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Investıgatıon Of Vitamin B12, Folate And Vitamin DLevels İn Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 36 - 41, 26.07.2017

Abstract

References

  • Kaynaklar1. American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. 2013 Washington,DC.2. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S, Autism. Lancet 2014;383:896-910.3. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matt-hews FE, Brayne C. Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditi-ons: UK school-based population study. Br J Psychiatry2009;194: 500-509.4. Kim YS, Fombonne E, Koh YJ, Kim SJ, Cheon KA, LeventhalBL. A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disor-der and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epi-demiologic sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child& Adolescent Psychiatry 2014;53(5):500-508.5. Ashwood P, Wills S, Van de Water J. The immune response inautism: a new frontier for autism research. J Leukoc Biol2006;80:1-15.6. Kinney DK, Barch DH, Chayka B, Napoleon S, Munir KM. En-vironmental risk factors for autism: do they help cause de novogenetic mutations that contribute to the disorder?. Medicalhypotheses 2010:74(1):102-106.7. Stanger O, Fowler B, Piertzik K, Huemer M, Haschke-BecherE, Semmler A et al.. Homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 inneuropsychiatric diseases: review and treatment recommen-dations.Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2009;9(9): 1393-1412.8. Kim TH, Moon SW. Serum homocysteine and folate levels inkorean schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry investigation2011;8(2):134-140.9. Haidemenos A, Kontis D, Gazi A, Kallai E, Allin M, Lucia B.Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophre-nia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and BiologicalPsychiatry 2007;31(6):1289-1296.10.Mabrouk H, Douki W, Mechri A, Younes MK, Omezzine A, Bo-uslama A, et al.. Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia:case control study. L'Encephale 2011;37(4):308-313.11.Muntjewerff JW, Kahn RS, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Homocys-teine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schi-zophrenia: a meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry2006;11(2):143-149.12.Zhang Y, Hodgson NW, Trivedi MS, Abdolmaleky HM, Four-nier M, Cuenod M, et al.. Decreased brain levels of vitaminB12 in aging, autism and schizophrenia. PloS one2016:11(1):e0146797.13.Tu WJ, Yin CH, Guo YQ, Li SO, Chen H, Zhang Y, et al.. Se-rum homocysteine concentrations in Chinese children with au-tism. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine2013;51(2):e19-e22.14. Al-Farsi YM, Waly MI, Deth RC, Al-Sharbati MM, Al-Sha-faee M, Al-Farsi O, et al.. Low folate and vitamin B12 nou-rishment is common in Omani children with newly diagnosedautism. Nutrition 2013;29(3):537-541.15. Ali A, Waly MI, Al-Farsi YM, Essa MM, Al-Sharbati MM, DethRC. Hyperhomocysteinemia among Omani autistic children:a case-control study. Acta Biochim Pol 2011;58(4):547-551.16.Puig-Alcaraz C, Fuentes-Albero M, Calderón J, Garrote D,Cauli O. Increased homocysteine levels correlate with the com-munication deficit in children with autism spectrum disorder.Psychiatry research 2015;229(3):1031-1037.17.Tolmunen T, Hintikka J, Voutilainen S, Ruusunen A, AlfthanG, Nyyssönen K, et al.. Association between depressivesymptoms and serum concentrations of homocysteine inmen: a population study. The American journal of clinical nut-rition 2004;80(6):1574-1578.18.Tiemeier H, Van Tuijl HR, Hofman A, Meijer J, Kiliaan AJ,Breteler MM. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in dep-ression: the Rotterdam Study. American Journal of Psychiatry2002;159(12):2099-2101.19. Esnafoğlu E, Yaman E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocystei-ne and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with ob-sessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research2017;254:232-237.20. Saad K, Abdel-rahman AA, Elserogy YM, Al-Atram AA, Can-nell JJ, Bjørklund G, et al.. Vitamin D status in autism spect-rum disorders and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children. Nutritional neuroscience 2015:1-6.21.Wang T, Shan L, Du L, Feng J, Xu Z, Staal WG, Jia F. Serumconcentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in autism spectrum di-sorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European child& adolescent psychiatry 2016;25(4):341-350.22.Feng J, Shan L, Du L, Wang B, Li H, Wang W, Staal WG. Cli-nical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in Au-tism Spectrum Disorder. Nutritional neuroscience 2016:1-7.23.Valipour G, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Serum vitamin D le-vels in relation to schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Journal of Clinical En-docrinology & Metabolism 2014;99(10):3863-3872.24.Crews M, Lally J, Gardner-Sood P, Howes O, Bonaccorso S,Smith S, Gaughran F. Vitamin D deficiency in first episodepsychosis: A case–control study. Schizophrenia research2013;150(2):533-537.25.McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Pedersen CB, Anderson C, Ko P, Bur-ne TH, Mortensen PB. Neonatal vitamin D status and risk ofschizophrenia: a population-based case-control study. Arc-hives of general psychiatry 2010;67(9):889-894.26.Berk M, Sanders KM, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Williams LJ, Hay-les AL, Dodd S. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in dep-ression.Medical hypotheses 2007;69(6):1316-1319.27.Bertone-Johnson ER. Vitamin D and the occurrence of dep-ression: causal association or circumstantial evidence?.Nutrition reviews 2009;67(8):481-492.28.Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC, SchoeversR, Van Hemert AM, et al.. The association between low vita-min D and depressive disorders. Molecular psychiatry2014;19(4).29.Anglin RE, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin Ddeficiency and depression in adults: systematic review andmeta-analysis. The British journal of psychiatry2013;202(2):100-107.30.Bicíková M, Dusková M, Vítku J, Kalvachová B, Rípová D,Mohr P, Stárka L. Vitamin D in Anxiety and Affective Disor-ders. Physiological Research 2015;64:S101.31.Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D, effects on bra-in development, adult brain function and the links between lowlevels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Frontiersin neuroendocrinology 2013;34(1):47-64.32.Harms LR, Burne TH, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D andthe brain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology& Metabolism 2011;25(4):657-669.33.McCann JC, Ames BN. Is there convincing biological or be-havioral evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to braindysfunction?. The FASEB Journal 2008;22(4):982-1001.34. Sucuoglu B, Oktem F, Akkok F, Gokler B. A study of the sca-les for the assessment of the children with autism. Psikiyat-ri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji 1996;4:116-121.35. Bottiglieri T. Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depres-sion.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and BiologicalPsychiatry 2005;29(7):1103-1112.36.Coşar A, İpcioğlu OM, Özcan Ö, Gültepe M. Folate and ho-mocysteine metabolisms and their roles in the biochemical ba-sis of neuropsychiatry. Turkish journal of medical sciences2014;44(1):1-9.37.Ho PI, Ortiz D, Rogers E, Shea TB. Multiple aspects of homocys-teine neurotoxicity: glutamate excitotoxicity, kinase hyperac-tivation and DNA damage. Journal of neuroscience research2002;70(5):694-702.38.Bhatia P, Singh N. Homocysteine excess: delineating the pos-sible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression. Fundamen-tal & clinical pharmacology 2015;29(6):522-528.39.Mattson MP, Shea TB. Folate and homocysteine metabolismin neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trendsin neurosciences 2003;26(3):137-146.40. Schaevitz LR, Berger-Sweeney JE. Gene–environment interac-tions and epigenetic pathways in autism: The importance of one-carbon metabolism. ILAR Journal 2012;53(3-4):322-340.41. Kauna-Czapliska J, urawicz E, Michalska M, RynkowskiJ. A focus on homocysteine in autism. Acta Biochim Pol2013;60(2):137-142.42. Cannell JJ, Grant WB. What is the role of vitamin D in au-tism?.Dermato-endocrinology 2013;5(1):199-204.43.Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D hormone regulates seroto-nin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism. The FASEB Jo-urnal 2014;28(6):2398-2413.44.Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acidscontrol serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance forADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive beha-vior. The FASEB Journal 2015;29(6):2207-2222.45. Bandini LG, Anderson SE, Curtin C, Cermak S, Evans EW,Scampini R, et al.. Food selectivity in children with autismspectrum disorders and typically developing children. The Jo-urnal of pediatrics 2010;157(2):259-264.46. Clark JH, Rhoden DK, Turner DS. Symptomatic vitamin A andD deficiencies in an eight-year-old with autism. Journal of Pa-renteral and Enteral Nutrition 1993;17(3):284-286.47. McAbee GN, Prieto DM, Kirby J, Santilli AM, Setty R. Per-manent visual loss due to dietary vitamin A deficiency in anautistic adolescent. Journal of child neurology2009;24(10):1288-1289.48. Tanoue K, Matsui K, Takamasu T. Fried-potato diet causesvitamin A deficiency in an autistic child. Journal of Parente-ral and Enteral Nutrition 2012;36(6):753-755.49. Swartz A, Patton K, Phillips S, Truex L, Weems M, Must A,Bandini L. Dietary Absence of Fruits and Vegetables over a3-Day Period: An Analysis Comparing Children with AutismSpectrum Disorder (ASD) and Typically Developing (TD)Children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2016;116(9):A76.50. Adams JB, Audhya T, McDonough-Means S, Rubin RA, QuigD, Geis E, et al.. Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement onchildren and adults with autism. BMC pediatrics2011;11(1):111.51. Leeming RJ, Lucock M. Autism: Is there a folate connection?.Journal of inherited metabolic disease 2009;32(3):400-402.52. Schmidt RJ, Hansen RL, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Schmidt LC,Tancredi DJ, et al.. Prenatal vitamins, one-carbon metabo-lism gene variants, and risk for autism. Epidemiology (Cam-bridge, Mass.) 2011;22(4):476.

Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 36 - 41, 26.07.2017

Abstract

ÖzOtizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) bulunan çocuklarda belirgin yiyecek seçiciliği vebazı davranış özellikleri bulunmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda bu çocuklarda besin öğele-ri eksiklikleri gelişebilmektedir. Ayrıca tek karbon metabolizması ve vitamin D,OSB’nun patogenezinde rol oynayabilmektedir. Bu amaçla yapılan incelemede OSB bu-lunan çocuklarda Vitamin B12 ve Vitamin D eksikliği belirgin şekilde saptanmıştır (heriki değer için de p<0.001). Folat düzeylerinde ise anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilememiş-tir (p:0.487). Ayrıca sözel iletişim yetersizliği ile vitamin B12 ve vitamin D değerleri ara-sında anlamlı olarak negatif  korelasyonlar bulunmuştur (r:-0.234; p:0.042 ve r:-0297;p:0.009 sırasıyla). Bununla birlikte OSB şiddetini gösteren Çocukluk çağı otizm dere-celendirme ölçeği (CARS, Childhood autism rating scale) skoru ile vitamin B12 ve vi-tamin D arasında anlamlı olarak negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (r:-0.293; p:0.001 ver:-0.320; p<0.001, sırasıyla) .  Buna göre vitamin B12 ve vitamin D, OSB’nin patoge-nezinde rol oynayabilir ve OSB belirtilerinin şiddetlenmesine neden olabilir. Ayrıca OSBbulunan çocuklar sıklıkla vitamin eksiklikleri geliştirebilirler. 

References

  • Kaynaklar1. American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. 2013 Washington,DC.2. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S, Autism. Lancet 2014;383:896-910.3. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matt-hews FE, Brayne C. Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditi-ons: UK school-based population study. Br J Psychiatry2009;194: 500-509.4. Kim YS, Fombonne E, Koh YJ, Kim SJ, Cheon KA, LeventhalBL. A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disor-der and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epi-demiologic sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child& Adolescent Psychiatry 2014;53(5):500-508.5. Ashwood P, Wills S, Van de Water J. The immune response inautism: a new frontier for autism research. J Leukoc Biol2006;80:1-15.6. Kinney DK, Barch DH, Chayka B, Napoleon S, Munir KM. En-vironmental risk factors for autism: do they help cause de novogenetic mutations that contribute to the disorder?. Medicalhypotheses 2010:74(1):102-106.7. Stanger O, Fowler B, Piertzik K, Huemer M, Haschke-BecherE, Semmler A et al.. Homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 inneuropsychiatric diseases: review and treatment recommen-dations.Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2009;9(9): 1393-1412.8. Kim TH, Moon SW. Serum homocysteine and folate levels inkorean schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry investigation2011;8(2):134-140.9. Haidemenos A, Kontis D, Gazi A, Kallai E, Allin M, Lucia B.Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophre-nia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and BiologicalPsychiatry 2007;31(6):1289-1296.10.Mabrouk H, Douki W, Mechri A, Younes MK, Omezzine A, Bo-uslama A, et al.. Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia:case control study. L'Encephale 2011;37(4):308-313.11.Muntjewerff JW, Kahn RS, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Homocys-teine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schi-zophrenia: a meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry2006;11(2):143-149.12.Zhang Y, Hodgson NW, Trivedi MS, Abdolmaleky HM, Four-nier M, Cuenod M, et al.. Decreased brain levels of vitaminB12 in aging, autism and schizophrenia. PloS one2016:11(1):e0146797.13.Tu WJ, Yin CH, Guo YQ, Li SO, Chen H, Zhang Y, et al.. Se-rum homocysteine concentrations in Chinese children with au-tism. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine2013;51(2):e19-e22.14. Al-Farsi YM, Waly MI, Deth RC, Al-Sharbati MM, Al-Sha-faee M, Al-Farsi O, et al.. Low folate and vitamin B12 nou-rishment is common in Omani children with newly diagnosedautism. Nutrition 2013;29(3):537-541.15. Ali A, Waly MI, Al-Farsi YM, Essa MM, Al-Sharbati MM, DethRC. Hyperhomocysteinemia among Omani autistic children:a case-control study. Acta Biochim Pol 2011;58(4):547-551.16.Puig-Alcaraz C, Fuentes-Albero M, Calderón J, Garrote D,Cauli O. Increased homocysteine levels correlate with the com-munication deficit in children with autism spectrum disorder.Psychiatry research 2015;229(3):1031-1037.17.Tolmunen T, Hintikka J, Voutilainen S, Ruusunen A, AlfthanG, Nyyssönen K, et al.. Association between depressivesymptoms and serum concentrations of homocysteine inmen: a population study. The American journal of clinical nut-rition 2004;80(6):1574-1578.18.Tiemeier H, Van Tuijl HR, Hofman A, Meijer J, Kiliaan AJ,Breteler MM. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in dep-ression: the Rotterdam Study. American Journal of Psychiatry2002;159(12):2099-2101.19. Esnafoğlu E, Yaman E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocystei-ne and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with ob-sessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research2017;254:232-237.20. Saad K, Abdel-rahman AA, Elserogy YM, Al-Atram AA, Can-nell JJ, Bjørklund G, et al.. Vitamin D status in autism spect-rum disorders and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children. Nutritional neuroscience 2015:1-6.21.Wang T, Shan L, Du L, Feng J, Xu Z, Staal WG, Jia F. Serumconcentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in autism spectrum di-sorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European child& adolescent psychiatry 2016;25(4):341-350.22.Feng J, Shan L, Du L, Wang B, Li H, Wang W, Staal WG. Cli-nical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in Au-tism Spectrum Disorder. Nutritional neuroscience 2016:1-7.23.Valipour G, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Serum vitamin D le-vels in relation to schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Journal of Clinical En-docrinology & Metabolism 2014;99(10):3863-3872.24.Crews M, Lally J, Gardner-Sood P, Howes O, Bonaccorso S,Smith S, Gaughran F. Vitamin D deficiency in first episodepsychosis: A case–control study. Schizophrenia research2013;150(2):533-537.25.McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Pedersen CB, Anderson C, Ko P, Bur-ne TH, Mortensen PB. Neonatal vitamin D status and risk ofschizophrenia: a population-based case-control study. Arc-hives of general psychiatry 2010;67(9):889-894.26.Berk M, Sanders KM, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Williams LJ, Hay-les AL, Dodd S. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in dep-ression.Medical hypotheses 2007;69(6):1316-1319.27.Bertone-Johnson ER. Vitamin D and the occurrence of dep-ression: causal association or circumstantial evidence?.Nutrition reviews 2009;67(8):481-492.28.Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC, SchoeversR, Van Hemert AM, et al.. The association between low vita-min D and depressive disorders. Molecular psychiatry2014;19(4).29.Anglin RE, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin Ddeficiency and depression in adults: systematic review andmeta-analysis. The British journal of psychiatry2013;202(2):100-107.30.Bicíková M, Dusková M, Vítku J, Kalvachová B, Rípová D,Mohr P, Stárka L. Vitamin D in Anxiety and Affective Disor-ders. Physiological Research 2015;64:S101.31.Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D, effects on bra-in development, adult brain function and the links between lowlevels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Frontiersin neuroendocrinology 2013;34(1):47-64.32.Harms LR, Burne TH, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D andthe brain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology& Metabolism 2011;25(4):657-669.33.McCann JC, Ames BN. Is there convincing biological or be-havioral evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to braindysfunction?. The FASEB Journal 2008;22(4):982-1001.34. Sucuoglu B, Oktem F, Akkok F, Gokler B. A study of the sca-les for the assessment of the children with autism. Psikiyat-ri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji 1996;4:116-121.35. Bottiglieri T. Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depres-sion.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and BiologicalPsychiatry 2005;29(7):1103-1112.36.Coşar A, İpcioğlu OM, Özcan Ö, Gültepe M. Folate and ho-mocysteine metabolisms and their roles in the biochemical ba-sis of neuropsychiatry. Turkish journal of medical sciences2014;44(1):1-9.37.Ho PI, Ortiz D, Rogers E, Shea TB. Multiple aspects of homocys-teine neurotoxicity: glutamate excitotoxicity, kinase hyperac-tivation and DNA damage. Journal of neuroscience research2002;70(5):694-702.38.Bhatia P, Singh N. Homocysteine excess: delineating the pos-sible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression. Fundamen-tal & clinical pharmacology 2015;29(6):522-528.39.Mattson MP, Shea TB. Folate and homocysteine metabolismin neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trendsin neurosciences 2003;26(3):137-146.40. Schaevitz LR, Berger-Sweeney JE. Gene–environment interac-tions and epigenetic pathways in autism: The importance of one-carbon metabolism. ILAR Journal 2012;53(3-4):322-340.41. Kauna-Czapliska J, urawicz E, Michalska M, RynkowskiJ. A focus on homocysteine in autism. Acta Biochim Pol2013;60(2):137-142.42. Cannell JJ, Grant WB. What is the role of vitamin D in au-tism?.Dermato-endocrinology 2013;5(1):199-204.43.Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D hormone regulates seroto-nin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism. The FASEB Jo-urnal 2014;28(6):2398-2413.44.Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acidscontrol serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance forADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive beha-vior. The FASEB Journal 2015;29(6):2207-2222.45. Bandini LG, Anderson SE, Curtin C, Cermak S, Evans EW,Scampini R, et al.. Food selectivity in children with autismspectrum disorders and typically developing children. The Jo-urnal of pediatrics 2010;157(2):259-264.46. Clark JH, Rhoden DK, Turner DS. Symptomatic vitamin A andD deficiencies in an eight-year-old with autism. Journal of Pa-renteral and Enteral Nutrition 1993;17(3):284-286.47. McAbee GN, Prieto DM, Kirby J, Santilli AM, Setty R. Per-manent visual loss due to dietary vitamin A deficiency in anautistic adolescent. Journal of child neurology2009;24(10):1288-1289.48. Tanoue K, Matsui K, Takamasu T. Fried-potato diet causesvitamin A deficiency in an autistic child. Journal of Parente-ral and Enteral Nutrition 2012;36(6):753-755.49. Swartz A, Patton K, Phillips S, Truex L, Weems M, Must A,Bandini L. Dietary Absence of Fruits and Vegetables over a3-Day Period: An Analysis Comparing Children with AutismSpectrum Disorder (ASD) and Typically Developing (TD)Children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2016;116(9):A76.50. Adams JB, Audhya T, McDonough-Means S, Rubin RA, QuigD, Geis E, et al.. Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement onchildren and adults with autism. BMC pediatrics2011;11(1):111.51. Leeming RJ, Lucock M. Autism: Is there a folate connection?.Journal of inherited metabolic disease 2009;32(3):400-402.52. Schmidt RJ, Hansen RL, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Schmidt LC,Tancredi DJ, et al.. Prenatal vitamins, one-carbon metabo-lism gene variants, and risk for autism. Epidemiology (Cam-bridge, Mass.) 2011;22(4):476.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section makaleler
Authors

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erman Esnafoğlu

Publication Date July 26, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Esnafoğlu, Y. D. D. E. (2017). Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, 9(4), 36-41.
AMA Esnafoğlu YDDE. Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi. Aile Hekimliği. July 2017;9(4):36-41.
Chicago Esnafoğlu, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erman. “Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat Ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9, no. 4 (July 2017): 36-41.
EndNote Esnafoğlu YDDE (July 1, 2017) Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9 4 36–41.
IEEE Y. D. D. E. Esnafoğlu, “Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi”, Aile Hekimliği, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 36–41, 2017.
ISNAD Esnafoğlu, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erman. “Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat Ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9/4 (July 2017), 36-41.
JAMA Esnafoğlu YDDE. Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9:36–41.
MLA Esnafoğlu, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erman. “Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat Ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, vol. 9, no. 4, 2017, pp. 36-41.
Vancouver Esnafoğlu YDDE. Otistik Spektrum Bozukluğu BulunanÇocuklarda Vitamin B12, Folat ve Vitamin D Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9(4):36-41.