Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System

Sinem Suner-keklik; Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş

Research Article

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 550 - 556, 09.10.2021

Sinem Suner-keklik Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş

Abstract

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

References

REFERENCES 1. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-920.
2. Martinez-Ferran M, de la Guía-Galipienso F, Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H. Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits. Nutrients. 2020;12:1549.
3. Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Fly AD. Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Obesity. 2020; 28: 1176-1177.
4. Hardman AE. Physical activity and cancer risk. Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60:107-113.
5. Astrup A. Healthy lifestyles in Europe: prevention of obesity and type II diabetes by diet and physical activity. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4:499-515.
6. Ströhle A. Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2009;116:777-784.
7. Brill PA, Macera CA, Davis DR, Blanir SN, Gordon N. Muscular strength and physical function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:412-416.
8. Elhai JD, Yang H, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:576-582.
9. Briggs AM, Bragge P, Smith AJ, Govil D, Straker LM. Prevalence and associated factors for thoracic spine pain in the adult working population: a literature review. J Occup Health. 2009;1-41.
10. Namwongsa S, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Boucaut R. Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users. Work. 2018;61:367-378.
11. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1· 9 million participants. Lancet. 2018;6:1077-1086.
12. Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380:294-305.
13. Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;64:108-110.
14. Noyan CO, Enez Darçın A, Nurmedov S, Yılmaz O, Dilbaz N. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2015;16:73-81.
15. Kwon M, Kim D-J, Cho H, Ynag S. The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS one. 2013;8:83558.
16. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One. 2013;8:56936.
17. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111:278-284.
18. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjorstrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc.. 2003;35:1381-1395.
19. Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ. A comparison of a modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire and the Quebec back pain disability scale. Phys Ther. 2001;81:776-788.
20. Yakut E, Düger T, Öksüz Ç, et al. Yörükan S, Üreten K, Turan D, Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine. 2004;29:581-585.
21. Bolton JE, Humphreys BK. The Bournemouth Questionnaire: a short-form comprehensive outcome measure. II. Psychometric properties in neck pain patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:141-148.
22. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U, et al. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380:247-257.
23. Hoffmann B, Kobel S, Wartha O, Kettner S, dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. High sedentary time in children is not only due to screen media use: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:154-163.
24. Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Ruiz-Casado A, et al. Regular physical activity: a little is good, but is it good enough? Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:1099-1101.
25. Martinez-Gomez D, Lavie CJ, Hamer M, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Garcia-Esquinas E, Pareja-Galeano H, et al. Physical activity without weight loss reduces the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors–a prospective cohort study of more than one hundred thousand adults. Prog Cardiovasc Dis.2019;62:522-530.
26. Pareja-Galeano H, Garatachea N, Lucia A. Exercise as a polypill for chronic diseases. Progress in molecular biology and translational science. Elsevier; 2015; 135: 497-526.
27. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2011;2:1143-1211.
28. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1199-1207.
29. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PloS One. 2020;15:1-10.
30. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:1729.
31. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Yoon SR, Jung KI. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36:98-104.
32. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One. 2013;8:e56936.
33. Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick BC. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon. 2011;42:371-378.
34. Burgess-Limerick R, Plooy A, Ankrum DJ. The effect of imposed and self-selected computer monitor height on posture and gaze angle. Clin Biomech. 1998;13:584-592.
35. McEvoy MP, Grimmer K. Reliability of upright posture measurements in primary school children. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005;6:35-45.
36. Lau KT, Cheung KY, Chan MH, Chan MH, Lo KY, Chiu TTW. Relationships between sagittal postures of thoracic and cervical spine, presence of neck pain, neck pain severity and disability. Man Ther. 2010;15:457-462.
37. Szeto GP, Straker L, Raine SJ. A field comparison of neck and shoulder postures in symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers. Appl Ergon. 2002;33:75-84.
38. Derakhshanrad N, Yekaninejad MS, Mehrdad R, Saberi H. Neck pain associated with smartphone overuse: cross-sectional report of a cohort study among office workers. Eur Spine J. 2021,30:461-467.
39. Zhuang L, Wang L, Xu D, Wnag Z, Liang R. Association between excessive smartphone use and cervical disc degeneration in young patients suffering from chronic neck pain. J Orthop Sci. 2020;26:110-115.
40. Tunçay S, Yeldan İ. Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıklarıyla Fiziksel İnaktivite İlişkili midir? Ağrı. 2013;25:147-155.
41. Crow WT, Willis DR. Estimating cost of care for patients with acute low back pain: a retrospective review of patient records. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109:229-233.
42. Brady SR, Hussain SM, Brown WJ, Heritier S, Billah B, Wang Y, et al. Relationships between Weight, Physical Activity and Back Pain in Young Adult Women. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3368
43. Bento TPF, dos Santos Genebra CV, Maciel NM, Cornelio GP, Simeão SFAP, Vitta A. Low back pain and some associated factors: is there any difference between genders? Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24:79-87.
44. Šagát P, Bartík P, Prieto González P, Ioan Tohanean D, Knjaz D. Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:7302.
45. Mörl F, Bradl IJJoe, kinesiology. Lumbar posture and muscular activity while sitting during office work. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013;23:362-368.

Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 550 - 556, 09.10.2021

Sinem Suner-keklik Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate relationship between physical activity level, smartphone usage, back and neck health during Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: Participants between ages of 18-65 were included in study. Smartphone usage was evaluated with Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, physical activity levels with short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire was used to evaluate back and neck problems.
Results: A total of 251 people (179 women, 72 men, age: 28.11±9.49 years, min-max: 18-62 years) participated in study. 134 participants (53.38%) had low physical activity levels, 35 individuals (13.94%) had sufficient physical activity levels while 82 participants (32.66%) were not physically active. A weak positive correlation was found between neck pain and total score of smartphone addiction scale, daily smartphone usage time, daily smartphone check frequency, and first check time after waking up (r=0.199, r=0.149, r=0.132, respectively). A weak negative correlation was found between neck pain and first check time after waking up (r=-0.145).
Conclusions: As a result of study, it was observed that physical activity levels were insufficient in majority of individuals who participated in survey. The relationships we expected between physical activity level, smartphone usage characteristics, low back and neck health could not be demonstrated, only weak relationships were found between some features of smartphone use and neck health. We believe that finding solutions to increase physical activity levels of individuals during pandemic period will have both protective effects on health and will prevent problems by affecting musculoskeletal system positively.

Keywords

covid-19, smartphone, musculoskeletal system

Project Number

yok

References

REFERENCES 1. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-920.
2. Martinez-Ferran M, de la Guía-Galipienso F, Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H. Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits. Nutrients. 2020;12:1549.
3. Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Fly AD. Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Obesity. 2020; 28: 1176-1177.
4. Hardman AE. Physical activity and cancer risk. Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60:107-113.
5. Astrup A. Healthy lifestyles in Europe: prevention of obesity and type II diabetes by diet and physical activity. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4:499-515.
6. Ströhle A. Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2009;116:777-784.
7. Brill PA, Macera CA, Davis DR, Blanir SN, Gordon N. Muscular strength and physical function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:412-416.
8. Elhai JD, Yang H, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:576-582.
9. Briggs AM, Bragge P, Smith AJ, Govil D, Straker LM. Prevalence and associated factors for thoracic spine pain in the adult working population: a literature review. J Occup Health. 2009;1-41.
10. Namwongsa S, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Boucaut R. Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users. Work. 2018;61:367-378.
11. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1· 9 million participants. Lancet. 2018;6:1077-1086.
12. Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380:294-305.
13. Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;64:108-110.
14. Noyan CO, Enez Darçın A, Nurmedov S, Yılmaz O, Dilbaz N. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2015;16:73-81.
15. Kwon M, Kim D-J, Cho H, Ynag S. The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS one. 2013;8:83558.
16. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One. 2013;8:56936.
17. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111:278-284.
18. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjorstrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc.. 2003;35:1381-1395.
19. Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ. A comparison of a modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire and the Quebec back pain disability scale. Phys Ther. 2001;81:776-788.
20. Yakut E, Düger T, Öksüz Ç, et al. Yörükan S, Üreten K, Turan D, Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine. 2004;29:581-585.
21. Bolton JE, Humphreys BK. The Bournemouth Questionnaire: a short-form comprehensive outcome measure. II. Psychometric properties in neck pain patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:141-148.
22. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U, et al. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380:247-257.
23. Hoffmann B, Kobel S, Wartha O, Kettner S, dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. High sedentary time in children is not only due to screen media use: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:154-163.
24. Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Ruiz-Casado A, et al. Regular physical activity: a little is good, but is it good enough? Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:1099-1101.
25. Martinez-Gomez D, Lavie CJ, Hamer M, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Garcia-Esquinas E, Pareja-Galeano H, et al. Physical activity without weight loss reduces the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors–a prospective cohort study of more than one hundred thousand adults. Prog Cardiovasc Dis.2019;62:522-530.
26. Pareja-Galeano H, Garatachea N, Lucia A. Exercise as a polypill for chronic diseases. Progress in molecular biology and translational science. Elsevier; 2015; 135: 497-526.
27. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2011;2:1143-1211.
28. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1199-1207.
29. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PloS One. 2020;15:1-10.
30. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:1729.
31. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Yoon SR, Jung KI. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36:98-104.
32. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One. 2013;8:e56936.
33. Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick BC. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon. 2011;42:371-378.
34. Burgess-Limerick R, Plooy A, Ankrum DJ. The effect of imposed and self-selected computer monitor height on posture and gaze angle. Clin Biomech. 1998;13:584-592.
35. McEvoy MP, Grimmer K. Reliability of upright posture measurements in primary school children. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005;6:35-45.
36. Lau KT, Cheung KY, Chan MH, Chan MH, Lo KY, Chiu TTW. Relationships between sagittal postures of thoracic and cervical spine, presence of neck pain, neck pain severity and disability. Man Ther. 2010;15:457-462.
37. Szeto GP, Straker L, Raine SJ. A field comparison of neck and shoulder postures in symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers. Appl Ergon. 2002;33:75-84.
38. Derakhshanrad N, Yekaninejad MS, Mehrdad R, Saberi H. Neck pain associated with smartphone overuse: cross-sectional report of a cohort study among office workers. Eur Spine J. 2021,30:461-467.
39. Zhuang L, Wang L, Xu D, Wnag Z, Liang R. Association between excessive smartphone use and cervical disc degeneration in young patients suffering from chronic neck pain. J Orthop Sci. 2020;26:110-115.
40. Tunçay S, Yeldan İ. Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıklarıyla Fiziksel İnaktivite İlişkili midir? Ağrı. 2013;25:147-155.
41. Crow WT, Willis DR. Estimating cost of care for patients with acute low back pain: a retrospective review of patient records. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109:229-233.
42. Brady SR, Hussain SM, Brown WJ, Heritier S, Billah B, Wang Y, et al. Relationships between Weight, Physical Activity and Back Pain in Young Adult Women. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3368
43. Bento TPF, dos Santos Genebra CV, Maciel NM, Cornelio GP, Simeão SFAP, Vitta A. Low back pain and some associated factors: is there any difference between genders? Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24:79-87.
44. Šagát P, Bartík P, Prieto González P, Ioan Tohanean D, Knjaz D. Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:7302.
45. Mörl F, Bradl IJJoe, kinesiology. Lumbar posture and muscular activity while sitting during office work. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013;23:362-368.

There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Clinical Research
Authors	Sinem Suner-keklik 0000-0002-9506-3172 Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş 0000-0001-9296-8972
Project Number	yok
Publication Date	October 9, 2021
Submission Date	April 5, 2021
Acceptance Date	April 23, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 38 Issue: 4

Cite

APA	Suner-keklik, S., & Numanoğlu Akbaş, A. (2021). Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 38(4), 550-556.
AMA	Suner-keklik S, Numanoğlu Akbaş A. Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System. J. Exp. Clin. Med. October 2021;38(4):550-556.
Chicago	Suner-keklik, Sinem, and Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş. “Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 4 (October 2021): 550-56.
EndNote	Suner-keklik S, Numanoğlu Akbaş A (October 1, 2021) Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38 4 550–556.
IEEE	S. Suner-keklik and A. Numanoğlu Akbaş, “Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 550–556, 2021.
ISNAD	Suner-keklik, Sinem - Numanoğlu Akbaş, Ayşe. “Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38/4 (October 2021), 550-556.
JAMA	Suner-keklik S, Numanoğlu Akbaş A. Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2021;38:550–556.
MLA	Suner-keklik, Sinem and Ayşe Numanoğlu Akbaş. “Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 38, no. 4, 2021, pp. 550-6.
Vancouver	Suner-keklik S, Numanoğlu Akbaş A. Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Physical Activity, Smartphone Usage, Musculoskeletal System. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2021;38(4):550-6.

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