Research Article
Influence of Fiber Stacking Sequence in Inter-ply Hybrid Composites Structures on the Mechanical and Dynamics Properties
Abstract
With the new manufactured methods developed in recent years, the application areas of layered
composite structures have increased considerably. In order to increase the utilization performances of these
structures, hybrid composite structures were obtained by using single fabrics in different sequences. While many
studies have been carried out on the mechanical properties of layered hybrid composite structures, studies on
dynamic properties are not enough. In the scope of this work, samples with 4 layers with 4 different sequence
were manufactured by using VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding) method using single glass (G4)
and single carbon (C4) fibers. These samples are either single composite structures consisting of simple glass (C4)
and plain carbon (K4) or symmetric composites with different order of arrangements of these two fibers within the
same structure (CGGC and GCCG). Samples were cut from produced composite sheets for three point bending,
tensile and vibration tests according to the relevant ASTM standards. With three point bending tests determined
the maximum flexural strength of the samples. Tensile tests were performed to determine the young modulus of
the samples. In addition, natural frequency and damping ratio values were determined by free vibration analysis
under fixed-free boundary conditions. With the obtained results, the effect of sequence of interply hybrid composite
structures on the maximum flexural strength, the modulus of elasticity and vibrational properties was investigated.
References
- ASTM D3039/D3039M – 14, 2013. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
- ASTM D790 – 10, 2011. Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. ASTM International, PA 19428-2959, United States.
- ASTM Standard E756 − 05 (Reapproved 2010), 2013. Standard Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
- Baburaj V, Matsuzaki Y. 1993. Micromechanics and materials damping analysis of an intraply hybrid composite lamina (Conference Paper). Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Volume 20, 40: 473-485.
- Berthelot JM, Assarar M, Sefrani Y, Mahi AE, 2008. Damping analysis of composite materials and structures, Composite Structures, 85: 189–204.
- Bulut M, Bozkurt ÖY, Erkliğ A, 2016. Damping and vibration characteristics of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid composite laminates. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 36.
- Bulut M, Erkliğ A, Yeter E, 2016. Experimental investigation on influence of Kevlar fiber hybridization on tensile and damping response of Kevlar/glass/epoxy resin composite laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 50: 1875–1886.
- Chung D, 2003. Structural composite materials tailored for damping. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 355: 216-223.
- Crane R, Gillespie J. 1991. Characterization of the vibration damping loss factor of glass and graphite fiber composites, Composites Science and Technology, 40(4): 355-375.
- De Rosa IM, Marra F, Pulci G, Santulli C, Sarasini F, Tirillo J, Valente M, 2011. Post-impact mechanical characterisation of E-glass/basalt woven fabric interply hybrid laminates. Express Polymer Letters, 5(5): 449-459.
- Doebling S, Farrar C, Prime M, Shevitz D, 1996. Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: A literature review. Tech. Rep., Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
- Dorigato A, Pegoretti A, 2013. Flexural and impact behaviour of carbon/basalt fibers hybrid laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(9): 1121-1130.
- Maheri M, Adams R, 2002. Modal Vibration Damping of Anisotropic FRP Laminates Using The Rayleigh–Ritz Energy Minimization Scheme. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 259: 17-29.
- Maheri MR, 2010. The effect of layup and boundary conditions on the modal damping of FRP composite panels. Journal of Composite Materials, 45: 1411–1422.
- Mahi AE, Assarar M, Sefrani Y, Berthelot JM, 2008. Damping analysis of orthotropic composite materials and laminates. Composites Part B: Engineering, 39: 1069–1076.
- Mohamed NM, El-Wazery M.S, El-Elamy I, Zoalfakar S.H, 2017. Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Hybrid Composite laminates. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology, 05(03): 1703–1725.
- Murugan R, Ramesh R, Padmanabhan K, 2014. Investigation on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Based Woven Fabric Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Laminates. 12th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management, GCMM 2014, Procedia Engineering, 97: 459 – 468.
- Ni R, Adams R, 1984. A rational method for obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of laminae for predicting the stiffness and damping of laminated plates and beams. Composites, 15 (3): 193-199.
- Selver E, Ucar N, Gulmez T, 2017. Effect of stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and thermomechanical properties of hybrid flax/glass and jute/glass thermoset composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 0(00): 1-26.
- Strong AB, 2008. Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing - Materials, Methods, and Applications. Second Edition, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Michagan, USA. 620 p.
- Subagia IDGA, Kim Y, 2013. A study on flexural properties of carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27 (4): 987-992.
- Subagia IDGA, Kim Y, Tijing LD., Kim CS., 2014. Shond HK, Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering Volume 58: 251–258.
- Swolfs Y, Gorbatikh L, Verpoest I, 2014. Fibre hybridisation in polymer composites: A review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 67:181–200.
- Talbot J, Woodhouse J, 1997. The vibration damping of laminated plates. Compos Part A, Appl Sci Manuf., 97: 1007-1012.
- Treviso A, Genechten BV, Mundo D, Tournour M, 2015. Damping in composite materials: Properties and models. Composites Part B, 78: 144-152.
- Yeter E, Erkliğ A, Bulut M, 2014. Hybridization effects on the buckling behavior of laminated composite plates. Composite Structures, 118: 19–27.
- Zhang J, Chaisombat K, He S, Wang CH, 2011. Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 36: 75–80.
Inter-ply Hibrit Kompozit Yapılarda Elyaf Diziliş Sıralamasının Mekanik ve Dinamik Özelliklere Etkisi
Abstract
Son yıllarda geliştirilen yeni üretim metotları ile tabakalı kompozit yapıların kullanım alanları dikkate
değer bir şekilde artmıştır. Bu yapıların kullanım performanslarını arttırmak amacıyla farklı tekil kumaşlar,
farklı diziliş sıraları ile aynı kompozit yapıda kullanılarak hibrit kompozit yapılar elde edilmiştir. Tabakalı hibrit
kompozit yapıların mekanik özellikleri ile ilgili birçok araştırma yapılmışken dinamik özellikleri ile ilgili yapılan
araştırmalar henüz yeterli değildir. Bu çalışma kapsamında; tekil cam (C) ve tekil karbon (K) elyaflar kullanılarak
VARTM (Vakum Destekli Reçine Transfer Kalıplama) yöntemi ile 4 tabakalı, 4 farklı diziliş sırasına sahip
numunelerin üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu numuneler; sade cam (C4), sade karbon (K4) olmak üzere iki tekil
kompozit yapı ve bu iki elyaf türünün aynı yapı içerisinde simetrik olarak farklı diziliş sıralarıyla kullanılmasıyla
elde edilen iki farklı hibrit kompozit yapıdan (KCCK ve CKKC) oluşmaktadır. Üretilen kompozit levhalardan,
ilgili ASTM standartlarına göre üç nokta eğilme, çekme ve titreşim testleri için gerekli olan numuneler kesilerek
elde edilmiştir. Üç nokta eğilme testleri yapılarak numunelerin maksimum eğilme dayanımları ve çekme testleri
yapılarak numunelerin elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ankastre-serbest sınır şartında serbest titreşim
analizleri yapılarak doğal frekans ve sönüm oranı değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile interply hibrit
kompozit yapılarda diziliş sırasının maksimum eğilme dayanımı, elastisite modülü ve titreşim özelliklerine etkisi
incelenmiştir.
References
- ASTM D3039/D3039M – 14, 2013. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
- ASTM D790 – 10, 2011. Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. ASTM International, PA 19428-2959, United States.
- ASTM Standard E756 − 05 (Reapproved 2010), 2013. Standard Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
- Baburaj V, Matsuzaki Y. 1993. Micromechanics and materials damping analysis of an intraply hybrid composite lamina (Conference Paper). Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Volume 20, 40: 473-485.
- Berthelot JM, Assarar M, Sefrani Y, Mahi AE, 2008. Damping analysis of composite materials and structures, Composite Structures, 85: 189–204.
- Bulut M, Bozkurt ÖY, Erkliğ A, 2016. Damping and vibration characteristics of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid composite laminates. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 36.
- Bulut M, Erkliğ A, Yeter E, 2016. Experimental investigation on influence of Kevlar fiber hybridization on tensile and damping response of Kevlar/glass/epoxy resin composite laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 50: 1875–1886.
- Chung D, 2003. Structural composite materials tailored for damping. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 355: 216-223.
- Crane R, Gillespie J. 1991. Characterization of the vibration damping loss factor of glass and graphite fiber composites, Composites Science and Technology, 40(4): 355-375.
- De Rosa IM, Marra F, Pulci G, Santulli C, Sarasini F, Tirillo J, Valente M, 2011. Post-impact mechanical characterisation of E-glass/basalt woven fabric interply hybrid laminates. Express Polymer Letters, 5(5): 449-459.
- Doebling S, Farrar C, Prime M, Shevitz D, 1996. Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: A literature review. Tech. Rep., Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
- Dorigato A, Pegoretti A, 2013. Flexural and impact behaviour of carbon/basalt fibers hybrid laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(9): 1121-1130.
- Maheri M, Adams R, 2002. Modal Vibration Damping of Anisotropic FRP Laminates Using The Rayleigh–Ritz Energy Minimization Scheme. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 259: 17-29.
- Maheri MR, 2010. The effect of layup and boundary conditions on the modal damping of FRP composite panels. Journal of Composite Materials, 45: 1411–1422.
- Mahi AE, Assarar M, Sefrani Y, Berthelot JM, 2008. Damping analysis of orthotropic composite materials and laminates. Composites Part B: Engineering, 39: 1069–1076.
- Mohamed NM, El-Wazery M.S, El-Elamy I, Zoalfakar S.H, 2017. Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Hybrid Composite laminates. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology, 05(03): 1703–1725.
- Murugan R, Ramesh R, Padmanabhan K, 2014. Investigation on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Based Woven Fabric Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Laminates. 12th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management, GCMM 2014, Procedia Engineering, 97: 459 – 468.
- Ni R, Adams R, 1984. A rational method for obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of laminae for predicting the stiffness and damping of laminated plates and beams. Composites, 15 (3): 193-199.
- Selver E, Ucar N, Gulmez T, 2017. Effect of stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and thermomechanical properties of hybrid flax/glass and jute/glass thermoset composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 0(00): 1-26.
- Strong AB, 2008. Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing - Materials, Methods, and Applications. Second Edition, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Michagan, USA. 620 p.
- Subagia IDGA, Kim Y, 2013. A study on flexural properties of carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27 (4): 987-992.
- Subagia IDGA, Kim Y, Tijing LD., Kim CS., 2014. Shond HK, Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering Volume 58: 251–258.
- Swolfs Y, Gorbatikh L, Verpoest I, 2014. Fibre hybridisation in polymer composites: A review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 67:181–200.
- Talbot J, Woodhouse J, 1997. The vibration damping of laminated plates. Compos Part A, Appl Sci Manuf., 97: 1007-1012.
- Treviso A, Genechten BV, Mundo D, Tournour M, 2015. Damping in composite materials: Properties and models. Composites Part B, 78: 144-152.
- Yeter E, Erkliğ A, Bulut M, 2014. Hybridization effects on the buckling behavior of laminated composite plates. Composite Structures, 118: 19–27.
- Zhang J, Chaisombat K, He S, Wang CH, 2011. Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 36: 75–80.
There are 27 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Mechanical Engineering |
| Journal Section | Makina Mühendisliği / Mechanical Engineering |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2018 |
| Submission Date | February 18, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | April 25, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 |