Review
Year 2018,
Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 7 - 17, 16.07.2018
Abstract
Abstract
The neonate skin, which provides communication with the outer environment bothduring intrauterine period and also after birth has vital functions such as thermoregulation, mechanical resistance, maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance and protecti-on against external factors. These functions are provided by some on going changes and development process in the first 2 years of life. There can be some temporary changes and problems of the skin during the birth and the progressing period. Mostof these issues are temporary or physiological dermatoses which are benign in nature and generally disappears as the completion of skin maturation. However, someskin disorders although they are the reason of serious morbidity and mortality, mayresemble benign clinical situations in this period. Dermatological skin examinationof newborn has vital importance in early diagnosis and treatment of congenital diseases and in differentiating between dermatoses which is temporary, benign, or doesnot require treatment; conditions due to neonatal distress such as postmaturity andanoxia and severe diseases that require treatment.
Keywords
References
- Kaynaklar 1.Visscher MO, Adam R, Brink S, Odio M. Newborn infant skin: physio-logy, development and care. Clin. Dermatol 2015;33: 271-80 2.Ludriksone L, Garcia Bartels N, Kanti V, Blume Peytavi U,Kottner J. Skin barrier function imn infancy: a systematic re-view. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014; 306:591-9 3.Özarmağan G, Ekinci PA, Baykal C. Yenidoğanın Deri Has-talıkları. Dağoğlu T, Ovalı F, Neonatoloji, 3.Baskı, Nobek TıpKitabevleri, 2017; s1253-1280 4.Chiou YB, Blume Peytavi U. Stratum corneum maturation. Areview of neonatal skin function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol2004;17:57-66 5.Blume-Peytavi U, Lavender T, Jenerowicz D, Ryumina I, Stal-der JF, Torrelo A, et al. Recommendations from a EuropeanRoundtable Meeting on Best Practice Healty Infant Skin Care.Pediatr Dermatol 2016;33: 311-21 6.O’Connor NR, McLauglin MR, Ham P. Newborn skin: PartI. Common rashes. Am Fam Physician. 2008; 77: 47-52 7.Gupta D, Thappa DM. Mongolian spots- a prospectivestudy. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:683. 8.Egemen A, İkizoğlu T,Ergör S et al. Frequency and charac-teristics of mongolian spots among Turkish children in Aege-an region. Turk J pediatr 2006; 48: 232-6 9.Pratt AG. Birthmarks in infants. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol1953; 67: 302-5 10.Morelli JG. Vascular neoplasms. In: Fitzpatrick JE (ed). Der-matology Secrets, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus Inc.;2001. pp 303-6. 11.Kanada KN, Merin MR, Munden A, Friedlander SF. A pros-pective study of cutaneous findings in newborns in the Uni-ted States: correlation with race, ethnicity, and gestational sta-tus using updated classification and nomenclature. J Pediatr2012; 161:240 12.Juern AM, Glick ZR, Drolet BA, Frieden IJ. Nevus simplex:a reconsideration of nomenclature, sites of involvement, anddisease associations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:805 13.Osburn K, Schosser RH, Everett MA. Congenital pigmentedand vascular lesions in newborn infants. J Am Acad Derma-tol 1987; 16. 788-9 14.Oster J, Nielsen A. Nuchal nevi and interscapular telengiec-tasias. Acta Paediatr Scand 1970; 59:416-2 15.Sanfilippo A, Barrio V, Kulp-Shorten C, Callen JP. Commonpediatric and adolescent skin conditions. J Pediatr AdolescGynecol 2003; 16: 269-816.Barnes CJ, Eichenfield LF, Lee J, Cunningham BB. A prac-tical approach for the use of oral isotretinoin for infantile acne.Pediatr Dermatol 2005; 22:166. 17.Pleimes M, Gottler S, Weibel L: Characteristic congenital re-ticular erythema: cutis marmorata telangiectatica congeni-tal, J Pediatr 163:604, 2013 18.Levy R, Lam JM. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congeni-ta: a mimicker of a common disorder. CMAJ 2011; 183:E249. 19.Hoath SB, Narendran V. The skin. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Me-dicine, 9th ed, Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, Walsh M C (Eds), Els-evier Mosby, St. Louis 2011. p.1705 20.Nelson sayfa 3116-3118 Chapter 647 Diseases of the neonate 21.Halamek LP, Stevenson DK. Neonatal jaundice and liver di-sease. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 7th ed, Fanaroff AA,Martin RJ (Eds), Mosby, St. Louis 2002. p.1309 22.Wong CH, Foo CL, Seow WT. Calcified cephalohematoma:classification, indications for surgery and techniques. J Cra-niofac Surg 2006; 17:970 23.Siegel DH, Holland K, Phillips RJ, et al. Erosive pustular der-matosis of the scalp after perinatal scalp injury. Pediatr Der-matol 2006; 23:533 24.Nambudiri VE, Habib N, Arndt KA, Kane KS. Milia en pla-que of the nose: report of a case and successful treatment withtopical tretinoin. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1373 25.Reginatto FP, Muller FM, Peruzzo J, Cestari TF. Epidemio-logy and Predisposing Factors for Erythema Toxicum Neo-natorum and Transient Neonatal Pustular: A Multicenter Study.Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:422. 26.Carr JA, Hodgman JE, Freedman RI, Levan NE. Relations-hip between toxic erythema and infant maturity. Am J Dis Child1966; 112:129. 27.Marchini G, Nelson A, Edner J, et al. Erythema toxicum neo-natorum is an innate immune response to commensal micro-bes penetrated into the skin of the newborn infant. Pediatr Res2005; 58:613. 28.Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Cutaneous disorders of the newborn.In: Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology, 5th ed, Elsevi-er Saunders, Philadelphia 2016. p.16 29.Berg FJ, Solomon LM. Erythema neonatorum toxicum. ArchDis Child 1987; 62:327. 30.Feng E, Janniger CK. Miliaria. Cutis 1995; 55:213. 31.Lubowe II, Perlman HH. Periporitis staphylogenes and othercomplications of miliaria in infants and children. AMA ArchDerm Syphilol 1954; 69:543 32.Barr RJ, Globerman LM, Werber FA. Transient neonatal pus-tular melanosis. Int J Dermatol 1979; 18:636 33.Transient benign cutaneous lesions in the newborn. In: Neo-natal Dermatology, 2nd ed, Eichenfield LF, Fried en IJ, Es-terly NB (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2008. p.90 34.Del Pozzo-Magaña BR, Ho N. Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis ofthe Newborn: A 20-Year Retrospective Study. Pediatr Derma-tol 2016; 33:e353. 35.Spohn GP, Pietras TA, Stone MS. Delayed-Onset ScleremaNeonatorum in a Critically Ill Premature Infant. Pediatr Der-matol 2016; 33:e168 36.(Zeb A, Darmstadt GL. Sclerema neonatorum: a review of no-menclature, clinical presentation, histological features, dif-ferential diagnoses and management. J Perinatol 2008;28:453 37.Greenberg S, Krafchik BR. Infantile pedal papules. J Am AcadDermatol. 2005 Aug. 53(2):333-4 38.Gershon, AA. Chickenox, measles, and mumps. In: InfectiousDiseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 7th ed, Reming-ton, JS, et al. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2010. p.66. 39.American Academy of Pediatrics. Varicella-zoster virus infec-tions. In: Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infec-tious Diseases, 30th, Kimberlin DW (Ed), American Academyof Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 2015. 40.James SH, Kimberlin DW. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus In-fection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015; 29:391. 41.Caviness AC, Demmler GJ, Swint JM, Cantor SB. Cost-effec-tiveness analysis of herpes simplex virus testing and treatmentstrategies in febrile neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:665 42.Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Safety and efficacyof high-dose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neo-natal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatrics 2001;108:230. 43.Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R,Chaudhary S.World J Clin Cases. 2016 Jul 16;4(7):191-4 44.Reddy BS, Ramji S, Pandhi D. Analytical study of pustular erup-tions in neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19: 210-215 45.Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A. A Systemic Review on Staphy-lococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and CriticalDisease of Neonates. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:150 46.Patel GK, Finlay AY. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4:165. 47.Chi CY, Wang SM, Lin HC, Liu CC. A clinical and microbio-logical comparison of Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock andscalded skin syndromes in children. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:181 48.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Conge-nital syphilis--United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal WklyRep 1999; 48:757. 49.Dobson SR, Sanchez PJ. Syphilis. In: Feigin and Cherry’s Text-book of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7th, Cherry JD, Har-rison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Phila-delphia 2014. p.1761 50.Kollmann TR, Dobson S. Syphilis. In: Infectious Diseases ofthe Fetus and Newborn Infant, 7th, Remington JS, Klein JO,Wilson CB, et al (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2011.p.524, 51.Mason WH, Andrews R, Ross LA, Wright HT Jr. Omphalitisin the newborn infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8:521 52.Sawardekar KP. Changing spectrum of neonatal omphalitis.Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:22., Pomeranz A. Anomalies, ab-normalities, and care of the umbilicus. Pediatr Clin North Am2004; 51:819. 53.Hundalani S, Pammi M. Invasive fungal infections in newbornsand current management strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther2013; 11:709. 54.Barton M, O'Brien K, Robinson JL, et al. Invasive candidiasisin low birth weight preterm infants: risk factors, clinical cour-se and outcome in a prospective multicenter study of cases andtheir matched controls. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:327 55.Rowen JL. Mucocutaneous candidiasis. Semin Perinatol2003; 27:406. 56.Gupta P, Chakrabarti A, Singhi S, et al. Skin Colonization byMalassezia spp. in hospitalized neonates and infants in a ter-tiary care centre in North India. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:267 57.Shin HT. Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis. Pe-diatr Clin North Am 2014; 61:367 58.Klunk C, Domingues E, Wiss K. An update on diaper derma-titis. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32:477 59.Krol AL, Krafchik BR. Diaper area eruptions. In: Neonataland Infant Dermatology, Third edition, Eichenfield LF, Frie-den IJ, Mather EF, Zaenglein AL (Eds), Elsevier Saunders,London 2015 60.Dessinioti C, Katsambas A. Seborrheic dermatitis: etiology,risk factors, and treatments: facts and controversies. Clin Der-matol 2013; 31:343. 61.Izmirly PM, Saxena A, Kim MY. Maternal and fetal factors as-sociated with mortality and morbidity in a multi-racial/eth-nic registry of anti-SSA/Ro-associated cardiac neonatal lupus.Circulation 2011; 124:1927 62.Cimaz R, Spence DL, Hornberger L, Silverman ED. Inciden-ce and spectrum of neonatal lupus erythematosus: a prospec-tive study of infants born to mothers with anti-Ro autoantibo-dies. J Pediatr 2003; 142:678. 63.Fine JD, Eady RA, Bauer EA. The classification of inheritedepidermolysis bullosa (EB): Report of the Third Internatio-nal Consensus Meeting on Diagnosis and Classification of EB.J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:931. 64.Prodinger C, Diem A, Bauer JW, Laimer M. Mucosal mani-festations of epidermolysis bullosa : Clinical presentation andmanagement. Hautarzt 2016; 67:806. 65.Fine JD, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Eady RA, et al. Inherited epi-dermolysis bullosa: updated recommendations on diagnosisand classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:1103 66.Mihai S, Sitaru C. Immunopathology and molecular diagnosis ofautoimmune bullous diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:462. 67.Harper J, Oranje A. Prose N. Textbook of Pediatric Derma-tology. Second Ed.Backwell Pub. 2006; 1.48-125 68.Humphrey SR, Hu X, Adamson K. A practical approach to theevaluation and treatment of an infant with aplasia cutis con-genita. J Perinatol 2018; 38:110. 69.Tan T, Constantinides H., Mitchel TE. The preauricular sinus:a review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and manage-ment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69: 1469-74 70.Oji V, Tadini G, Akiyama M, Bardon CB, Bodeme C, Bour-rat E, et al. Revised nomenclature and classification of inhe-rited ichthyoses: results of the First Ichthyosis Consensus Con-ference in Sorèze 2009. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:607. 71.Raghunath M, Hennies HC, Ahvazi B, Vogel M, Reis A, Stei-nert PM, et al. Self-healing collodion baby: a dynamic phe-notype explained by a particular transglutaminase-1 mutati-on. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:224. 72.Mitsutake S, Suzuki C, Akiyama M, Tsuji K, Yanagi T, Shimi-zu H, et al. ABCA12 dysfunction causes a disorder in glucosyl-ceramide accumulation during keratinocyte differentiation. JDermatol Sci 2010; 60:128.
Year 2018,
Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 7 - 17, 16.07.2018
Abstract
Öz
Hem intrauterin dönemde, hem de doğumdan sonra dış ortam ile iletişimi sağlayan yenidoğan derisinin; termoregülasyon, mekanik direnç, sıvı-elektrolit dengesinin korunması ve dış ajanlara karşı koruma gibi yaşamsal fonksiyonları vardır. Bu fonksiyonlar doğumdan sonra ilk iki yıl devam eden gelişim ve değişim süreci ilesağlanır. Doğumda ve izleyen dönemde deride geçici bazı değişiklikler veya sorunlar olabilir. Bu sorunların büyük kısmı; deride maturasyonun tamamlanmasıyla genellikle ortadan kalkan, benign seyirli, geçici veya fizyolojik olarak sınıflandırılandermatozlardır. Ancak bu dönemde bir takım dermatolojik hastalıklar, ciddi morbidite ve mortalite kaynağı olmasına karşın benign klinik tablolarla büyük benzerlik gösterebilmektedir. Yenidoğanın dermatolojik muayenesi geçici benign, tedavi gerektirmeyen dermatozlarla; postmatürite, anoksi gibi neonatal distrese bağlı durumların ve tedavi edilmesi gerekli ciddi hastalık tablolarının ayrımı ile konjenital hastalıkların erken tanı ve tedavisi açısından önem arz etmektedir.
References
- Kaynaklar 1.Visscher MO, Adam R, Brink S, Odio M. Newborn infant skin: physio-logy, development and care. Clin. Dermatol 2015;33: 271-80 2.Ludriksone L, Garcia Bartels N, Kanti V, Blume Peytavi U,Kottner J. Skin barrier function imn infancy: a systematic re-view. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014; 306:591-9 3.Özarmağan G, Ekinci PA, Baykal C. Yenidoğanın Deri Has-talıkları. Dağoğlu T, Ovalı F, Neonatoloji, 3.Baskı, Nobek TıpKitabevleri, 2017; s1253-1280 4.Chiou YB, Blume Peytavi U. Stratum corneum maturation. Areview of neonatal skin function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol2004;17:57-66 5.Blume-Peytavi U, Lavender T, Jenerowicz D, Ryumina I, Stal-der JF, Torrelo A, et al. Recommendations from a EuropeanRoundtable Meeting on Best Practice Healty Infant Skin Care.Pediatr Dermatol 2016;33: 311-21 6.O’Connor NR, McLauglin MR, Ham P. Newborn skin: PartI. Common rashes. Am Fam Physician. 2008; 77: 47-52 7.Gupta D, Thappa DM. Mongolian spots- a prospectivestudy. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:683. 8.Egemen A, İkizoğlu T,Ergör S et al. Frequency and charac-teristics of mongolian spots among Turkish children in Aege-an region. Turk J pediatr 2006; 48: 232-6 9.Pratt AG. Birthmarks in infants. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol1953; 67: 302-5 10.Morelli JG. Vascular neoplasms. In: Fitzpatrick JE (ed). Der-matology Secrets, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus Inc.;2001. pp 303-6. 11.Kanada KN, Merin MR, Munden A, Friedlander SF. A pros-pective study of cutaneous findings in newborns in the Uni-ted States: correlation with race, ethnicity, and gestational sta-tus using updated classification and nomenclature. J Pediatr2012; 161:240 12.Juern AM, Glick ZR, Drolet BA, Frieden IJ. Nevus simplex:a reconsideration of nomenclature, sites of involvement, anddisease associations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:805 13.Osburn K, Schosser RH, Everett MA. Congenital pigmentedand vascular lesions in newborn infants. J Am Acad Derma-tol 1987; 16. 788-9 14.Oster J, Nielsen A. Nuchal nevi and interscapular telengiec-tasias. Acta Paediatr Scand 1970; 59:416-2 15.Sanfilippo A, Barrio V, Kulp-Shorten C, Callen JP. Commonpediatric and adolescent skin conditions. J Pediatr AdolescGynecol 2003; 16: 269-816.Barnes CJ, Eichenfield LF, Lee J, Cunningham BB. A prac-tical approach for the use of oral isotretinoin for infantile acne.Pediatr Dermatol 2005; 22:166. 17.Pleimes M, Gottler S, Weibel L: Characteristic congenital re-ticular erythema: cutis marmorata telangiectatica congeni-tal, J Pediatr 163:604, 2013 18.Levy R, Lam JM. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congeni-ta: a mimicker of a common disorder. CMAJ 2011; 183:E249. 19.Hoath SB, Narendran V. The skin. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Me-dicine, 9th ed, Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, Walsh M C (Eds), Els-evier Mosby, St. Louis 2011. p.1705 20.Nelson sayfa 3116-3118 Chapter 647 Diseases of the neonate 21.Halamek LP, Stevenson DK. Neonatal jaundice and liver di-sease. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 7th ed, Fanaroff AA,Martin RJ (Eds), Mosby, St. Louis 2002. p.1309 22.Wong CH, Foo CL, Seow WT. Calcified cephalohematoma:classification, indications for surgery and techniques. J Cra-niofac Surg 2006; 17:970 23.Siegel DH, Holland K, Phillips RJ, et al. Erosive pustular der-matosis of the scalp after perinatal scalp injury. Pediatr Der-matol 2006; 23:533 24.Nambudiri VE, Habib N, Arndt KA, Kane KS. Milia en pla-que of the nose: report of a case and successful treatment withtopical tretinoin. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1373 25.Reginatto FP, Muller FM, Peruzzo J, Cestari TF. Epidemio-logy and Predisposing Factors for Erythema Toxicum Neo-natorum and Transient Neonatal Pustular: A Multicenter Study.Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:422. 26.Carr JA, Hodgman JE, Freedman RI, Levan NE. Relations-hip between toxic erythema and infant maturity. Am J Dis Child1966; 112:129. 27.Marchini G, Nelson A, Edner J, et al. Erythema toxicum neo-natorum is an innate immune response to commensal micro-bes penetrated into the skin of the newborn infant. Pediatr Res2005; 58:613. 28.Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Cutaneous disorders of the newborn.In: Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology, 5th ed, Elsevi-er Saunders, Philadelphia 2016. p.16 29.Berg FJ, Solomon LM. Erythema neonatorum toxicum. ArchDis Child 1987; 62:327. 30.Feng E, Janniger CK. Miliaria. Cutis 1995; 55:213. 31.Lubowe II, Perlman HH. Periporitis staphylogenes and othercomplications of miliaria in infants and children. AMA ArchDerm Syphilol 1954; 69:543 32.Barr RJ, Globerman LM, Werber FA. Transient neonatal pus-tular melanosis. Int J Dermatol 1979; 18:636 33.Transient benign cutaneous lesions in the newborn. In: Neo-natal Dermatology, 2nd ed, Eichenfield LF, Fried en IJ, Es-terly NB (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2008. p.90 34.Del Pozzo-Magaña BR, Ho N. Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis ofthe Newborn: A 20-Year Retrospective Study. Pediatr Derma-tol 2016; 33:e353. 35.Spohn GP, Pietras TA, Stone MS. Delayed-Onset ScleremaNeonatorum in a Critically Ill Premature Infant. Pediatr Der-matol 2016; 33:e168 36.(Zeb A, Darmstadt GL. Sclerema neonatorum: a review of no-menclature, clinical presentation, histological features, dif-ferential diagnoses and management. J Perinatol 2008;28:453 37.Greenberg S, Krafchik BR. Infantile pedal papules. J Am AcadDermatol. 2005 Aug. 53(2):333-4 38.Gershon, AA. Chickenox, measles, and mumps. In: InfectiousDiseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 7th ed, Reming-ton, JS, et al. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2010. p.66. 39.American Academy of Pediatrics. Varicella-zoster virus infec-tions. In: Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infec-tious Diseases, 30th, Kimberlin DW (Ed), American Academyof Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 2015. 40.James SH, Kimberlin DW. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus In-fection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015; 29:391. 41.Caviness AC, Demmler GJ, Swint JM, Cantor SB. Cost-effec-tiveness analysis of herpes simplex virus testing and treatmentstrategies in febrile neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:665 42.Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Safety and efficacyof high-dose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neo-natal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatrics 2001;108:230. 43.Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R,Chaudhary S.World J Clin Cases. 2016 Jul 16;4(7):191-4 44.Reddy BS, Ramji S, Pandhi D. Analytical study of pustular erup-tions in neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19: 210-215 45.Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A. A Systemic Review on Staphy-lococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and CriticalDisease of Neonates. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:150 46.Patel GK, Finlay AY. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4:165. 47.Chi CY, Wang SM, Lin HC, Liu CC. A clinical and microbio-logical comparison of Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock andscalded skin syndromes in children. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:181 48.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Conge-nital syphilis--United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal WklyRep 1999; 48:757. 49.Dobson SR, Sanchez PJ. Syphilis. In: Feigin and Cherry’s Text-book of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7th, Cherry JD, Har-rison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Phila-delphia 2014. p.1761 50.Kollmann TR, Dobson S. Syphilis. In: Infectious Diseases ofthe Fetus and Newborn Infant, 7th, Remington JS, Klein JO,Wilson CB, et al (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2011.p.524, 51.Mason WH, Andrews R, Ross LA, Wright HT Jr. Omphalitisin the newborn infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8:521 52.Sawardekar KP. Changing spectrum of neonatal omphalitis.Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:22., Pomeranz A. Anomalies, ab-normalities, and care of the umbilicus. Pediatr Clin North Am2004; 51:819. 53.Hundalani S, Pammi M. Invasive fungal infections in newbornsand current management strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther2013; 11:709. 54.Barton M, O'Brien K, Robinson JL, et al. Invasive candidiasisin low birth weight preterm infants: risk factors, clinical cour-se and outcome in a prospective multicenter study of cases andtheir matched controls. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:327 55.Rowen JL. Mucocutaneous candidiasis. Semin Perinatol2003; 27:406. 56.Gupta P, Chakrabarti A, Singhi S, et al. Skin Colonization byMalassezia spp. in hospitalized neonates and infants in a ter-tiary care centre in North India. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:267 57.Shin HT. Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis. Pe-diatr Clin North Am 2014; 61:367 58.Klunk C, Domingues E, Wiss K. An update on diaper derma-titis. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32:477 59.Krol AL, Krafchik BR. Diaper area eruptions. In: Neonataland Infant Dermatology, Third edition, Eichenfield LF, Frie-den IJ, Mather EF, Zaenglein AL (Eds), Elsevier Saunders,London 2015 60.Dessinioti C, Katsambas A. Seborrheic dermatitis: etiology,risk factors, and treatments: facts and controversies. Clin Der-matol 2013; 31:343. 61.Izmirly PM, Saxena A, Kim MY. Maternal and fetal factors as-sociated with mortality and morbidity in a multi-racial/eth-nic registry of anti-SSA/Ro-associated cardiac neonatal lupus.Circulation 2011; 124:1927 62.Cimaz R, Spence DL, Hornberger L, Silverman ED. Inciden-ce and spectrum of neonatal lupus erythematosus: a prospec-tive study of infants born to mothers with anti-Ro autoantibo-dies. J Pediatr 2003; 142:678. 63.Fine JD, Eady RA, Bauer EA. The classification of inheritedepidermolysis bullosa (EB): Report of the Third Internatio-nal Consensus Meeting on Diagnosis and Classification of EB.J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:931. 64.Prodinger C, Diem A, Bauer JW, Laimer M. Mucosal mani-festations of epidermolysis bullosa : Clinical presentation andmanagement. Hautarzt 2016; 67:806. 65.Fine JD, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Eady RA, et al. Inherited epi-dermolysis bullosa: updated recommendations on diagnosisand classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:1103 66.Mihai S, Sitaru C. Immunopathology and molecular diagnosis ofautoimmune bullous diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:462. 67.Harper J, Oranje A. Prose N. Textbook of Pediatric Derma-tology. Second Ed.Backwell Pub. 2006; 1.48-125 68.Humphrey SR, Hu X, Adamson K. A practical approach to theevaluation and treatment of an infant with aplasia cutis con-genita. J Perinatol 2018; 38:110. 69.Tan T, Constantinides H., Mitchel TE. The preauricular sinus:a review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and manage-ment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69: 1469-74 70.Oji V, Tadini G, Akiyama M, Bardon CB, Bodeme C, Bour-rat E, et al. Revised nomenclature and classification of inhe-rited ichthyoses: results of the First Ichthyosis Consensus Con-ference in Sorèze 2009. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:607. 71.Raghunath M, Hennies HC, Ahvazi B, Vogel M, Reis A, Stei-nert PM, et al. Self-healing collodion baby: a dynamic phe-notype explained by a particular transglutaminase-1 mutati-on. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:224. 72.Mitsutake S, Suzuki C, Akiyama M, Tsuji K, Yanagi T, Shimi-zu H, et al. ABCA12 dysfunction causes a disorder in glucosyl-ceramide accumulation during keratinocyte differentiation. JDermatol Sci 2010; 60:128.
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Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | makale |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 16, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 |
