Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 143 - 149, 03.04.2021

Banuhan Şahin Duygu Murat Öztürk

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the level of anxiety and distress among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19.
Material and Methods: A 30-item questionnaire was applied on-line to a total of 240 pregnant women from all the cities of Turkey between 18-24 May 2020. With this questionnaire, demographic data of the participants, their knowledge and concerns about Covid-19, general measures they took against Covid-19, pregnancy follow-ups and their delivery preferences were evaluated. In addition, the State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) adapted to Turkish was applied to each participant. Personal and obstetric information were grouped and compared with the anxiety scale. Anxiety levels of the groups were calculated.
Results: The STAI score means of 240 pregnant women who filled our questionnaire was 46.39±12.36 and the Cronbach Alpha value was calculated as 0.93. It was found that 125 pregnant women received help by contacting their doctor over the phone during the Covid-19 outbreak. It was also found that 106 pregnant women wanted to give birth at home. It was again found that 47.9% of pregnant women received information about Covid-19 from television. The STAI scores of pregnant women whose one or more family members’ Covid-19 test were positive was 59.60 ± 5.63. The anxiety scores of pregnant women who were healthcare workers was 48.30 ± 12.27.
Conclusions: Necessary clinical and psychological counseling services should be provided by local and national health institutions via television, telephone and internet for pregnant women, whose anxiety level increased during the Covid-19 outbreak, to be in full physical and mental well-being.

Keywords

Coronavirus 2019 Covid-19 pregnancy anxiety

Project Number

-

References

  • Al-Rabiaah, A., Temsah, M.H., Al-Eyadhy, A.A., Hasan, G.M., Al-Zamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., et al., 2020. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 27, S1876-0341(20)30005-8.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z, Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng, J., 2020. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 287, 112934.
  • Dashraath, P., Jing Lin Jeslyn, W., Mei Xian Karen, L., Li Min, L., Sarah, L., Biswas, A., Arjandas Choolani, M., Mattar, C., Lin, S.L., 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. pii: S0002-9378(20)30343-4.
  • Ferreira, C.R., Orsini, M.C, Vieira, C.R., Do Amarante Paffaro, A.M., Silva, R.R., 2015. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depression in the third gestational trimester. Arch Gynecol Obstetri. 291(5),999-1003.
  • González-Mesa, E., Kabukcuoglu, K., Körükcü, O., Blasco, M., Ibrahim, N., Cazorla-Granados, O., et al, 2019. Correlates for state and trait anxiety in a multicultural sample of Turkish and Spanish women at first trimester of pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 249, 1-7.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., et al., 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 3(3),e203976.
  • Lam, C.M., Wong, S.F., Leung, T.N., Chow, K.M., Yu, W.C., Wong, T.Y., et al., 2004. A case-controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG. 111,771–4.
  • Lee, D.T., Sahota, D., Leung, T.N., Yip, A.S., Lee, F.F., Chung, T.K., 2006. Psychological responses of pregnant women to an infectious outbreak: a case-control study of the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong. J Psychosom Res. 61(5), 707-13.
  • Leung, G.M., Ho, L.M., Chan, S.K., Ho, S.Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R.Y., et al., 2005. Longitudinal assessment of community psycho-behavioural responses during and after the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Clin Infect Dis. 40,1713 – 20.
  • Mahmoud, T., Mercer, C., Tschudin, S., Bitzer, J., Gonzales-Mesa, E., Rowe, H., et al., 2016. Perinatal mental health: bridging the gaps in policy and practice. Entre Nous. 85, 22–24.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: Clinical Management and Service Guidance. Clin. Guidel.
  • Oner, N., Le Compte, W. 1985, Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygi Envanteri El Kitabi (Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). İstanbul. Bogaziçi University
  • Özusta, H., 1995. State-trait anxiety inventory for children adaptation, validity and reliability study. Turkish J. Psychol. 10,32–44.
  • Patel, V., Kleinman, A., 2003. Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bull WHO. 81, 609–615.
  • Ravid, E., Salzer, L., Arnon, L., Eisner, M., Wiznitzer, A., Weller, A., Koren, L., Hadar, E., 2018. Is there an association between maternal anxiety propensity and pregnancy outcomes? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 18(1), 287.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Directorate General of Public Health. February 2020. Covid-19 (2019-N Cover Disease) Guide, Science Study Committee, Accessibility. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklar db /hastaliklar /2019 _n_ CoV /rehberler/COVID-19_RehberiV5-25February2020.pdf
  • Schwartz, D.A., Graham, A.L., 2020. Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses. 12(2), pii: E194.
  • Spielberger Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.A., 1971. Development of the Spanish edition of the state–trait anxiety inventory. Rev. Interam. Psicol. 5, 145–158.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Ho, R.C., 2020. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(5), 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
  • Wilder-Smith, A., Chiew, C.J., Lee, V.J., 2020. Can we contain the covid-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20(5), 102-107. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30129-8.
  • Wong, S.F., Chow, K.M., Leung, T.N., Ng, W.F., Ng, T.K.,, Shek, C.C. & et. al. 2004. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 191, 292– 7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.11.019
  • Xiang, Y.T., 2020. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 7, 228–229.
  • Zhang, Y., Ma, Z.F., 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning province, China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(7), 2381.

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 143 - 149, 03.04.2021

Banuhan Şahin Duygu Murat Öztürk

Abstract

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

Çeviri için yardımcı olan sayın İbrahim Türker'e teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Al-Rabiaah, A., Temsah, M.H., Al-Eyadhy, A.A., Hasan, G.M., Al-Zamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., et al., 2020. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 27, S1876-0341(20)30005-8.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z, Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng, J., 2020. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 287, 112934.
  • Dashraath, P., Jing Lin Jeslyn, W., Mei Xian Karen, L., Li Min, L., Sarah, L., Biswas, A., Arjandas Choolani, M., Mattar, C., Lin, S.L., 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. pii: S0002-9378(20)30343-4.
  • Ferreira, C.R., Orsini, M.C, Vieira, C.R., Do Amarante Paffaro, A.M., Silva, R.R., 2015. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depression in the third gestational trimester. Arch Gynecol Obstetri. 291(5),999-1003.
  • González-Mesa, E., Kabukcuoglu, K., Körükcü, O., Blasco, M., Ibrahim, N., Cazorla-Granados, O., et al, 2019. Correlates for state and trait anxiety in a multicultural sample of Turkish and Spanish women at first trimester of pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 249, 1-7.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., et al., 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 3(3),e203976.
  • Lam, C.M., Wong, S.F., Leung, T.N., Chow, K.M., Yu, W.C., Wong, T.Y., et al., 2004. A case-controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG. 111,771–4.
  • Lee, D.T., Sahota, D., Leung, T.N., Yip, A.S., Lee, F.F., Chung, T.K., 2006. Psychological responses of pregnant women to an infectious outbreak: a case-control study of the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong. J Psychosom Res. 61(5), 707-13.
  • Leung, G.M., Ho, L.M., Chan, S.K., Ho, S.Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R.Y., et al., 2005. Longitudinal assessment of community psycho-behavioural responses during and after the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Clin Infect Dis. 40,1713 – 20.
  • Mahmoud, T., Mercer, C., Tschudin, S., Bitzer, J., Gonzales-Mesa, E., Rowe, H., et al., 2016. Perinatal mental health: bridging the gaps in policy and practice. Entre Nous. 85, 22–24.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: Clinical Management and Service Guidance. Clin. Guidel.
  • Oner, N., Le Compte, W. 1985, Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygi Envanteri El Kitabi (Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). İstanbul. Bogaziçi University
  • Özusta, H., 1995. State-trait anxiety inventory for children adaptation, validity and reliability study. Turkish J. Psychol. 10,32–44.
  • Patel, V., Kleinman, A., 2003. Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bull WHO. 81, 609–615.
  • Ravid, E., Salzer, L., Arnon, L., Eisner, M., Wiznitzer, A., Weller, A., Koren, L., Hadar, E., 2018. Is there an association between maternal anxiety propensity and pregnancy outcomes? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 18(1), 287.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Directorate General of Public Health. February 2020. Covid-19 (2019-N Cover Disease) Guide, Science Study Committee, Accessibility. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklar db /hastaliklar /2019 _n_ CoV /rehberler/COVID-19_RehberiV5-25February2020.pdf
  • Schwartz, D.A., Graham, A.L., 2020. Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses. 12(2), pii: E194.
  • Spielberger Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.A., 1971. Development of the Spanish edition of the state–trait anxiety inventory. Rev. Interam. Psicol. 5, 145–158.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Ho, R.C., 2020. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(5), 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
  • Wilder-Smith, A., Chiew, C.J., Lee, V.J., 2020. Can we contain the covid-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20(5), 102-107. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30129-8.
  • Wong, S.F., Chow, K.M., Leung, T.N., Ng, W.F., Ng, T.K.,, Shek, C.C. & et. al. 2004. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 191, 292– 7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.11.019
  • Xiang, Y.T., 2020. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 7, 228–229.
  • Zhang, Y., Ma, Z.F., 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning province, China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(7), 2381.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Banuhan Şahin 0000-0002-8711-1584

Duygu Murat Öztürk 0000-0001-7917-3606

Project Number -
Publication Date April 3, 2021
Submission Date August 29, 2020
Acceptance Date December 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 38 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şahin, B., & Murat Öztürk, D. (2021). Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 38(2), 143-149.
AMA Şahin B, Murat Öztürk D. Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. April 2021;38(2):143-149.
Chicago Şahin, Banuhan, and Duygu Murat Öztürk. “Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety Among Pregnant Women During the Outbreak of Covid-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 2 (April 2021): 143-49.
EndNote Şahin B, Murat Öztürk D (April 1, 2021) Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38 2 143–149.
IEEE B. Şahin and D. Murat Öztürk, “Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 143–149, 2021.
ISNAD Şahin, Banuhan - Murat Öztürk, Duygu. “Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety Among Pregnant Women During the Outbreak of Covid-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38/2 (April 2021), 143-149.
JAMA Şahin B, Murat Öztürk D. Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2021;38:143–149.
MLA Şahin, Banuhan and Duygu Murat Öztürk. “Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety Among Pregnant Women During the Outbreak of Covid-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 38, no. 2, 2021, pp. 143-9.
Vancouver Şahin B, Murat Öztürk D. Evaluation of the level of anxiety among pregnant women during the outbreak of Covid-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2021;38(2):143-9.
 Download Cover Image

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.