of knee osteoarthritis compared with power Doppler: clinical, radiographic and MRI relationship. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46: 566-74.
- Ayaz E, Ayaz M, Önal C, Yıkılmaz A. Seeing the unseen: evaluating testicular vascularity in neonates by using the superb microvascular imaging ultrasound technique. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38: 1847-54.
- Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in spermatogonia, leydig and sertoli cells. Cells 2020; 9: 920.
- Tian Y, Zhou LQ. Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction. Reproduction 2021; 161: R37-R44.
- Kaya Y, Kaya C, Tahta T, Kartal T, Tokgöz VY. Examination of the effect of COVID-19 on sexual dysfunction in women. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75: e13923.
- Cito G, Micelli E, Cocci A, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on sexual life in Italy. Urology 2021; 147: 37-42.
A radiological and clinical overview of the effects of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system: micro V Doppler, spermiogram and international erectile function form survey results
Abstract
Introduction: Micro V Doppler is a different technique from the conventional Doppler US method, which reveals the small vessel structure developed in recent years. We planned to reveal whether there are significant difference between spermiogram test, scrotal US, Micro V Doppler and international erectile function form questionnaire results between patients who had recently COVID-19 and the control group.
Material and Method: Our study included 45 patients who had recently had COVID-19 infection, and 45 control patients. Spermiogram test, scrotal US, Micro V Doppler and erectile dysfunction score, orgasmic function score, sexual desire score, sexual satisfaction score, and general satisfaction scores were evaluated for our patients and control groups included in our study.
Results: On scrotal US, there was no sequelae in the parenchyma in all patients (n=45, 100%) who had experienced COVID-19. When the spermiogram tests of the control group and our patients with COVID-19 infection were compared, the presence of oligozoospermia, leukocytospermia and other abnormal positive findings was similar between the two groups (p>0.005). Micro V Doppler findings of the control group and our patients who did not have COVID-19 infection were similar. Sexual Desire and sexual satisfaction scores of patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than the control group without COVID-19 infection (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of erectile dysfunction, orgasmic function and overall satisfaction.
Conclusion: COVID-19 does not cause a permanent significant difference in the morphological structure of testicles on Micro V Doppler examination and spermiogram tests. Sexual desire and sexual satisfaction scores are decreased in patients who had recently COVID-19.
Keywords
References
- Aitken RJ. COVID-19 and human spermatozoa-Potential risks for infertility and sexual transmission? Andrology 2021; 9: 48-52.
- Selvaraj K, Ravichandran S, Krishnan S, Radhakrishnan RK, Manickam N, Kandasamy M. Testicular atrophy and hypothalamic pathology in COVID-19: possibility of the incidence of male infertility and HPG axis abnormalities. Reprod Sci 2021; 28: 2735-42.
- Ardestani Zadeh A, Arab D. COVID-19 and male reproductive system: pathogenic features and possible mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2021; 52: 869-78.
- Mack LM, Mastrobattista JM, Gandhi R, Castro EC, Burgess APH, Lee W. Characterization of placental microvasculature using superb microvascular imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38: 2485-91.
- Arslan FZ, Altunkeser A, Körez MK, Aksoy N, Bayramoğlu Z, Karagülle M. The importance of superb microvascular imaging for the differentiation of malignant breast lesions from benign lesions. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 18: 48-54.
- Karagülle M, Arslan FZ, Şimşek S, et al. Investigation of the effectiveness of microvascular Doppler ultrasound and Q-Pack in the discrimination of malign thyroid nodules from benign. Ultrasound Q 2022.
- Rhoden EL, Telöken C, Sogari PR, Vargas Souto CA. The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14: 245-50.
- International Index of erectile function. Patient questionnaire. Available online: https: //www.baus.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/Patients/Leaflets/iief.pdf
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395: 565-74.
- Li H, Xiao X, Zhang J, et al. Impaired spermatogenesis in COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 28: 100604.
- Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, et al. Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Biol Reprod 2006; 74: 410-6.
- Bridwell RE, Merrill DR, Griffith SA, et al. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with bilateral orchitis. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 42: 260.e3-260.e5.
- Fu Z, Zhang J, Lu Y, et al. Clinical applications of superb microvascular imaging in the superficial tissues and organs: a systematic review. Acad Radiol 2021; 28: 694-703.
- Visalli C, Vinci SL, Mondello S, et al. Microvascular imaging ultrasound (MicroV) and power Doppler vascularization analysis in a pediatric population with early scrotal pain onset. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40: 192-201.
- Oo WM, Linklater JM, Bennell KL, et al. Superb microvascular imaging in low-grade inflammation of knee osteoarthritis compared with power Doppler: clinical, radiographic and MRI relationship. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46: 566-74.
- Ayaz E, Ayaz M, Önal C, Yıkılmaz A. Seeing the unseen: evaluating testicular vascularity in neonates by using the superb microvascular imaging ultrasound technique. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38: 1847-54.
- Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in spermatogonia, leydig and sertoli cells. Cells 2020; 9: 920.
- Tian Y, Zhou LQ. Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction. Reproduction 2021; 161: R37-R44.
- Kaya Y, Kaya C, Tahta T, Kartal T, Tokgöz VY. Examination of the effect of COVID-19 on sexual dysfunction in women. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75: e13923.
- Cito G, Micelli E, Cocci A, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on sexual life in Italy. Urology 2021; 147: 37-42.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 25, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 6 |
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