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Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?

Year 2015, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 288 - 91, 06.07.2015

Abstract

Objectives: The carriage rates of S. aureus among medical students were reported to notably increase after they attended medical wards. We aimed to investigate the nasal colonization rates of S. aureus in medical students and assess whether attending clinical wards has an impact on nasal carriage rates of S. aureus.

Methods: Medical students from Namik Kemal University were divided into two groups, ‘preclinical’ and ‘clinical’. Nasal swabs from both anterior nares were obtained and transferred to the laboratory for culturing.

Results: Community-acquired methicilline-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 2 out of 75 students (2.66%) in the preclinical group. In the clinical group, 3 out of 75 students (4%) were carriers for community-acquired MSSA. No statistically significant difference in terms of MSSA carriage was observed between the groups (p>0.05, p=0.649). Neither community-acquired methicilline-resistant S. aureus nor hospital-acquired S. aureus was detected.

Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that attending clinical wards did not increase nasal carriage rates in medical school students. Low carriage rates may be explained by strict adherence to the rules of disinfection and antisepsis by the medical students attending clinical wards and the comprehensive hygienic precautions taken by the infection control committee of the hospital. 

References

  • Bischoff WE, Wallis ML, Tucker KB, Reboussin BA, Sherertz RJ. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a student community: prevalence, clonal relationships, and risk factors. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004; 25: 485-491.
  • Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, van Leeuwen W, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Nouwen JL. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5: 751-762.
  • Fredheim EG, Flægstad T, Askarian F, Klingenberg C. Colonisation and interaction between S. epidermidis and S. aureus in the nose and throat of healthy adolescents. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015 Jan;34:123-9. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2197-5. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
  • Krespi YP, Kizhner V. Laser-assisted nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012 Sep-Oct;33:572-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
  • Steed LL, Costello J, Lohia S, Jones T, Spannhake EW, Nguyen S. Reduction of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in health care professionals by treatment with a nonantibiotic, alcohol-based nasal antiseptic. Am J Infect Control. 2014; 42: 841-846. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.04.008.
  • Treesirichod A, Hantagool S, Prommalikit O. Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand: a follow-up study. J Infect Public Health. 2014; 7: 205-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.12.003.
  • Syafinaz AM, Nur Ain NZ, Nadzirahi SN, Fatimah JS, Shahram A, Nasir MD. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriers Among Medical Students in A Medical School. Med J Malaysia. 2012; 67: 636-638.
  • Gualdoni GA, Lingscheid T, Tobudic S, Burgmann H. Low nasal carriage of drug-resistant bacteria among medical students in Vienna. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip. 2012;7: Doc04. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000188. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
  • CLSI. Surveillance for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Principles, Practices, and Challenges; A Report. CLSI document X07-R. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010.
  • Long SW, Beres SB, Olsen RJ, Musser JM. Absence of Patient-to-Patient Intrahospital Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus as Determined by Whole-Genome Sequencing. MBio. 2014; 5: e01692-01714. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01692-14.
  • Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36: 131-139.
  • Shibabaw A, Abebe T, Mihret A. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Dessie Referral Hospital Health Care Workers; Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013; 2: 25. doi: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-25.
  • Ma XX, Sun DD, Wang S, Wang ML, Li M, Shang H, Wang EH, Luo EJ. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among preclinical medical students: epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 70: 22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.004.
  • Güçlü E, Yavuz T, Tokmak A, Behçet M, Karali E, Oztürk O, Egeli E. Nasal carriage of pathogenic bacteria in medical students: effects of clinic exposure on prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 264: 85-88.
  • López-Aguilera S, Goñi-Yeste Mdel M, Barrado L, González-Rodríguez-Salinas MC, Otero JR, Chaves F. [Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in medical students: imprtance in nosocomial transmission]. [Article in Spanish] Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2013; 31: 500-505. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.12.005.
  • Trépanier P, Tremblay C, Ruest A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among medical residents. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2013; 24: e39-41.
  • Slifka KJ, Nettleman MD, Dybas L, Stein GE. Is acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus an occupational hazard for medical students? Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49: 482-483. doi: 10.1086/600824.
  • Chen CS, Chen CY, Huang YC. Nasal carriage rate and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at a Taiwanese university. Int J Infect Dis. 2012; 16: e799-803. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.07.004.

Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?

Year 2015, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 288 - 91, 06.07.2015

Abstract

References

  • Bischoff WE, Wallis ML, Tucker KB, Reboussin BA, Sherertz RJ. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a student community: prevalence, clonal relationships, and risk factors. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004; 25: 485-491.
  • Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, van Leeuwen W, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Nouwen JL. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5: 751-762.
  • Fredheim EG, Flægstad T, Askarian F, Klingenberg C. Colonisation and interaction between S. epidermidis and S. aureus in the nose and throat of healthy adolescents. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015 Jan;34:123-9. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2197-5. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
  • Krespi YP, Kizhner V. Laser-assisted nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012 Sep-Oct;33:572-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
  • Steed LL, Costello J, Lohia S, Jones T, Spannhake EW, Nguyen S. Reduction of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in health care professionals by treatment with a nonantibiotic, alcohol-based nasal antiseptic. Am J Infect Control. 2014; 42: 841-846. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.04.008.
  • Treesirichod A, Hantagool S, Prommalikit O. Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand: a follow-up study. J Infect Public Health. 2014; 7: 205-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.12.003.
  • Syafinaz AM, Nur Ain NZ, Nadzirahi SN, Fatimah JS, Shahram A, Nasir MD. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriers Among Medical Students in A Medical School. Med J Malaysia. 2012; 67: 636-638.
  • Gualdoni GA, Lingscheid T, Tobudic S, Burgmann H. Low nasal carriage of drug-resistant bacteria among medical students in Vienna. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip. 2012;7: Doc04. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000188. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
  • CLSI. Surveillance for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Principles, Practices, and Challenges; A Report. CLSI document X07-R. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010.
  • Long SW, Beres SB, Olsen RJ, Musser JM. Absence of Patient-to-Patient Intrahospital Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus as Determined by Whole-Genome Sequencing. MBio. 2014; 5: e01692-01714. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01692-14.
  • Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36: 131-139.
  • Shibabaw A, Abebe T, Mihret A. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Dessie Referral Hospital Health Care Workers; Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013; 2: 25. doi: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-25.
  • Ma XX, Sun DD, Wang S, Wang ML, Li M, Shang H, Wang EH, Luo EJ. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among preclinical medical students: epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 70: 22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.004.
  • Güçlü E, Yavuz T, Tokmak A, Behçet M, Karali E, Oztürk O, Egeli E. Nasal carriage of pathogenic bacteria in medical students: effects of clinic exposure on prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 264: 85-88.
  • López-Aguilera S, Goñi-Yeste Mdel M, Barrado L, González-Rodríguez-Salinas MC, Otero JR, Chaves F. [Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in medical students: imprtance in nosocomial transmission]. [Article in Spanish] Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2013; 31: 500-505. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.12.005.
  • Trépanier P, Tremblay C, Ruest A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among medical residents. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2013; 24: e39-41.
  • Slifka KJ, Nettleman MD, Dybas L, Stein GE. Is acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus an occupational hazard for medical students? Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49: 482-483. doi: 10.1086/600824.
  • Chen CS, Chen CY, Huang YC. Nasal carriage rate and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at a Taiwanese university. Int J Infect Dis. 2012; 16: e799-803. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.07.004.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zafer Ciftci

Mahmut Deniz

Hayati Gunes

Abdullah Gumus This is me

Erdogan Gultekin This is me

Aynur Topkaya

Publication Date July 6, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 2 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Ciftci, Z., Deniz, M., Gunes, H., Gumus, A., et al. (2015). Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?. Medical Science and Discovery, 2(5), 288-91. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.95678
AMA Ciftci Z, Deniz M, Gunes H, Gumus A, Gultekin E, Topkaya A. Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?. Med Sci Discov. July 2015;2(5):288-91. doi:10.17546/msd.95678
Chicago Ciftci, Zafer, Mahmut Deniz, Hayati Gunes, Abdullah Gumus, Erdogan Gultekin, and Aynur Topkaya. “Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?”. Medical Science and Discovery 2, no. 5 (July 2015): 288-91. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.95678.
EndNote Ciftci Z, Deniz M, Gunes H, Gumus A, Gultekin E, Topkaya A (July 1, 2015) Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?. Medical Science and Discovery 2 5 288–91.
IEEE Z. Ciftci, M. Deniz, H. Gunes, A. Gumus, E. Gultekin, and A. Topkaya, “Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?”, Med Sci Discov, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 288–91, 2015, doi: 10.17546/msd.95678.
ISNAD Ciftci, Zafer et al. “Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?”. Medical Science and Discovery 2/5 (July 2015), 288-91. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.95678.
JAMA Ciftci Z, Deniz M, Gunes H, Gumus A, Gultekin E, Topkaya A. Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?. Med Sci Discov. 2015;2:288–91.
MLA Ciftci, Zafer et al. “Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?”. Medical Science and Discovery, vol. 2, no. 5, 2015, pp. 288-91, doi:10.17546/msd.95678.
Vancouver Ciftci Z, Deniz M, Gunes H, Gumus A, Gultekin E, Topkaya A. Does Attending Clinical Wards Increase Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medical Students?. Med Sci Discov. 2015;2(5):288-91.