Research Article
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Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?

Year 2019, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 67 - 70, 18.07.2019

Ahmet Onur Gırısgın Mehmet Ozuıclı Saidal Ali Bah Oya Gırısgın Levent Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.464281
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor is one of the most important agents for substantial losses in honeybee colonies throughout the world.
Several acaricides consisting of synthetic and organic compounds are being used to combat mite. This study was conducted to determine the
efficacies of three synthetic acaricides in naturally infested honeybee colonies at consecutive two autumn seasons. Acaricides were commercial
preparations of coumaphos (liquid and plastic strips), amitraz (fumigation and plastic strip) and flumethrin (plastic and wooden strips)
as a treatment group consisting of eight hives per drug. A control group was kept in both seasons. All drugs were applied as prescribed to
the homogenised Varroa-infested honeybee colonies at consecutive two years. The evaluation of efficacies was based on the collected mite
percentage obtained with powdered sugar method and it was calculated through Henderson-Tilton’s formula. Dropped mites onto the pollen
drawers were also evaluated statistically and drugs were compared to each other. Results showed us the effective drugs (up to 90%) were
amitraz plastic strip, flumethrin wooden strip and coumaphos plastic strip with 98.5%, 96.5%, and 93.2% averages, respectively according to
formula if evaluated within two autumn seasons. Fumigation of amitraz is not sufficient if compared to others and the control group. This data
is discussed for suspicion of the possible resistance of mites or misuse of the product with this kind of application.

Keywords

Acaricide chemical honeybee Turkey Varroa destructor

References

  • 1. Klein A, Vaissière BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke, T. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Biol Sci. 2007; 274: 303-313.
  • 2. Aydın L. Varroosis. In: Aydın L, Doğanay A, eds. Bal Arısı Yetiştiriciliği, Ürünleri, Hastalıkları. Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa-Türkiye, 2017: 212-226.
  • 3. De Jong D. Mites: Varroa and other parasites of brood. In: Morse RA, Nowogrodzki R, eds. Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases, 2nd ed. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY, 1990: 200-218.
  • 4. Chen YP, Siede R. Honey bee viruses. Adv Virus Res. 2007; 70: 33-80.
  • 5. De Jong D, Goncalves LS, Morse RA. Dependence on climate of the virulence of Varroa jacobsoni. Bee World. 1984; 65(3): 117-121.
  • 6. Watkins M. Resistance and its relevance to beekeeping. Bee World. 1997; 78(1): 15-22.
  • 7. Eguaras M, Quiroga S, García C. The control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. (Acari: Gamasida) by means of Organic acids. Apiacta. 1996; 31: 51-54.
  • 8. Boncristiani H, Underwood R, Schwarz R, Evans JD, Pettis J, Van Engelsdorp D. Direct effect of acaricides on pathogen loads and gene expression levels in honey bees Apis mellifera. J Insect Physiol. 2012; 58(5): 613– 620.
  • 9. Milani N. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. to acaricides. Apidologie. 1999; 30(2-3): 229-234. 10. Elzen PJ, Baxter JR, Spivak M, Wilson WT. Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. resistant to fluvalinate and amitraz using coumaphos. Apidologie. 2000; 31(3): 437- 441.
  • 11. Maggi M, Peralta L, Ruffinengo S, Fuselli S, Eguaras M. Body size variability of Varroa destructor and its role in acaricide tolerance. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(6): 2333–4.
  • 12. Johnson RM, Ellis MD, Mullin CA, Frazier M. Pesticides and honeybee toxicity – USA. Apidologie. 2010; 41(1): 312–331.
  • 13. Zhu W, Schmehl DR, Mullin CA, Frazier JL. Four common pesticides, their mixtures and a formulation solvent in the hive environment have high oral toxicity to honey bee larvae. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e77547.
  • 14. Dietemann V, Nazzi F, Martin SJ, Anderson D, Locke B, Delaplane KS, Wauquiez Q, Tannahill C, Frey E, Ziegelmann B, Rosenkranz P, Ellis JD. Standard methods for varroa research. J Apic Res. 2013; 52(1): 1 – 54.
  • 15. Henderson CF, Tilton EW. Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. J Econ Entomol. 1955; 48(2): 157-161.
  • 16. Elzen PJ, Westervelt D. Detection of coumaphos resistance in Varroa destructor in Florida. Am Bee J. 2002; 142: 291–292.
  • 17. Semkiw P, Skubida P, Pohorecka K. The amitraz strips efficacy in control of Varroa destructor after many years application of amitraz in apiaries. J Apic Sci. 2013; 57(1): 107-121.
  • 18. Blacquière T, Altreuther G, Krieger KJ. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of flumethrin 275 mg bee-hive strips (PolyVar Yellow®) against Varroa destructor in naturally infested honey bee colonies in a controlled study. Parasitol Res. 2017; 116(1): 109-122.
  • 19. Leza MM, Lladó G, Miranda-Chueca MA. Comparison of the efficacy of Apiguard (thymol) and Apivar (amitraz) in the control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae). Spanish J Agric Res. 2015; 13(3): 1-5.
  • 20. Floris I, Satta A, Garau VL, Melis M, Cabras P, Aloul N. Effectiveness, persistence, and residue of amitraz plastic strips in the apiary control of Varroa destructor. Apidologie. 2001; 32: 577-585.
  • 21. Pires S, Murilhas A, Pereira O, Maia M. Current effectiveness of amitraz against Varroa in Portugal. Proceedings of 39th Apimondia International Apicultural Congress, Dublin, Ireland, 2005: 78.
  • 22. Kumova U. The investigation on the effects of some chemicals used to control Varroa jacobsoni in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2001; 25: 597-602 (Turkish with English abstract).

Year 2019, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 67 - 70, 18.07.2019

Ahmet Onur Gırısgın Mehmet Ozuıclı Saidal Ali Bah Oya Gırısgın Levent Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.464281
Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

  • 1. Klein A, Vaissière BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke, T. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Biol Sci. 2007; 274: 303-313.
  • 2. Aydın L. Varroosis. In: Aydın L, Doğanay A, eds. Bal Arısı Yetiştiriciliği, Ürünleri, Hastalıkları. Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa-Türkiye, 2017: 212-226.
  • 3. De Jong D. Mites: Varroa and other parasites of brood. In: Morse RA, Nowogrodzki R, eds. Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases, 2nd ed. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY, 1990: 200-218.
  • 4. Chen YP, Siede R. Honey bee viruses. Adv Virus Res. 2007; 70: 33-80.
  • 5. De Jong D, Goncalves LS, Morse RA. Dependence on climate of the virulence of Varroa jacobsoni. Bee World. 1984; 65(3): 117-121.
  • 6. Watkins M. Resistance and its relevance to beekeeping. Bee World. 1997; 78(1): 15-22.
  • 7. Eguaras M, Quiroga S, García C. The control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. (Acari: Gamasida) by means of Organic acids. Apiacta. 1996; 31: 51-54.
  • 8. Boncristiani H, Underwood R, Schwarz R, Evans JD, Pettis J, Van Engelsdorp D. Direct effect of acaricides on pathogen loads and gene expression levels in honey bees Apis mellifera. J Insect Physiol. 2012; 58(5): 613– 620.
  • 9. Milani N. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. to acaricides. Apidologie. 1999; 30(2-3): 229-234. 10. Elzen PJ, Baxter JR, Spivak M, Wilson WT. Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. resistant to fluvalinate and amitraz using coumaphos. Apidologie. 2000; 31(3): 437- 441.
  • 11. Maggi M, Peralta L, Ruffinengo S, Fuselli S, Eguaras M. Body size variability of Varroa destructor and its role in acaricide tolerance. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(6): 2333–4.
  • 12. Johnson RM, Ellis MD, Mullin CA, Frazier M. Pesticides and honeybee toxicity – USA. Apidologie. 2010; 41(1): 312–331.
  • 13. Zhu W, Schmehl DR, Mullin CA, Frazier JL. Four common pesticides, their mixtures and a formulation solvent in the hive environment have high oral toxicity to honey bee larvae. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e77547.
  • 14. Dietemann V, Nazzi F, Martin SJ, Anderson D, Locke B, Delaplane KS, Wauquiez Q, Tannahill C, Frey E, Ziegelmann B, Rosenkranz P, Ellis JD. Standard methods for varroa research. J Apic Res. 2013; 52(1): 1 – 54.
  • 15. Henderson CF, Tilton EW. Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. J Econ Entomol. 1955; 48(2): 157-161.
  • 16. Elzen PJ, Westervelt D. Detection of coumaphos resistance in Varroa destructor in Florida. Am Bee J. 2002; 142: 291–292.
  • 17. Semkiw P, Skubida P, Pohorecka K. The amitraz strips efficacy in control of Varroa destructor after many years application of amitraz in apiaries. J Apic Sci. 2013; 57(1): 107-121.
  • 18. Blacquière T, Altreuther G, Krieger KJ. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of flumethrin 275 mg bee-hive strips (PolyVar Yellow®) against Varroa destructor in naturally infested honey bee colonies in a controlled study. Parasitol Res. 2017; 116(1): 109-122.
  • 19. Leza MM, Lladó G, Miranda-Chueca MA. Comparison of the efficacy of Apiguard (thymol) and Apivar (amitraz) in the control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae). Spanish J Agric Res. 2015; 13(3): 1-5.
  • 20. Floris I, Satta A, Garau VL, Melis M, Cabras P, Aloul N. Effectiveness, persistence, and residue of amitraz plastic strips in the apiary control of Varroa destructor. Apidologie. 2001; 32: 577-585.
  • 21. Pires S, Murilhas A, Pereira O, Maia M. Current effectiveness of amitraz against Varroa in Portugal. Proceedings of 39th Apimondia International Apicultural Congress, Dublin, Ireland, 2005: 78.
  • 22. Kumova U. The investigation on the effects of some chemicals used to control Varroa jacobsoni in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2001; 25: 597-602 (Turkish with English abstract).
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Onur Gırısgın 0000-0002-0020-2708

Mehmet Ozuıclı This is me 0000-0003-3415-2582

Saidal Ali Bah This is me 0000-0002-9766-1205

Oya Gırısgın This is me 0000-0001-9896-1093

Levent Aydın This is me 0000-0002-2875-8003

Publication Date July 18, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 38 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gırısgın, A. O., Ozuıclı, M., Bah, S. A., Gırısgın, O., et al. (2019). Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, 38(1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.464281
AMA Gırısgın AO, Ozuıclı M, Bah SA, Gırısgın O, Aydın L. Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?. J Res Vet Med. July 2019;38(1):67-70. doi:10.30782/uluvfd.464281
Chicago Gırısgın, Ahmet Onur, Mehmet Ozuıclı, Saidal Ali Bah, Oya Gırısgın, and Levent Aydın. “Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: An Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (July 2019): 67-70. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.464281.
EndNote Gırısgın AO, Ozuıclı M, Bah SA, Gırısgın O, Aydın L (July 1, 2019) Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 38 1 67–70.
IEEE A. O. Gırısgın, M. Ozuıclı, S. A. Bah, O. Gırısgın, and L. Aydın, “Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?”, J Res Vet Med, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 67–70, 2019, doi: 10.30782/uluvfd.464281.
ISNAD Gırısgın, Ahmet Onur et al. “Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: An Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 38/1 (July 2019), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.464281.
JAMA Gırısgın AO, Ozuıclı M, Bah SA, Gırısgın O, Aydın L. Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?. J Res Vet Med. 2019;38:67–70.
MLA Gırısgın, Ahmet Onur et al. “Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: An Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, vol. 38, no. 1, 2019, pp. 67-70, doi:10.30782/uluvfd.464281.
Vancouver Gırısgın AO, Ozuıclı M, Bah SA, Gırısgın O, Aydın L. Evaluation of Some Synthetic Acaricides Against Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Turkey: an Indication of Resistance or Misuse of Fumigant Amitraz?. J Res Vet Med. 2019;38(1):67-70.

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https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1194