Abstract
Keywords
References
- Caldwell SH, Ikura Y, Iezzoni JC, Liu Z. Has natural selection in human populations produced two types of metabolic syndrome (with and without fatty liver)? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 501-2.
- Takaki A, Kawai D, Yamamoto K. Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14: 20704-28.
- Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Newman JW, et al. Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172: 490-502.
- Gawrieh S, Opara EC, Koch TR. Oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and antioxidant therapies. J Investig Med 2004; 52: 506-14.
- Holterman AX, Guzman G, Fantuzzi G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese adolescent and adult patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21: 591-7.
- Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose Consumption, Lipogenesis, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9: 981.
- Hirsova P, Gores GJ. Death receptor-mediated cell death and proinflammatory signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1: 17-27.
- Ganji SH, Kashyap ML, Kamanna VS. Niacin inhibits fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in cultured hepatocytes: Impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2015; 64: 982-90.
- Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Patsiaoura K, et al. Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63: 659-66.
- Britton LJ, Subramaniam VN, Crawford DH. Iron and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 8112-22.
- Roth CL, Elfers CT, Figlewicz DP, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in obese rats exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increases hepatic resistin and Toll-like receptor activation. Hepatology 2012; 55: 1103-11.
- Prati D, Taioli E, Zanella A, Della Torre E, Butelli S, Del Vecchio E, et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:1-9
- Mencin AA, Lavine JE. Advances in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011; 58: 1375-92.
- Alswat KA, Fallatah HI, Al-Judaibi B, et al. Position statement on the diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi Med J 2019; 40: 531-40.
- Anderson EL, Howe LD, Jones HE, Higgins JP, Lawlor DA, Fraser A. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0140908.
- Manco M, Bedogni G, Marcellini M, et al. Waist circumference correlates with liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2008; 57: 1283-7.
- Monteiro PA, Antunes Bde M, Silveira LS, Christofaro DG, Fernandes RA, Freitas Junior IF. Body composition variables as predictors of NAFLD by ultrasound in obese children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14: 25.
- Patton HM, Lavine JE, Van Natta ML, et al. Clinical correlates of histopathology in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1961-71.
- Fracanzani AL, Valenti L, Bugianesi E, et al. Risk of severe liver disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with normal aminotransferase levels: a role for insulin resistance and diabetes. Hepatology 2008; 48: 792-8.
- Eng K, Lopez R, Liccardo D, Nobili V, Alkhouri N. A non-invasive prediction model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in paediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 1008-13.
- Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Kotronen A, et al. Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 2266-74.
- Nobili V, Donati B, Panera N, et al. A 4-polymorphism risk score predicts steatohepatitis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 632-6.
- Yilmaz Y, Ergelen R, Akin H, Imeryuz N. Noninvasive detection of hepatic steatosis in patients without ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver using the controlled attenuation parameter evaluated with transient elastography. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 1330-4.
- Kim DW, Park C, Yoon HM, et al. Technical performance of shear wave elastography for measuring liver stiffness in pediatric and adolescent patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2019; 29: 2560-72.
- Zhou JH, Cai JJ, She ZG, Li HL. Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 1307-26.
- Khaire A, Rathod R, Kale A, Joshi S. Vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids together regulate lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 99: 7-17.
- Koplay M, Gulcan E, Ozkan F. Association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the degree of steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Investig Med 2011; 59: 1137-40.
- Zhang Z, Thorne JL, Moore JB. Vitamin D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22: 449-58.
- Zhai HL, Wang NJ, Han B, . et al. Low vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, evidence for their independent association in men in East China: a cross-sectional study (Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China)). Br J Nutr 2016; 115: 1352-9.
- Black LJ, Jacoby P, She Ping-Delfos WC, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations associate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents independent of adiposity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 1215-22.
- Wang Q, Shi X, Wang J, Zhang J, Xu C. Low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with obese but not lean NAFLD: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2021; 20: 30.
Analysis of clinical findings and serum micronutrients in pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Abstract
Aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic finding of systemic lipid and energy metabolism disorder. NAFLD is frequently observed in people with higher body mass index. Serum micronutrient levels play an important role in hepatic metabolism.
Material and Method: This study included 60 NAFLD and 66 control patients. . NAFLD and control groups were compared in terms of ultrasonography (USG) and shear wave elastography (SWE) results. The two groups were compared in serum lipid profile, aminotransferase, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR. Both groups were then analyzed in terms of serum ferritin, B12, and vitamin D levels.
Results: . 35% (n=21) of the patients in the NAFLD group had grade 1, 55% (n=33) had grade 2 and 10% (n=6) had grade 3 adiposity. HOMA-IR and insulin levels were higher in the NAFLD group (p=0.02; p=0.001). While the serum ferritin level of the patients in the NAFLD group was higher than the control group (p=0.001); the B12 level was lower (p=0.006). In terms of vitamin D, there was no difference (p=0.368).
Conclusion: It is essential to identify risk factors in children on follow-up due to NAFLD. USG and liver function tests remain the first option in the diagnosis and screening of NAFLD in children. Serum ferritin, B12, and vitamin D levels of children on follow-up due to NAFLD should be analyzed in consideration of liver fattening.
Keywords
References
- Caldwell SH, Ikura Y, Iezzoni JC, Liu Z. Has natural selection in human populations produced two types of metabolic syndrome (with and without fatty liver)? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 501-2.
- Takaki A, Kawai D, Yamamoto K. Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14: 20704-28.
- Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Newman JW, et al. Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172: 490-502.
- Gawrieh S, Opara EC, Koch TR. Oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and antioxidant therapies. J Investig Med 2004; 52: 506-14.
- Holterman AX, Guzman G, Fantuzzi G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese adolescent and adult patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21: 591-7.
- Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose Consumption, Lipogenesis, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9: 981.
- Hirsova P, Gores GJ. Death receptor-mediated cell death and proinflammatory signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1: 17-27.
- Ganji SH, Kashyap ML, Kamanna VS. Niacin inhibits fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in cultured hepatocytes: Impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2015; 64: 982-90.
- Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Patsiaoura K, et al. Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63: 659-66.
- Britton LJ, Subramaniam VN, Crawford DH. Iron and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 8112-22.
- Roth CL, Elfers CT, Figlewicz DP, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in obese rats exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increases hepatic resistin and Toll-like receptor activation. Hepatology 2012; 55: 1103-11.
- Prati D, Taioli E, Zanella A, Della Torre E, Butelli S, Del Vecchio E, et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:1-9
- Mencin AA, Lavine JE. Advances in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011; 58: 1375-92.
- Alswat KA, Fallatah HI, Al-Judaibi B, et al. Position statement on the diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi Med J 2019; 40: 531-40.
- Anderson EL, Howe LD, Jones HE, Higgins JP, Lawlor DA, Fraser A. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0140908.
- Manco M, Bedogni G, Marcellini M, et al. Waist circumference correlates with liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2008; 57: 1283-7.
- Monteiro PA, Antunes Bde M, Silveira LS, Christofaro DG, Fernandes RA, Freitas Junior IF. Body composition variables as predictors of NAFLD by ultrasound in obese children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14: 25.
- Patton HM, Lavine JE, Van Natta ML, et al. Clinical correlates of histopathology in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1961-71.
- Fracanzani AL, Valenti L, Bugianesi E, et al. Risk of severe liver disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with normal aminotransferase levels: a role for insulin resistance and diabetes. Hepatology 2008; 48: 792-8.
- Eng K, Lopez R, Liccardo D, Nobili V, Alkhouri N. A non-invasive prediction model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in paediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 1008-13.
- Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Kotronen A, et al. Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 2266-74.
- Nobili V, Donati B, Panera N, et al. A 4-polymorphism risk score predicts steatohepatitis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 632-6.
- Yilmaz Y, Ergelen R, Akin H, Imeryuz N. Noninvasive detection of hepatic steatosis in patients without ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver using the controlled attenuation parameter evaluated with transient elastography. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 1330-4.
- Kim DW, Park C, Yoon HM, et al. Technical performance of shear wave elastography for measuring liver stiffness in pediatric and adolescent patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2019; 29: 2560-72.
- Zhou JH, Cai JJ, She ZG, Li HL. Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 1307-26.
- Khaire A, Rathod R, Kale A, Joshi S. Vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids together regulate lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 99: 7-17.
- Koplay M, Gulcan E, Ozkan F. Association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the degree of steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Investig Med 2011; 59: 1137-40.
- Zhang Z, Thorne JL, Moore JB. Vitamin D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22: 449-58.
- Zhai HL, Wang NJ, Han B, . et al. Low vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, evidence for their independent association in men in East China: a cross-sectional study (Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China)). Br J Nutr 2016; 115: 1352-9.
- Black LJ, Jacoby P, She Ping-Delfos WC, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations associate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents independent of adiposity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 1215-22.
- Wang Q, Shi X, Wang J, Zhang J, Xu C. Low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with obese but not lean NAFLD: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2021; 20: 30.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
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| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
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| Early Pub Date | January 9, 2023 |
| Publication Date | January 12, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
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