Analysis of the Readability of Package Inserts for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications Used in Turkey
Abstract
Aim: The readability level of a written text is directly related to how well the text is understood.There are precise formulas that may be used to test readability objectively. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the readability of the ADHD medication package inserts that are presently in use in Turkey.
Methods: 23 medication package inserts for ADHD in total were categorized based on their types. The Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (https://www.titck.gov.tr/kubkt) provided the most updated package leaflets for the medications in these categories. The Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz readability formulae, which are relevant to Turkish texts, were used to assess package inserts.
Results: The Ateşman reading score was calculated to be 72.2 (7-8th grade) on average. The Bezirci-Yılmaz formula has a reading level equivalent to grades 7-8, which corresponds to the primary school level. Based on the 2022 TUIK data in Turkey, it was found that the reading level was suitable for the average education level, except for the SNRI group (high school level).
Conclusion: Given the aforementioned information, we maintain the viewpoint that pharmaceutical package inserts for psychiatric medications ought to ideally contain content written at the level of a primary school (7-8th grade).
Supporting Institution
No financial support was received for this study.
Thanks
Thank you for considering the manuscript.
References
- 1. Goldbort R. Readable writing by scientists and researchers. J Environ Health. 2001;63(8):40-1. PMID: 11381867.
- 2. Bezirci B, Yılmaz AE. A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. DEÜi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Derg. 2010;12(3):49-62. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667.
- 3. Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi. 1997;58:71-4 https://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=17987267716299471747
- 4. Akkuş M. Evaluation of the Readability of Antidepressant Drug Package Inserts Commonly Used in Psychiatry. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2023;45(5):689-95. doi: 10.20515/otd.1260211.
- 5. Du Bay WH. The principles of readability. Costa Mesa, CA: Impact Information, 2004; 1-72.Available from: http://www.impact-information.com/impactinfo/readability02.pdf
- 6. Ercan ES. Epidemiological Aspect of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci. 2010;6(2):1-5
- 7. Diallo FB, Pelletier É, Vasiliadis HM, Rochette L, Vincent A, Palardy S et al. Morbidities and mortality of diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the youth lifespan: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2022;31(1):e1903. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1903.
- 8. Shaw M, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Young S, Kahle J, Woods AG et al. A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment. BMC Med. 2012;10:99. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-99.
- 9. Charpentier A, Goudemand M, Thomas P. L'alliance thérapeutique, un enjeu dans la schizophrénie [Therapeutic alliance, a stake in schizophrenia]. Encephale. 2009;35(1):80-9. French. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2007.12.009.
- 10. Swanson J. Compliance with stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: issues and approaches for improvement. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(2):117-31. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317020-00004.
- 11. İlaç Fiyatları | 16 Şubat 2024 tarihli İlaç Fiyat Listesi.” https://www.ilacrehberi.com/ilac-fiyatlari/
- 12. Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. J Appl Psychol. 1948 Jun;32(3):221-33. doi: 10.1037/h0057532.
- 13. Zheng Y, Tang Y, Tseng HC, Chang TH, Li L, Chen P et al. Evaluation of quality and readability of over-the-counter medication package inserts. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022;18(9):3560-3567. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.03.012.
- 14. MacLaughlin EJ, Raehl CL, Treadway AK, Sterling TL, Zoller DP, Bond CA. Assessing medication adherence in the elderly: which tools to use in clinical practice? Drugs Aging. 2005;22(3):231-55. doi: 10.2165/00002512-200522030-00005.
- 15. Jilka S, Simblett S, Odoi CM, van Bilsen J, Wieczorek A, Erturk S, Wilson E et al. Terms and conditions apply: Critical issues for readability and jargon in mental health depression apps. Internet Interv. 2021;25:100433. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100433.
- 16. Haw C, Stubbs J. Patient information leaflets for antidepressants: are patients getting the information they need? J Affect Disord. 2011;128(1-2):165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.034.
- 17. Shiffman S, Gerlach KK, Sembower MA, Rohay JM. Consumer understanding of prescription drug information: an illustration using an antidepressant medication. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(4):452-8. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P477.
- 18. Zarea Gavgani V, Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S, Hanaee J, Hamishehkar H. Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran. Drug Health Patient Saf. 2018;10:9-19. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S150428.
- 19. Ay İE, Duranoğlu Y. An evaluation of the readability of package inserts of eye drops. Anatol Clin. 2022;27(1):55-9. doi: 10.21673/anadoluklin.993863.
- 20. Munsour EE, Awaisu A, Hassali MAA, Darwish S, Abdoun E. Readability and Comprehensibility of Patient Information Leaflets for Antidiabetic Medications in Qatar. J Pharm Technol. 2017;33(4):128-136. doi: 10.1177/8755122517706978.
- 21. Boztaş N, Özbilgin Ş, Öçmen E, Altuntaş G, Özkardeşler S, Hancı V, Günerli A. Evaluating the Readibility of Informed Consent Forms Available Before Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(3):140-4. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2014.94547.
- 22. Noorbala AA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Hajebi A, Mousavi MT et al. Mental Health Survey of the Iranian Adult Population in 2015. Arch Iran Med. 2017;20(3):128-134. PMID: 28287805.
- 23. Desplenter FA, Simoens S, Laekeman G. The impact of informing psychiatric patients about their medication: a systematic review. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28(6):329-41. doi: 10.1007/s11096-006-9054-2.
- 24. 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması İleri Analiz Çalışması. Available from: https://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11655/25746
- 25. TÜİK Kurumsal. 2022. Ulusal Eğitim İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ulusal-EgitimIstatistikleri-2022-49756
- 26. OECD (2023), Education at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e13bef63-en
Türkiye'de Kullanılan Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İlaçlarının Prospektüslerinin Okunabilirlik Düzeyi
Abstract
Amaç:Yazılı bir metnin okunabilirlik düzeyi, metnin ne kadar iyi anlaşıldığıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Okunabilirliği objektif olarak test etmek için kullanılabilecek kesin formüller vardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye'de halen kullanılmakta olan DEHB ilaç prospektüslerinin okunabilirliğini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem:Toplam 23 DEHB ilaç prospektüsü türlerine göre kategorize edilmiştir. Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu (https://www.titck.gov.tr/kubkt) websitesinden bu kategorilerdeki ilaçlar için en güncel prospektüsler sağlanmıştır. Türkçe metinlerle için uygulanabilir olan Ateşman ve Bezirci-Yılmaz okunabilirlik formülleri prospektüsleri değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Ateşman okuma puanı ortalama 72,2 (7-8. sınıf) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benzer şekilde Bezirci-Yılmaz formülü ile de, ilkokul seviyesine karşılık gelen 7-8. sınıflara eşdeğer bir okuma seviyesi tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye 2022 TÜİK verilerine dayanarak, DEHB ilaçlarının prospektüslerinin okunabilirlik düzeyinin, SNRI grubu (lise seviyesi) hariç ortalama eğitim seviyesine uygun olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Yukarıda belirtilen bilgiler ışığında, psikiyatrik ilaçların ilaç prospektüslerinin ideal olarak ilkokul (7-8. sınıf) düzeyinde yazılmış içerik içermesi gerektiği görüşünü savunuyoruz.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Helsinki Deklarasyonuna madde 1 ‘de ‘’Dünya Tabipler Birliği (DTB) Helsinki Bildirgesi’ni, tanımlanabilir insan materyali ve verileri de dahil olmak üzere, insanlar üzerindeki tıbbi araştırmalarla ilgili etik ilkelere yer veren bir açıklama olarak hazırlamıştır’’ şeklinde bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda herhangi bir insan ve insana ait veri kullanımına yer verilmemiştir. Çakışmamız bir hayvan deneyi değildir. Bu nedenlerle Klinik ve Klinik Dışı Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu ve Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulu onay gerekmemektedir.
Supporting Institution
Bu çalışma için herhangi bir maddi destek alınmamıştır.
References
- 1. Goldbort R. Readable writing by scientists and researchers. J Environ Health. 2001;63(8):40-1. PMID: 11381867.
- 2. Bezirci B, Yılmaz AE. A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. DEÜi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Derg. 2010;12(3):49-62. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667.
- 3. Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi. 1997;58:71-4 https://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=17987267716299471747
- 4. Akkuş M. Evaluation of the Readability of Antidepressant Drug Package Inserts Commonly Used in Psychiatry. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2023;45(5):689-95. doi: 10.20515/otd.1260211.
- 5. Du Bay WH. The principles of readability. Costa Mesa, CA: Impact Information, 2004; 1-72.Available from: http://www.impact-information.com/impactinfo/readability02.pdf
- 6. Ercan ES. Epidemiological Aspect of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci. 2010;6(2):1-5
- 7. Diallo FB, Pelletier É, Vasiliadis HM, Rochette L, Vincent A, Palardy S et al. Morbidities and mortality of diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the youth lifespan: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2022;31(1):e1903. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1903.
- 8. Shaw M, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Young S, Kahle J, Woods AG et al. A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment. BMC Med. 2012;10:99. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-99.
- 9. Charpentier A, Goudemand M, Thomas P. L'alliance thérapeutique, un enjeu dans la schizophrénie [Therapeutic alliance, a stake in schizophrenia]. Encephale. 2009;35(1):80-9. French. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2007.12.009.
- 10. Swanson J. Compliance with stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: issues and approaches for improvement. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(2):117-31. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317020-00004.
- 11. İlaç Fiyatları | 16 Şubat 2024 tarihli İlaç Fiyat Listesi.” https://www.ilacrehberi.com/ilac-fiyatlari/
- 12. Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. J Appl Psychol. 1948 Jun;32(3):221-33. doi: 10.1037/h0057532.
- 13. Zheng Y, Tang Y, Tseng HC, Chang TH, Li L, Chen P et al. Evaluation of quality and readability of over-the-counter medication package inserts. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022;18(9):3560-3567. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.03.012.
- 14. MacLaughlin EJ, Raehl CL, Treadway AK, Sterling TL, Zoller DP, Bond CA. Assessing medication adherence in the elderly: which tools to use in clinical practice? Drugs Aging. 2005;22(3):231-55. doi: 10.2165/00002512-200522030-00005.
- 15. Jilka S, Simblett S, Odoi CM, van Bilsen J, Wieczorek A, Erturk S, Wilson E et al. Terms and conditions apply: Critical issues for readability and jargon in mental health depression apps. Internet Interv. 2021;25:100433. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100433.
- 16. Haw C, Stubbs J. Patient information leaflets for antidepressants: are patients getting the information they need? J Affect Disord. 2011;128(1-2):165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.034.
- 17. Shiffman S, Gerlach KK, Sembower MA, Rohay JM. Consumer understanding of prescription drug information: an illustration using an antidepressant medication. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(4):452-8. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P477.
- 18. Zarea Gavgani V, Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S, Hanaee J, Hamishehkar H. Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran. Drug Health Patient Saf. 2018;10:9-19. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S150428.
- 19. Ay İE, Duranoğlu Y. An evaluation of the readability of package inserts of eye drops. Anatol Clin. 2022;27(1):55-9. doi: 10.21673/anadoluklin.993863.
- 20. Munsour EE, Awaisu A, Hassali MAA, Darwish S, Abdoun E. Readability and Comprehensibility of Patient Information Leaflets for Antidiabetic Medications in Qatar. J Pharm Technol. 2017;33(4):128-136. doi: 10.1177/8755122517706978.
- 21. Boztaş N, Özbilgin Ş, Öçmen E, Altuntaş G, Özkardeşler S, Hancı V, Günerli A. Evaluating the Readibility of Informed Consent Forms Available Before Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(3):140-4. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2014.94547.
- 22. Noorbala AA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Hajebi A, Mousavi MT et al. Mental Health Survey of the Iranian Adult Population in 2015. Arch Iran Med. 2017;20(3):128-134. PMID: 28287805.
- 23. Desplenter FA, Simoens S, Laekeman G. The impact of informing psychiatric patients about their medication: a systematic review. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28(6):329-41. doi: 10.1007/s11096-006-9054-2.
- 24. 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması İleri Analiz Çalışması. Available from: https://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11655/25746
- 25. TÜİK Kurumsal. 2022. Ulusal Eğitim İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ulusal-EgitimIstatistikleri-2022-49756
- 26. OECD (2023), Education at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e13bef63-en
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2024 |
| Submission Date | March 12, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 23, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |
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