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Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 305 - 309, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.576233

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı doğal zeolit bileşeni olan
klinoptilolitin köpeklerde doğal olarak şekillenen giardiazise karşı
antiparaziter etkinliğinin belirlenmesidir. Aydın bölgesinde bulunan doğal
olarak Giardia duodenalis ile enfekte
olan sahipli ve ishalli her iki cinsiyetten 6-44 aylık yaştaki 7 enfekte köpek
çalışmada kullanıldı. İki ayrı gruba ayrılan çalışma materyali olarak I.
gruptakilere 10 gün oral yolla 2 g/kg dozda klinoptilolit uygulanırken, II.
grupta bulunan köpeklerin kontrol grubu olarak kalmaları sağlandı. Köpeklerde
klinoptilolitin antiparazitik etkinliği
0. 3.
7. ve 10. günlerde r
ektal
yolla alınan dışkı örneklerinin mikroskobik incelenmesiyle değerlendirildi. Gram
dışkı başına kist miktarındaki azalma göz önünde bulundurulduğunda
anti-giardial amaçla kullanılan klinoptilolitin 10. günde giardiazise karşı
kist atılımında %99 etkinlik sağladığı belirlendi. Sağaltım grubunda sırası ile
0.,3., 7. ve 10. günlerde kist sayılarına ait geometrik ortalamalar 200552.4,
37.8, 113.3, 10.4 şeklinde belirlendi. kontrol grubunda ise 0. gün ile
(195099,4) 10. günlerdeki (174436,1) kist atılımının geometrik
ortalamalarındaki fazla değişimin göstermediği saptandı. Netice itibarı ile
giardiazisli köpeklerde klinoptilolitin kist atılımını etkin şekilde azalttığı
ve önerilen dozda herhangi bir yan etkiye neden olmaksızın kullanılabileceği
söylenebilir.

Thanks

Çalışmanın dizaynı, yönetimi ile grupların tasvirinde yadsınmaz rolü olan değerli Hocam Prof. Dr. Kerem URAL’a, istatistiksel verilerin tasarlanmasında Dr. Öğretim üyesi Hasan ERDOĞAN’a müteşekkirim.

References

  • Abbitt B, Huey RL, Eugster AK, Syler J. Treatment of giardiasis in adult Greyhounds, using ipronidazole-medicated water. JAVMA. 1986; 188:67-69.
  • Alıç Ural D, Erdoğan H, Toplu S, Ayan A. Application of Oral Clinoptilolite İntended For Prevention of Giardiasis in Goat Kids. Kocatepe Vet J. 2017; 10(3):158-163.
  • Aytuğ N, Alaçam E, Özkoç Ü, Yalçın BC. Koyun-Keçi Hastalıkları ve Yetiştiriciliği, İstanbul: Teknografik Matbaası, 1990; 212-213.
  • Baljer G, Wieler L. Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Immunprophylaxe der neonatalen Durchfallerkrankungen der Kälber. Vet. 1989; 5:18-26.
  • Ballweber LR, Xiao L, Bowman DD, Kahn G, Cama VA. Giardiasis in dogs and cats: update on epidemiology and public health significance. Trends Parasitol. 2010; 26:180-9.
  • Barr SC, Bowman DD, Frongillo MF, Joseph SL. Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pirantel pamoate, and febantel against giardiasis in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1998; 59:1134-1136.
  • Betancourt WQ, Rose JB. Drinking water treatment processes for removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126:219-234.
  • Bilal T. Koyun-Keçilerin İç Hastalıkları ve Beslenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2005.
  • Bouzid M, Halai K, Jeffreys D, Hunter PR. The prevalence of Giardia infection in dogs and cats, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies from stool samples. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 207:181-202.
  • Bowman DD, Liotta JL, Ulrich M, Charles SD, Heine J, Schaper R. Treatment of naturally occurring, asymptomatic Giardia sp. in dogs with Drontal Plus flavour tablets. Parasitol Res. 2009; 105(1):125-134.
  • Buret AG. Pathophysiology of enteric infections with Giardia duodenalis. Parasite. 2008; 15(3):261-265
  • Caccio SM, Thompson RC, McLauchlin J, Smith HV. Unraveling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology. Trends Parasitol. 2005; 21:430-437.
  • Chon SK, Kim NS. Evaluation of silymarin in the treatment on asymptomatic Giardia infections in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2005; 97:445-451
  • Deligiannis K, Lainas T, Arsenos G, Papadopoulos E, Fortomaris P, Kufidis D, Stamataris C, Zygoyiannis D. The effect of feeding clinoptilolite on food intake and performance of growing lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes. Livest Prod Sci. 2005; 96:195-203.
  • DeReigner DP, Cole L, Schupp DG, Erlandsen SL. Viability of Giardia Cysts Suspended in Lake, River, and Tap Water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989; 55(5):223-229
  • Fiechter R, Deplazes P, Schnyder M. Control of Giardia infections with ronidazole and intensive hygiene management in a dog kennel. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 187(1-2):93-98.
  • Gaydos J. Giardia and Wildlife South Coop Wild Dis St Br. 1998; 14:2.
  • Geurden T, Pohleb H, Sarrea C, Dreesena L, Vercruyssea J, Claerebouta E. The efficacy of a treatment with fenbendazole against an experimental Giardia duodenalis infection in lambs. Small Rum Res. 2011; 96(2-3):211-215.
  • Geurden T, Vandenhoute E, Pohle H, Casaert S, De Wilde N, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. The effect of a fenbendazole treatment on cyst excretion and weight gain in calves experimentally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 169(1-2):18-23.
  • Giangaspero A, Traldi G, Paoletti B, Traldi G, Bianciardi P. Efficacy of pyrantel embonate, febantel and praziquantel against Giardia species in naturally infected adult dogs. Vet Rec. 2002; 150:184-186.
  • Gökçe E, Ünver A, Erdoğan HM. İshalli neonatal kuzularda enterik patojenlerin belirlenmesi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 16:717-722.
  • Grce M, Pavelić K. Antiviral properties of clinoptilolite. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2005; 79(1):165-169.
  • Hall GA, Jones PW, Morgan JH. Calf diarrhoea. Bovine Medicine, In: Diseases and Husbuandry of Cattle, Ed; Andrews AH. Berlin: Blackwell, 1996; pp.154-180.
  • Henderson CF, Tilton EW. Tests with acaricides against the brow wheat mite. J Econ Entomol. 1955; 48:157-161.
  • Ivkovic S, Deutsch U, Silberbach A, Walraph E, Mannel M. Dietary supplementation with the tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite in immunodeficiency: effects on the immune system. Adv Ther. 2004; 21(2):135-147.
  • Karahallı C, Ural K. Single dose secnidazol treatment efficacy against naturally occurring Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs. Magy Allatorvosok. 2017; 139(10):621-630.
  • Katic M, Bosnjak B, Gall-Troselj K, Dikic I, Pavelic K. A clinoptilolite effect on cell media and the consequent effects on tumor cells in vitro. Front Biosci. 2006; 11(2):1722-1732.
  • Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990; 56:1423-1428.
  • Lunn B, Northrop A. Symposium on ‘parasitism and protein and energy metabolism and animals’. The impact of gastrointestinal parasites on protein-energy malnutrition in man. Proc Nutr Soc. 1992; 52:101-111.
  • Milenković JK, Hrenović JJ, Goić-Barišić IS, Tomić MD, Rajić NZ. Antibacterial activity of copper-containing clinoptilolite/PVC composites toward clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Serb Chem Soc. 2015; 80(6):819-826.
  • Miro G, Mateo M, Montoya A, Vela E, Calonge R. Survey of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the Madrid area and comparison of the efficacy of three anthelmintics in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res. 2007; 100:317-320.
  • Montoya A, Dado D, Mateo M, Espinosa C, Miró G. Efficacy of Drontal® Flavour Plus (50 mg praziquantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate, 150 mg febantel per tablet) against Giardia sp in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res. 2008; 103:1141-1144.
  • Olson ME, O’Handley RM, Ralston BJ, McAllister TA, Thompson RCA. Update on Cryotosporidium and Giardia infections in cattle. Trends in Parasitol. 2004; 20:185-191.
  • Payne PA, Artzer M. The biology and control of Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009; 39:993-1007.
  • Payne PA, Ridley RK, Dryden MW, Bathgate C, Milliken GA, Stewart PW. Efficacy of a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis. JAVMA. 2002; 220:330-333.
  • Read C, Walters J, Robertson I, Thompson R. Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32:229-231.
  • Rodriguez-Fuentes G, Barrios MA, Iraizoz A, Perdomo I, Cedre B. Enterex: Antidiarrheic drug based on purified natural clinoptilolite. Zeo. 1997; 19(5-6):441-448.
  • Simpson KW, Rishniw M, Bellosa M, Liotta J, Lucio A, Baumgart M, Czarnecki-Maulden G, Benyacoub J, Bowman D. Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 Probiotic on Giardiasis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2009; 23(3):476-481.
  • Thompson RCA. The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Giardiasis. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126:15-35.
  • Top A, Ülkü S. Silver, zinc, and copper exchange in a Na-clinoptilolite and resulting effect on antibacterial activity. Appl Clay Sci. 2004; 27(1-2):13-19.Tysnes KR, Skancke E, Robertson LJ. Subclinical Giardia in dogs: a veterinary conundrum relevant to human infection. Trends Parasitol. 2014; 30:520-7. Ural K, Aysul N, Voyvoda H, Ulutas B, Aldemir OS, Eren H. Single dose of secnidazole treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in Sakiz lambs. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2014; 19(1):4023-4032.Westermarck E. Chronic diarrhea in dogs: what do we actually know about it? Top Companion Anim Med. 2016; 31:78-84.Zarcovic N, Zarcovic K, Kralj M, Borovic S, Sabolovic S, Blazi MP, Pavelic K. Anticancer and antioxidative effects of micronized zeolite clinoptilolite. Anticancer Res. 2003; 23(2):1589-1596.

Could Antiparasitic Cure with Clinoptilolite be Achieved in Dogs Naturally Infected with Giardia Duodenalis?

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 305 - 309, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.576233

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the antiparasitic efficacy of the natural zeolite component, clinoptilolite, against naturally occurring giardiasis in dogs. Seven infected dogs, aged 6-44 months of age, both sexually owned and diarrhea infected with Giardia duodenalis in the Aydın region were used in the study. Group I was administered clinoptilolite orally for 10 days at a dose of 2 g / kg. Group II dogs were provide to stay in the control group. The antiparasitic efficacy of clinoptilolite in dogs was evaluated by microscopic examination of stool samples collected at the beginning 0, 3rd, 7th and 10th day by rectal route. Considering the reduction in cyst excretion per gram feces, clinoptilolite used for anti-giardial purposes provided 99% efficacy in cyst excretion at 10th day. In the treatment group, the mean geometric averages of cyst counts were determined as 200552.4, 37.8, 113.3, 10.4, respectively, on days 0, 3, 7 and 10. On the other hand, in the control group, no significant change was observed in the geometric mean of cyst ruble excretion on day 0 (195099,4) 10 days (174436,1). It can be said that clinoptilolite effectively decreases cyst excretion in dogs with giardiasis and can be used in the recommended dose without causing any side effects.

References

  • Abbitt B, Huey RL, Eugster AK, Syler J. Treatment of giardiasis in adult Greyhounds, using ipronidazole-medicated water. JAVMA. 1986; 188:67-69.
  • Alıç Ural D, Erdoğan H, Toplu S, Ayan A. Application of Oral Clinoptilolite İntended For Prevention of Giardiasis in Goat Kids. Kocatepe Vet J. 2017; 10(3):158-163.
  • Aytuğ N, Alaçam E, Özkoç Ü, Yalçın BC. Koyun-Keçi Hastalıkları ve Yetiştiriciliği, İstanbul: Teknografik Matbaası, 1990; 212-213.
  • Baljer G, Wieler L. Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Immunprophylaxe der neonatalen Durchfallerkrankungen der Kälber. Vet. 1989; 5:18-26.
  • Ballweber LR, Xiao L, Bowman DD, Kahn G, Cama VA. Giardiasis in dogs and cats: update on epidemiology and public health significance. Trends Parasitol. 2010; 26:180-9.
  • Barr SC, Bowman DD, Frongillo MF, Joseph SL. Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pirantel pamoate, and febantel against giardiasis in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1998; 59:1134-1136.
  • Betancourt WQ, Rose JB. Drinking water treatment processes for removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126:219-234.
  • Bilal T. Koyun-Keçilerin İç Hastalıkları ve Beslenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2005.
  • Bouzid M, Halai K, Jeffreys D, Hunter PR. The prevalence of Giardia infection in dogs and cats, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies from stool samples. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 207:181-202.
  • Bowman DD, Liotta JL, Ulrich M, Charles SD, Heine J, Schaper R. Treatment of naturally occurring, asymptomatic Giardia sp. in dogs with Drontal Plus flavour tablets. Parasitol Res. 2009; 105(1):125-134.
  • Buret AG. Pathophysiology of enteric infections with Giardia duodenalis. Parasite. 2008; 15(3):261-265
  • Caccio SM, Thompson RC, McLauchlin J, Smith HV. Unraveling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology. Trends Parasitol. 2005; 21:430-437.
  • Chon SK, Kim NS. Evaluation of silymarin in the treatment on asymptomatic Giardia infections in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2005; 97:445-451
  • Deligiannis K, Lainas T, Arsenos G, Papadopoulos E, Fortomaris P, Kufidis D, Stamataris C, Zygoyiannis D. The effect of feeding clinoptilolite on food intake and performance of growing lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes. Livest Prod Sci. 2005; 96:195-203.
  • DeReigner DP, Cole L, Schupp DG, Erlandsen SL. Viability of Giardia Cysts Suspended in Lake, River, and Tap Water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989; 55(5):223-229
  • Fiechter R, Deplazes P, Schnyder M. Control of Giardia infections with ronidazole and intensive hygiene management in a dog kennel. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 187(1-2):93-98.
  • Gaydos J. Giardia and Wildlife South Coop Wild Dis St Br. 1998; 14:2.
  • Geurden T, Pohleb H, Sarrea C, Dreesena L, Vercruyssea J, Claerebouta E. The efficacy of a treatment with fenbendazole against an experimental Giardia duodenalis infection in lambs. Small Rum Res. 2011; 96(2-3):211-215.
  • Geurden T, Vandenhoute E, Pohle H, Casaert S, De Wilde N, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. The effect of a fenbendazole treatment on cyst excretion and weight gain in calves experimentally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 169(1-2):18-23.
  • Giangaspero A, Traldi G, Paoletti B, Traldi G, Bianciardi P. Efficacy of pyrantel embonate, febantel and praziquantel against Giardia species in naturally infected adult dogs. Vet Rec. 2002; 150:184-186.
  • Gökçe E, Ünver A, Erdoğan HM. İshalli neonatal kuzularda enterik patojenlerin belirlenmesi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 16:717-722.
  • Grce M, Pavelić K. Antiviral properties of clinoptilolite. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2005; 79(1):165-169.
  • Hall GA, Jones PW, Morgan JH. Calf diarrhoea. Bovine Medicine, In: Diseases and Husbuandry of Cattle, Ed; Andrews AH. Berlin: Blackwell, 1996; pp.154-180.
  • Henderson CF, Tilton EW. Tests with acaricides against the brow wheat mite. J Econ Entomol. 1955; 48:157-161.
  • Ivkovic S, Deutsch U, Silberbach A, Walraph E, Mannel M. Dietary supplementation with the tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite in immunodeficiency: effects on the immune system. Adv Ther. 2004; 21(2):135-147.
  • Karahallı C, Ural K. Single dose secnidazol treatment efficacy against naturally occurring Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs. Magy Allatorvosok. 2017; 139(10):621-630.
  • Katic M, Bosnjak B, Gall-Troselj K, Dikic I, Pavelic K. A clinoptilolite effect on cell media and the consequent effects on tumor cells in vitro. Front Biosci. 2006; 11(2):1722-1732.
  • Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990; 56:1423-1428.
  • Lunn B, Northrop A. Symposium on ‘parasitism and protein and energy metabolism and animals’. The impact of gastrointestinal parasites on protein-energy malnutrition in man. Proc Nutr Soc. 1992; 52:101-111.
  • Milenković JK, Hrenović JJ, Goić-Barišić IS, Tomić MD, Rajić NZ. Antibacterial activity of copper-containing clinoptilolite/PVC composites toward clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Serb Chem Soc. 2015; 80(6):819-826.
  • Miro G, Mateo M, Montoya A, Vela E, Calonge R. Survey of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the Madrid area and comparison of the efficacy of three anthelmintics in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res. 2007; 100:317-320.
  • Montoya A, Dado D, Mateo M, Espinosa C, Miró G. Efficacy of Drontal® Flavour Plus (50 mg praziquantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate, 150 mg febantel per tablet) against Giardia sp in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res. 2008; 103:1141-1144.
  • Olson ME, O’Handley RM, Ralston BJ, McAllister TA, Thompson RCA. Update on Cryotosporidium and Giardia infections in cattle. Trends in Parasitol. 2004; 20:185-191.
  • Payne PA, Artzer M. The biology and control of Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009; 39:993-1007.
  • Payne PA, Ridley RK, Dryden MW, Bathgate C, Milliken GA, Stewart PW. Efficacy of a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis. JAVMA. 2002; 220:330-333.
  • Read C, Walters J, Robertson I, Thompson R. Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32:229-231.
  • Rodriguez-Fuentes G, Barrios MA, Iraizoz A, Perdomo I, Cedre B. Enterex: Antidiarrheic drug based on purified natural clinoptilolite. Zeo. 1997; 19(5-6):441-448.
  • Simpson KW, Rishniw M, Bellosa M, Liotta J, Lucio A, Baumgart M, Czarnecki-Maulden G, Benyacoub J, Bowman D. Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 Probiotic on Giardiasis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2009; 23(3):476-481.
  • Thompson RCA. The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Giardiasis. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126:15-35.
  • Top A, Ülkü S. Silver, zinc, and copper exchange in a Na-clinoptilolite and resulting effect on antibacterial activity. Appl Clay Sci. 2004; 27(1-2):13-19.Tysnes KR, Skancke E, Robertson LJ. Subclinical Giardia in dogs: a veterinary conundrum relevant to human infection. Trends Parasitol. 2014; 30:520-7. Ural K, Aysul N, Voyvoda H, Ulutas B, Aldemir OS, Eren H. Single dose of secnidazole treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in Sakiz lambs. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2014; 19(1):4023-4032.Westermarck E. Chronic diarrhea in dogs: what do we actually know about it? Top Companion Anim Med. 2016; 31:78-84.Zarcovic N, Zarcovic K, Kralj M, Borovic S, Sabolovic S, Blazi MP, Pavelic K. Anticancer and antioxidative effects of micronized zeolite clinoptilolite. Anticancer Res. 2003; 23(2):1589-1596.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Adnan Ayan 0000-0002-6564-3416

Songül Erdoğan This is me 0000-0002-7833-5519

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Acceptance Date August 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ayan, A., & Erdoğan, S. (2019). Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 12(3), 305-309. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.576233
AMA Ayan A, Erdoğan S. Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?. kvj. September 2019;12(3):305-309. doi:10.30607/kvj.576233
Chicago Ayan, Adnan, and Songül Erdoğan. “Giardia Duodenalis Ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit Ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12, no. 3 (September 2019): 305-9. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.576233.
EndNote Ayan A, Erdoğan S (September 1, 2019) Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12 3 305–309.
IEEE A. Ayan and S. Erdoğan, “Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?”, kvj, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 305–309, 2019, doi: 10.30607/kvj.576233.
ISNAD Ayan, Adnan - Erdoğan, Songül. “Giardia Duodenalis Ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit Ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12/3 (September 2019), 305-309. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.576233.
JAMA Ayan A, Erdoğan S. Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?. kvj. 2019;12:305–309.
MLA Ayan, Adnan and Songül Erdoğan. “Giardia Duodenalis Ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit Ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, 2019, pp. 305-9, doi:10.30607/kvj.576233.
Vancouver Ayan A, Erdoğan S. Giardia Duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit ile Antiparaziter Kür Sağlanabilir Mi?. kvj. 2019;12(3):305-9.

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