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OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE

Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 664 - 669, 30.08.2022

Abstract

Background:: Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19], a respiratory and systemic zoonosis form caused by virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family allegedly originating from the town of Wuhan in China, still spreads and causes viral pandemics globally. Although several studies have shown the otolaryngology symptoms and whether the otolaryngology organs are affected in COVID-19 patients, the number of studies regarding the COVID-19 disease effects on voice is limited. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 infection on voice objectively with the voice analysis program Praat and subjectively with a 4-point questionnaire and compare it with the control group.
Methods: 50 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and 50 healthy individuals without COVID-19 infection as the control group were included in the study. All subjects were trained to vocalize a continuous/a/ vocal pattern at speech sound intensity for Maximum Phonation Time. Voice samples were recorded using a Sony [ICD-PX470] audio recorder and evaluated by the Praat program. Dysphonia grades were ranked on 4-point scales.
Results: It is seen from the results that, there were significant differences between the male and female participants in acoustic parameters of fundamental frequency [F0] [p<0.001], shimmer and mean harmonic to noise ratio [HNR] [p=0.011]. There was also a significant difference in F0 values of infected and healthy participants [p=0.008]. However, there was no significant interaction between gender and health status in any of the acoustic parameters [p>0.05]. The degree of thoracic CT involvement had no significant effect on parameters [p>0.05], while there was a weak positive relationship between the duration of hospitalization and F0 [rs=0.397, p=0.004]. Dysphonia was positively associated with health status [rs=0. 682, p<0.001], and female infected participants [84%] reported more frequently dysphonia than males [52%].
Conclusion: In our study, we examined the effect of COVID-19 on voice both objectively and subjectively, and evaluated the relationship between CT involvement and duration of hospitalization, which made our study more reliable. Future studies with larger and more specific patient groups to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and dysphonia will shed a light on the subject.

References

  • References 1) Cantarella G, Aldè M, Consonni D, Zuccotti G, Berardino FD, Barozzi S, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Zanetti D, Pignataro L. Prevalence of Dysphonia in Non hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Lombardy, the Italian Epicenter of the Pandemic. J Voice. 2021 Mar 14:S0892-1997(21)00108-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.009. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33766419; PMCID: PMC7955941.
  • 2) Demirhan E. Fonasyonun anatomofizyolojisi. Özüdoğru EN, editör. Ses Bozukluklarına Güncel yaklaşım. 1. Baskı. Ankara:Türkiye Klinikleri; 2019.p.1-7.
  • 3) Asiaee M, Vahedian-Azimi A, Atashi SS, Keramatfar A, Nourbakhsh M. Voice Quality Evaluation in Patients With COVID-19: An Acoustic Analysis. J Voice. 2020 Oct 1:S0892-1997(20)30368-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.09.024. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33051108; PMCID: PMC7528943.
  • 4) Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, Huet K, Harmegnies B, Horoi M,. Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients With Dysphonia. J Voice. 2020 Jun 4:S0892-1997(20)30183-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.012. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32600873; PMCID: PMC7269945.
  • 5) Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J, Narayanan P. New-Onset Dysphonia: A Silent Manifestation of COVID-19. Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Feb 27:145561321995008. doi: 10.1177/0145561321995008. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33645290.
  • 6) Muslih I, Herawati S, Pawarti DR. Association Between Voice Handicap Index and Praat Voice Analysis in Patients with Benign Vocal Cord Lesion Before and After Microscopic Laryngeal Surgery. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):482-488. doi: 10.1007/s12070-018-1363-y. Epub 2018 Apr 18. PMID: 31742007; PMCID: PMC6848684.
  • 7) Fiorella ML, Cavallaro G, Di Nicola V, Quaranta N. Voice Differences When Wearing and Not Wearing a Surgical Mask. J Voice. 2021 Mar 9:S0892-1997(21)00070-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.01.026. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33712355.
  • 8) Cavallaro G, Di Nicola V, Quaranta N, Fiorella ML. Acoustic voice analysis in the COVID-19 era. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Feb;41(1):1-5. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1002. Epub 2020 Nov 24. PMID: 33231205; PMCID: PMC7982755.
  • 9) Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.0.37, 2018; http://www.praat.org/, accessed August 5, 2020.
  • 10) Gorris C, Ricci Maccarini A, Vanoni F, Poggioli M, Vaschetto R, Garzaro M, Aluffi Valletti P. Acoustic Analysis of Normal Voice Patterns in Italian Adults by Using Praat. J Voice. 2020 Nov;34(6):961.e9-961.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.016. Epub 2019 May 24. PMID: 31130291.
  • 11) Elibol E. Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Apr;278(4):1233-1236. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06319-7. Epub 2020 Sep 1. PMID: 32875391; PMCID: PMC7461752.
  • 12) Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382 (18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub 2020 Feb 28.PMID: 32109013.
  • 13) Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • 14) Buselli R, Corsi M, Necciari G, Pistolesi P, Baldanzi S, Chiumiento M, Del Lupo E, Guerra PD, Cristaudo A. Sudden and persistent dysphonia within the framework of COVID-19: The case report of a nurse. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 Dec;9:100160. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100160. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 33078141; PMCID: PMC7558225.
  • 15) Li MY, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang XS. Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020 Apr 28;9(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00662-x. PMID: 32345362; PMCID: PMC7186534.
  • 16) Vukkadala N, Qian ZJ, Holsinger FC, Patel ZM, Rosenthal E. COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review. Laryngoscope. 2020 Nov;130(11):2537-2543. doi: 10.1002/lary.28672. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32219846.
  • 17) Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, Wang W. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 32007145; PMCID: PMC7159086.
  • 18) Dubnov, T. (2020). Signal Analysis and Classification of Audio Samples From Individuals Diagnosed With COVID-19. UC San Diego. ProQuest ID: Dubnov_ucsd_0033M_19300. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m57420rj.
Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 664 - 669, 30.08.2022

Abstract

References

  • References 1) Cantarella G, Aldè M, Consonni D, Zuccotti G, Berardino FD, Barozzi S, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Zanetti D, Pignataro L. Prevalence of Dysphonia in Non hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Lombardy, the Italian Epicenter of the Pandemic. J Voice. 2021 Mar 14:S0892-1997(21)00108-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.009. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33766419; PMCID: PMC7955941.
  • 2) Demirhan E. Fonasyonun anatomofizyolojisi. Özüdoğru EN, editör. Ses Bozukluklarına Güncel yaklaşım. 1. Baskı. Ankara:Türkiye Klinikleri; 2019.p.1-7.
  • 3) Asiaee M, Vahedian-Azimi A, Atashi SS, Keramatfar A, Nourbakhsh M. Voice Quality Evaluation in Patients With COVID-19: An Acoustic Analysis. J Voice. 2020 Oct 1:S0892-1997(20)30368-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.09.024. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33051108; PMCID: PMC7528943.
  • 4) Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, Huet K, Harmegnies B, Horoi M,. Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients With Dysphonia. J Voice. 2020 Jun 4:S0892-1997(20)30183-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.012. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32600873; PMCID: PMC7269945.
  • 5) Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J, Narayanan P. New-Onset Dysphonia: A Silent Manifestation of COVID-19. Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Feb 27:145561321995008. doi: 10.1177/0145561321995008. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33645290.
  • 6) Muslih I, Herawati S, Pawarti DR. Association Between Voice Handicap Index and Praat Voice Analysis in Patients with Benign Vocal Cord Lesion Before and After Microscopic Laryngeal Surgery. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):482-488. doi: 10.1007/s12070-018-1363-y. Epub 2018 Apr 18. PMID: 31742007; PMCID: PMC6848684.
  • 7) Fiorella ML, Cavallaro G, Di Nicola V, Quaranta N. Voice Differences When Wearing and Not Wearing a Surgical Mask. J Voice. 2021 Mar 9:S0892-1997(21)00070-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.01.026. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33712355.
  • 8) Cavallaro G, Di Nicola V, Quaranta N, Fiorella ML. Acoustic voice analysis in the COVID-19 era. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Feb;41(1):1-5. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1002. Epub 2020 Nov 24. PMID: 33231205; PMCID: PMC7982755.
  • 9) Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.0.37, 2018; http://www.praat.org/, accessed August 5, 2020.
  • 10) Gorris C, Ricci Maccarini A, Vanoni F, Poggioli M, Vaschetto R, Garzaro M, Aluffi Valletti P. Acoustic Analysis of Normal Voice Patterns in Italian Adults by Using Praat. J Voice. 2020 Nov;34(6):961.e9-961.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.016. Epub 2019 May 24. PMID: 31130291.
  • 11) Elibol E. Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Apr;278(4):1233-1236. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06319-7. Epub 2020 Sep 1. PMID: 32875391; PMCID: PMC7461752.
  • 12) Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382 (18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub 2020 Feb 28.PMID: 32109013.
  • 13) Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • 14) Buselli R, Corsi M, Necciari G, Pistolesi P, Baldanzi S, Chiumiento M, Del Lupo E, Guerra PD, Cristaudo A. Sudden and persistent dysphonia within the framework of COVID-19: The case report of a nurse. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 Dec;9:100160. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100160. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 33078141; PMCID: PMC7558225.
  • 15) Li MY, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang XS. Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020 Apr 28;9(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00662-x. PMID: 32345362; PMCID: PMC7186534.
  • 16) Vukkadala N, Qian ZJ, Holsinger FC, Patel ZM, Rosenthal E. COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review. Laryngoscope. 2020 Nov;130(11):2537-2543. doi: 10.1002/lary.28672. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32219846.
  • 17) Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, Wang W. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 32007145; PMCID: PMC7159086.
  • 18) Dubnov, T. (2020). Signal Analysis and Classification of Audio Samples From Individuals Diagnosed With COVID-19. UC San Diego. ProQuest ID: Dubnov_ucsd_0033M_19300. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m57420rj.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Ayşe Çeçen 0000-0001-6255-6125

Begüm Korunur Engiz 0000-0001-9089-7533

Early Pub Date August 30, 2022
Publication Date August 30, 2022
Submission Date December 15, 2021
Acceptance Date June 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 39 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çeçen, A., & Korunur Engiz, B. (2022). OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 39(3), 664-669.
AMA Çeçen A, Korunur Engiz B. OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE. J. Exp. Clin. Med. August 2022;39(3):664-669.
Chicago Çeçen, Ayşe, and Begüm Korunur Engiz. “OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39, no. 3 (August 2022): 664-69.
EndNote Çeçen A, Korunur Engiz B (August 1, 2022) OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39 3 664–669.
IEEE A. Çeçen and B. Korunur Engiz, “OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 664–669, 2022.
ISNAD Çeçen, Ayşe - Korunur Engiz, Begüm. “OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39/3 (August 2022), 664-669.
JAMA Çeçen A, Korunur Engiz B. OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39:664–669.
MLA Çeçen, Ayşe and Begüm Korunur Engiz. “OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 39, no. 3, 2022, pp. 664-9.
Vancouver Çeçen A, Korunur Engiz B. OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VOICE EVALUATION IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOICE. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39(3):664-9.