Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 393 - 400, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1277456

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dirofilariasis, Lyme, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis in sheltered dogs in Afyonkarahisar.
Methods: The data were obtained and evaluated from 400 dogs (female, n = 246; male, n = 154) of different breeds and at different ages that were referred to Afyon Kocatepe University Animal Hospital. Accordingly, ovariohysterectomy (n = 196), castration (n = 113), skin disease (n = 113), diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue and anorexia (n = 37), lameness (n = 13), transmissible venereal tumor (n = 9), ascites (n = 2), pregnancy diagnosis (n = 2), mammary tumor (n = 1) and conjunctivitis (n = 1) were determined in dogs. Blood samples of dogs were taken to hematology and biochemistry after the first clinical examination of dogs. SNAP 4Dx (Idexx) Quick test kit was used to diagnose dirofilariasis, Lyme, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis.
Result: The prevalence of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, dirofilariasis, and Lyme was 1.25%, 0.75%, 0.75%, and 0%, respectively. Although the prevalence of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and dirofilariasis is low, the results of the study suggested that these zoonotic diseases should still be evaluated as a risk factor for both humans and animals which live in this region as the disease spreads through vectors

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Afyon Kocatepe University

Project Number

15.VF.04

References

  • Aranda, C., Panyella, O., Eritja, R., Castella, J. (1998). Canine filariasis importance and transmission in the Baix Llobregat area, Barcelona (Spain). Vet Parasitol, 77, 267-275. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00109-5
  • Asghar, N., Petersson, M., Johansson, M., & Dinnetz, P. (2016). Local landscape effects on population dynamics of Ixodes ricinus. Geospatial health, 11(3). doi:10.4081/gh.2016.487
  • Aydın, L., Çetin, H., Çırak, V.Y., Girişgin, A.O., & Özüiçli, M. (2021). Artropodoloji. 1. Baskı. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Aytuğ N. (2012). Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. 2. Baskı. Malatya: Medipres Yayınevi.
  • Bell, C. A., & Patel, R. (2005). A real-time combined polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 53(4), 301-306. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.019
  • Bhide, M., Yilmaz, Z., Golcu, E., Torun, S., & Mikula, I. (2008). Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs and horses in Turkey. Ann Agric Environ Med, 15(1), 85-90.
  • Coşkun, S.Z., Tınar, R., Akyol, Ç.V., Aydın, L., Demir, C. (1992). Doğal enfekte köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis mikrofilerlerine ivermektinin etkisi. Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 121-128.
  • Day, M. J. (2011). One health: the importance of companion animal vector-borne diseases. Parasites & vectors, 4, 1-6. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-49
  • Doğanay, A. (1987). Türkiye'de Köpeklerdeki Dirofilariasis Sorunu ve İnsan Sağlığı Açısından Önemi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(02), 277-287. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000001091
  • Düzlü, Ö., Inci, A., Yıldırım, A., Doğanay, M., Özbel, Y., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Vector-borne zoonotic diseases in Turkey: rising threats on public health. Türkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 44(3), 168. doi:10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6985
  • Düzlü, Ö., İnci, A., Yıldırım, A., Önder, Z., Çiloğlu, A. (2014). Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların Real Time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların moleküler karekterizasyonları. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 275-282. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642
  • Eisen, R.J., Eisen, L., Ogden, N.H., Beard, C.B. (2015). Linkages of weather and climate with Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae), enzootic transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, and Lyme disease in North America. The Journal of Medical Entomology, 53: 250–261. doi:10.1093/jme/tjv199
  • Esendal, Ö.M., Özgür, M., Arda, M., Akay, Ö., Keskin, O. (1996). Köpeklerde Borrelia burgdorferi antikorlarının floresan antikor tekniği ile saptanması. In: I. Uluslararası Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye. 1996. p. 128–129.
  • Estrada-Peña, A. (2001). Distribution, abundance and habitiat preferences of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: ixodiae) in Northern Spain. The Journal of Medical Entomology, 38, 361–370. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.3.361
  • Fan, C. K., Su, K. E., Lin, Y. H., Liao, C. W., Du, W. Y., & Chiou, H. Y. (2001). Seroepidemiologic survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among domestic dogs in Taipei City and mountain aboriginal districts in Taiwan (1998–1999). Veterinary Parasitology, 102(1-2), 113-120. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00511-8
  • Gokmen, T.G., Günaydin, E., Turut, N., Akın, B., Koç, Ö., Ütük, A.E. (2019). A serosurvey on some canine vector-borne zoonoses (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis and Leishmania spp.) in Osmaniye. Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilim Dergisi, 14(2), 151-158.
  • Graham, J. M. (1974). Canine filariasis in northeastern Kansas. The Journal of Parasitology, 322-326.. doi: 10.2307/3278475
  • Gülanber, E. G., Gülanber, A., Albayrak, R., Gülanber, N. G., & Polat, E. (2007). Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in a Saint Bernard dog: First clinical case in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 31(5), 367-369. doi: 10.3906/vet-0504-19
  • Güneş, T., Poyraz, Ö., Kaya, S., Gençer, L., & Alim, A. (2005). Sivas yöresinde Borrelia burgdorferi vektörlerinin ve lyme seropozitifliğinin araştırılması. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 39(4), 503-508.
  • Hrkľová, G., Nováková, M., Chytra, M., Kostova, C., & Petko, B. (2008). Monitoring the distribution and abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks in relevance of climate change and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Northern Slovakia (Liptovska valley). Folia Veterinaria, 52(2), 62-63.
  • Inci, A., Yildirim, A., Duzlu, O., Doganay, M., & Aksoy, S. (2016). Tick-borne diseases in Turkey: A review based on one health perspective. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(12), e0005021. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005021
  • İçen, H., Sekin, S., Simsek, A., Kochan, A., Celik, O. Y., & Altas, M. G. (2011). Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(4), 371-378. doi:10.3923/ajava.2011.371.378
  • Jones, E. O., Webb, S. D., Ruiz-Fons, F. J., Albon, S., & Gilbert, L. (2011). The effect of landscape heterogeneity and host movement on a tick-borne pathogen. Theoretical Ecology, 4, 435-448.. doi: 10.1007/s12080-010-0087-8
  • Küçüker, S., & Şahinduran, Ş. (2018). Antalya İlinde bulunan köpeklerde Dirofilariazis, Borrelioziz, Ehrlichiazis ve Anaplazmozis' in hızlı test kitleri ile teşhisi ve insidansı üzerine araştırmalar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 191-200.
  • Loh, E. H., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Olival, K. J., Bogich, T. L., Johnson, C. K., Mazet, J. A., ... & Daszak, P. (2015). Targeting transmission pathways for emerging zoonotic disease surveillance and control. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 15(7), 432-437. doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.1563
  • Maggi, R. G., Birkenheuer, A. J., Hegarty, B. C., Bradley, J. M., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2014). Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs. Parasites & vectors, 7, 1-9.. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-127.
  • Martin, T. E., & Collins, G. H. (1985). Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in greyhounds. Australian veterinary journal, 62(5), 159-163. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb07278.x
  • Medlock, J. M., Hansford, K. M., Bormane, A., Derdakova, M., Estrada-Peña, A., George, J. C., ... & Van Bortel, W. (2013). Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. Parasites & vectors, 6, 1-11. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-1
  • Michel, N., Burel, F., & Butet, A. (2006). How does landscape use influence small mammal diversity, abundance and biomass in hedgerow networks of farming landscapes?. Acta Oecologica, 30(1), 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.12.006
  • Montoya, J. A., Morales, M., Ferrer, O., Molina, J. M., & Corbera, J. A. (1998). The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in gran canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (1994–1996). Veterinary parasitology, 75(2-3), 221-226. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00175-1
  • Otranto, D., Dantas-Torres, F., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2009). Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: part one. Trends in parasitology, 25(4), 157-163. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.003
  • Özata, F. (2012). Ehrlichia canis ve anaplasma phagocytophilum ile infekte köpeklerde trombosit indeksleri; plateletkrit, ortalama trombosit hacmi ve trombosit dağılım genişliği (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Özcel, M.A. (2013). Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları. 1.Baskı. İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Perez, G., Bastian, S., Agoulon, A., Bouju, A., Durand, A., Faille, F., ... & Butet, A. (2016). Effect of landscape features on the relationship between Ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts. Parasites & vectors, 9(1), 1-18. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1296-9
  • Sainz, Á., Roura, X., Miró, G., Estrada-Peña, A., Kohn, B., Harrus, S., & Solano-Gallego, L. (2015). Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasites & vectors, 8, 1-20. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0649-0
  • Sarı, B., Taşçı, G.T., Kılıç, Y. (2013). Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi in Dogs in Iğdır Province, Turkey. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 735-739. doi:10.9775/kvfd.2012.8466
  • Sarnıç, H., & Alkan, M. (1986). Köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis olguları ve insan sağlığı yönünden önemi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 11, 169-174.
  • Satir, E. (2006). Köpeklerde Borrelia burgdorferi infeksiyonunun PCR ile araştırılması.
  • Selby, L. A., Corwin, R. M., & Hayes Jr, H. M. (1980). Risk factors associated with canine heartworm infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 176(1), 33-35.
  • Skotarczak, B. (2018). The role of companion animals in the environmental circulation of tick-borne bacterial pathogens. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 25(3), 473-480. doi:10.26444/aaem/93381
  • Taylor, L. H., Latham, S. M., & Woolhouse, M. E. (2001). Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1411), 983-989.doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0888
  • Theis, J. H., Stevens, F., & Law, M. (2001). Distribution, prevalence, and relative risk of filariasis in dogs from the state of Washington (1997-1999). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 37(4), 339-347. doi:10.5326/15473317-37-4-339
  • Unver, A., Huang, H., & Rikihisa, Y. (2006). Cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in dogs experimentally infected with a new virulent strain of Ehrlichia canis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1078(1), 482-486.doi:10.1196/annals.1374.090
  • Ural, K., Gultekin, M., Atasoy, A., & Ulutas, B. (2014). Spatial distribution of vector borne disease agents in dogs in Aegean region, Turkey. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 19(2), 4086-4098. doi: 10.21897/rmvz.102
  • Uslu, O. (2008). Köpeklerde Lyme hastalığının araştırılması (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Voyvoda, H., & Serdar, P. A. Ş. A. (2004). Aydın’ın bazı ilçe ve köyleri ile İzmir’in Selçuk İlçesindeki köpeklerde Leishmaniosis ve Dirofilariasis’ in prevalansı. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28(6), 1105-1111.
  • Woolhouse, M. E., & Gowtage-Sequeria, S. (2005). Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Emerging infectious diseases, 11(12), 1842. doi:10.3201/eid1112.050997
  • Zeybek, H. (1989). Ankara yöresi köpeklerinde Dirofilaria immitis olguları. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 6(5), 1-9.

Afyonkarahisar Yöresi Köpeklerde Diroflariozis, Lyme, Anaplazmozis ve Ehrlichiozisin Prevalansı

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 393 - 400, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1277456

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar’da yaşayan köpeklerde dirofilariasis, Lyme, anaplasmosis ve ehrlichiosis prevalansının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Veriler, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesine sevk edilen farklı ırk ve yaştaki 400 köpekten (dişi, n=246; erkek, n=154) elde edildi ve değerlendirildi. Buna göre ovariohisterektomi (n=196), kastrasyon (n=113), deri hastalığı (n=113), ishal, kusma, yorgunluk ve anoreksi (n=37), topallık (n=13), bulaşıcı zührevi tümör (n= 9), asites (n=2), gebelik tanısı (n=2), meme tümörü (n=1) ve konjonktivit (n=1) köpeklerde saptanmıştır. Köpeklerin ilk klinik muayenesinin ardından kan örnekleri hematoloji ve biyokimyaya alındı. SNAP 4Dx (Idexx) Hızlı test kiti, dirofilariasis, Lyme, anaplasmosis ve ehrlichiosis'i teşhis etmek için kullanıldı.
Bulgular ve Sonuç: Anaplazmoz, ehrlichiosis, dirofilariasis ve Lyme prevalansı sırasıyla %1.25, %0.75, %0.75 ve %0 idi. Anaplazmoz, ehrlichiosis ve dirofilariazis prevalansı düşük olmasına rağmen, çalışmanın sonuçları, bu zoonotik hastalıkların, hastalık vektörler yoluyla yayıldığı için hem insanlar hem de bu bölgede yaşayan hayvanlar için bir risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir.

Project Number

15.VF.04

References

  • Aranda, C., Panyella, O., Eritja, R., Castella, J. (1998). Canine filariasis importance and transmission in the Baix Llobregat area, Barcelona (Spain). Vet Parasitol, 77, 267-275. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00109-5
  • Asghar, N., Petersson, M., Johansson, M., & Dinnetz, P. (2016). Local landscape effects on population dynamics of Ixodes ricinus. Geospatial health, 11(3). doi:10.4081/gh.2016.487
  • Aydın, L., Çetin, H., Çırak, V.Y., Girişgin, A.O., & Özüiçli, M. (2021). Artropodoloji. 1. Baskı. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Aytuğ N. (2012). Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. 2. Baskı. Malatya: Medipres Yayınevi.
  • Bell, C. A., & Patel, R. (2005). A real-time combined polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 53(4), 301-306. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.019
  • Bhide, M., Yilmaz, Z., Golcu, E., Torun, S., & Mikula, I. (2008). Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs and horses in Turkey. Ann Agric Environ Med, 15(1), 85-90.
  • Coşkun, S.Z., Tınar, R., Akyol, Ç.V., Aydın, L., Demir, C. (1992). Doğal enfekte köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis mikrofilerlerine ivermektinin etkisi. Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 121-128.
  • Day, M. J. (2011). One health: the importance of companion animal vector-borne diseases. Parasites & vectors, 4, 1-6. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-49
  • Doğanay, A. (1987). Türkiye'de Köpeklerdeki Dirofilariasis Sorunu ve İnsan Sağlığı Açısından Önemi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(02), 277-287. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000001091
  • Düzlü, Ö., Inci, A., Yıldırım, A., Doğanay, M., Özbel, Y., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Vector-borne zoonotic diseases in Turkey: rising threats on public health. Türkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 44(3), 168. doi:10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6985
  • Düzlü, Ö., İnci, A., Yıldırım, A., Önder, Z., Çiloğlu, A. (2014). Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların Real Time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların moleküler karekterizasyonları. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 275-282. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642
  • Eisen, R.J., Eisen, L., Ogden, N.H., Beard, C.B. (2015). Linkages of weather and climate with Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae), enzootic transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, and Lyme disease in North America. The Journal of Medical Entomology, 53: 250–261. doi:10.1093/jme/tjv199
  • Esendal, Ö.M., Özgür, M., Arda, M., Akay, Ö., Keskin, O. (1996). Köpeklerde Borrelia burgdorferi antikorlarının floresan antikor tekniği ile saptanması. In: I. Uluslararası Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye. 1996. p. 128–129.
  • Estrada-Peña, A. (2001). Distribution, abundance and habitiat preferences of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: ixodiae) in Northern Spain. The Journal of Medical Entomology, 38, 361–370. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.3.361
  • Fan, C. K., Su, K. E., Lin, Y. H., Liao, C. W., Du, W. Y., & Chiou, H. Y. (2001). Seroepidemiologic survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among domestic dogs in Taipei City and mountain aboriginal districts in Taiwan (1998–1999). Veterinary Parasitology, 102(1-2), 113-120. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00511-8
  • Gokmen, T.G., Günaydin, E., Turut, N., Akın, B., Koç, Ö., Ütük, A.E. (2019). A serosurvey on some canine vector-borne zoonoses (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis and Leishmania spp.) in Osmaniye. Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilim Dergisi, 14(2), 151-158.
  • Graham, J. M. (1974). Canine filariasis in northeastern Kansas. The Journal of Parasitology, 322-326.. doi: 10.2307/3278475
  • Gülanber, E. G., Gülanber, A., Albayrak, R., Gülanber, N. G., & Polat, E. (2007). Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in a Saint Bernard dog: First clinical case in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 31(5), 367-369. doi: 10.3906/vet-0504-19
  • Güneş, T., Poyraz, Ö., Kaya, S., Gençer, L., & Alim, A. (2005). Sivas yöresinde Borrelia burgdorferi vektörlerinin ve lyme seropozitifliğinin araştırılması. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 39(4), 503-508.
  • Hrkľová, G., Nováková, M., Chytra, M., Kostova, C., & Petko, B. (2008). Monitoring the distribution and abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks in relevance of climate change and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Northern Slovakia (Liptovska valley). Folia Veterinaria, 52(2), 62-63.
  • Inci, A., Yildirim, A., Duzlu, O., Doganay, M., & Aksoy, S. (2016). Tick-borne diseases in Turkey: A review based on one health perspective. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(12), e0005021. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005021
  • İçen, H., Sekin, S., Simsek, A., Kochan, A., Celik, O. Y., & Altas, M. G. (2011). Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(4), 371-378. doi:10.3923/ajava.2011.371.378
  • Jones, E. O., Webb, S. D., Ruiz-Fons, F. J., Albon, S., & Gilbert, L. (2011). The effect of landscape heterogeneity and host movement on a tick-borne pathogen. Theoretical Ecology, 4, 435-448.. doi: 10.1007/s12080-010-0087-8
  • Küçüker, S., & Şahinduran, Ş. (2018). Antalya İlinde bulunan köpeklerde Dirofilariazis, Borrelioziz, Ehrlichiazis ve Anaplazmozis' in hızlı test kitleri ile teşhisi ve insidansı üzerine araştırmalar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 191-200.
  • Loh, E. H., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Olival, K. J., Bogich, T. L., Johnson, C. K., Mazet, J. A., ... & Daszak, P. (2015). Targeting transmission pathways for emerging zoonotic disease surveillance and control. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 15(7), 432-437. doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.1563
  • Maggi, R. G., Birkenheuer, A. J., Hegarty, B. C., Bradley, J. M., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2014). Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs. Parasites & vectors, 7, 1-9.. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-127.
  • Martin, T. E., & Collins, G. H. (1985). Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in greyhounds. Australian veterinary journal, 62(5), 159-163. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb07278.x
  • Medlock, J. M., Hansford, K. M., Bormane, A., Derdakova, M., Estrada-Peña, A., George, J. C., ... & Van Bortel, W. (2013). Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. Parasites & vectors, 6, 1-11. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-1
  • Michel, N., Burel, F., & Butet, A. (2006). How does landscape use influence small mammal diversity, abundance and biomass in hedgerow networks of farming landscapes?. Acta Oecologica, 30(1), 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.12.006
  • Montoya, J. A., Morales, M., Ferrer, O., Molina, J. M., & Corbera, J. A. (1998). The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in gran canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (1994–1996). Veterinary parasitology, 75(2-3), 221-226. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00175-1
  • Otranto, D., Dantas-Torres, F., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2009). Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: part one. Trends in parasitology, 25(4), 157-163. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.003
  • Özata, F. (2012). Ehrlichia canis ve anaplasma phagocytophilum ile infekte köpeklerde trombosit indeksleri; plateletkrit, ortalama trombosit hacmi ve trombosit dağılım genişliği (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Özcel, M.A. (2013). Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları. 1.Baskı. İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Perez, G., Bastian, S., Agoulon, A., Bouju, A., Durand, A., Faille, F., ... & Butet, A. (2016). Effect of landscape features on the relationship between Ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts. Parasites & vectors, 9(1), 1-18. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1296-9
  • Sainz, Á., Roura, X., Miró, G., Estrada-Peña, A., Kohn, B., Harrus, S., & Solano-Gallego, L. (2015). Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasites & vectors, 8, 1-20. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0649-0
  • Sarı, B., Taşçı, G.T., Kılıç, Y. (2013). Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi in Dogs in Iğdır Province, Turkey. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 735-739. doi:10.9775/kvfd.2012.8466
  • Sarnıç, H., & Alkan, M. (1986). Köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis olguları ve insan sağlığı yönünden önemi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 11, 169-174.
  • Satir, E. (2006). Köpeklerde Borrelia burgdorferi infeksiyonunun PCR ile araştırılması.
  • Selby, L. A., Corwin, R. M., & Hayes Jr, H. M. (1980). Risk factors associated with canine heartworm infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 176(1), 33-35.
  • Skotarczak, B. (2018). The role of companion animals in the environmental circulation of tick-borne bacterial pathogens. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 25(3), 473-480. doi:10.26444/aaem/93381
  • Taylor, L. H., Latham, S. M., & Woolhouse, M. E. (2001). Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1411), 983-989.doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0888
  • Theis, J. H., Stevens, F., & Law, M. (2001). Distribution, prevalence, and relative risk of filariasis in dogs from the state of Washington (1997-1999). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 37(4), 339-347. doi:10.5326/15473317-37-4-339
  • Unver, A., Huang, H., & Rikihisa, Y. (2006). Cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in dogs experimentally infected with a new virulent strain of Ehrlichia canis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1078(1), 482-486.doi:10.1196/annals.1374.090
  • Ural, K., Gultekin, M., Atasoy, A., & Ulutas, B. (2014). Spatial distribution of vector borne disease agents in dogs in Aegean region, Turkey. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 19(2), 4086-4098. doi: 10.21897/rmvz.102
  • Uslu, O. (2008). Köpeklerde Lyme hastalığının araştırılması (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Voyvoda, H., & Serdar, P. A. Ş. A. (2004). Aydın’ın bazı ilçe ve köyleri ile İzmir’in Selçuk İlçesindeki köpeklerde Leishmaniosis ve Dirofilariasis’ in prevalansı. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28(6), 1105-1111.
  • Woolhouse, M. E., & Gowtage-Sequeria, S. (2005). Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Emerging infectious diseases, 11(12), 1842. doi:10.3201/eid1112.050997
  • Zeybek, H. (1989). Ankara yöresi köpeklerinde Dirofilaria immitis olguları. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 6(5), 1-9.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Durmuş Fatih Başer 0000-0003-4272-9011

Turan Civelek 0000-0002-4819-3484

Ahmet Cihat Tunç 0000-0002-6296-6762

Abuzer Acar 0000-0002-4235-2763

Project Number 15.VF.04
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date August 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Başer, D. F., Civelek, T., Tunç, A. C., Acar, A. (2023). Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 16(3), 393-400. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1277456
AMA Başer DF, Civelek T, Tunç AC, Acar A. Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar. kvj. September 2023;16(3):393-400. doi:10.30607/kvj.1277456
Chicago Başer, Durmuş Fatih, Turan Civelek, Ahmet Cihat Tunç, and Abuzer Acar. “Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2023): 393-400. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1277456.
EndNote Başer DF, Civelek T, Tunç AC, Acar A (September 1, 2023) Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16 3 393–400.
IEEE D. F. Başer, T. Civelek, A. C. Tunç, and A. Acar, “Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar”, kvj, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 393–400, 2023, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1277456.
ISNAD Başer, Durmuş Fatih et al. “Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16/3 (September 2023), 393-400. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1277456.
JAMA Başer DF, Civelek T, Tunç AC, Acar A. Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar. kvj. 2023;16:393–400.
MLA Başer, Durmuş Fatih et al. “Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, 2023, pp. 393-00, doi:10.30607/kvj.1277456.
Vancouver Başer DF, Civelek T, Tunç AC, Acar A. Prevalence of Dirofilariasis, Lyme, Anaplasmosis, and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs in Afyonkarahisar. kvj. 2023;16(3):393-400.

13520    13521       13522   1352314104

14105         14106        14107       14108