Review
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Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 18.03.2023

Abstract

References

  • 1. Burn DJ. Approach to history taking and examination of the movement disorders patient. In: Burn DJ (ed.). Oxford textbook of movemen disorders. Oxford University Press;Oxford, 2013:5-9.
  • 2. Dallocchio C, Matinella A, Arbasino C, Arno N, Glorioso M, Sciarretta M, Braga M, Tinazzi M. Movement disorders in emergency settings: a prospective study. Neurol Sci 2019;40(1):133–138.
  • 3. Robottom BJ, Factor SA, Weiner WJ. Movement disorders emergencies. Part 2: hyperkinetic disorders. Arch Neurol 2011;68(6):719-724.
  • 4. Duker AP, Espay AJ. Ballism. In: Jancovic J, Tolosa E (eds.). Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, 2015:217-221.
  • 5. Munhoz RP, Scorr LM, Factor SA. Movement disorders emergencies. Curr Opin Neurol 2015;28(4):406-412.
  • 6. Cardoso F. Sydenham chorea and other choreas. In: Jancovic J, Tolosa E (eds.). Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, 2015:207-216.
  • 7. Ehrlich DJ, Walker RH. Functional neuroimaging and chorea: a systematic review. J Clin Mov Disord 2017;4:8.
  • 8. Chang X, Hong W, Yu H, Yao Y. Chorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia. A case report with atypical imaging changes. Medicine. 2017;96(45): e8602.
  • 9. Weiner SG, Normandin PA. Sydenham chorea: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care 2007;23(1):20-24.
  • 10. Fusco C, Spagnoli C. Corticosteroid treatment in Sydenham's chorea. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018;22(2):327-331. 11. Dean SL, Singer HS. Treatment of Sydenham’s chorea: A review of the current evidence. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 2017;7:456. 12. Feinstein E, Walker R. Treatment of secondary chorea: A Review of the current literature. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 2020;10:22.
  • 13. Pathania M, Upadhyaya S, Lali BS, Sharma A. Chorea gravidarum: a rarity in West still haunts pregnant women in the East. BMJ Case Rep (2013) 2013: bcr2012008096.
  • 14. Palanivelu LM. Chorea gravidarum. J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;27(3):310.
  • 15. Schipper HM, Jay CA, Abrams GA. Sex hormones, pituitary, parathyroid and adrenal disorders and the nervous system. In: Aminoff MJ (ed.). Neurology and general medicine. Elsevier; Amsterdam, 2014:369-397.
  • 16. Lopes MRU, Danowski A, Funke A, Rêgo J, Levy R, de Andrade DCO. Update on antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017;63(11):994-999.
  • 17. Handley A, Medcalf P, Hellier K, Dutta D. Movement disorders after stroke. Age Ageing 2009;38(3):260–266.
  • 18. Levy A, Chen R. Myoclonus: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2016;18(5):21.
  • 19. Werhahn KJ, Brown P, Thompson PD, Marsden CD. The Clinical Features and prognosis o f chronic posthypoxic myoclonus. Mov Disord 1997;12(2):216-220.
  • 20. Bouwes A, van Poppelen D, Koelman J, Kuiper ME, et al. Acute posthypoxic myoclonus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. BMC Neurology 2012;12:63.
  • 21. Wijdicks EF, Parisi JE, Sharbrough FW. Prognostic value of myoclonus status in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol 1994;35(2):239- 243. 22. Freund B, Kaplan PW. Post-hypoxic myoclonus: Differentiating benign and malignant etiologies in diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2017;2:98-102.
  • 23. Kojovic M, Cordivari C, Bhatia K. Myoclonic disorders: a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011;4(1):47–62.
  • 24. Liu ZS, Cui YH, Sun D, Qing L, Jiang YW, et al. Current status, diagnosis, and treatment recommendation for tic disorders in China. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:774.
  • 25. Anandan C, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in movement disorders: An update. Toxins 2021;13(1):42.
  • 26. Servello D, Galbiati TF, Balestrino R, Less G, Zekaj E, Michele S, Porta M. Deep brain stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Toward limbic targets. Brain Sci 2020;10(5):301.
  • 27. Spielberger S, Poewe W. Overview of parkinsonism and approach to differential diagnosis. In: Burn DJ (ed.). Movement disorders. Oxford University Press; Oxford, 2013:61-72.
  • 28. Armstrong MJ, Okun M.S. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease. JAMA 2020;323(6):548–560. 29. Robottom BJ, Weiner WJ, Factor SA. Movement disorders emergencies. Part 1: Hypokinetic disorders. Arch Neurol 2011;68(5):567-572. 30. Rajan R, Krishnan S, Kesavapisharady KK, Kishore A. Malignant subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016;3(3):288-291.
  • 31. Toru M, Matsuda O, Makiguchi K, Sugano K. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state following a withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs. J Nerv Ment Dis 1981;169(5):324-327.
  • 32. Mizuno Y, Takubo H, Mizuta E, Kuno S. Malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease: concept and review of the literature. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003;9(Suppl 1):3-9.
  • 33. Velásquez JLC, Sanz ER, Tabuenca HC, Val JLD, Llerda JAM. Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome. Neurologia 2018;33(2):133-135.
  • 34. Jones SL, Hindle JV. Parkinson’s disease in the acute hospital. Clin Med 2011;11(1):84–88.
  • 35. Sato Y, Asoh T, Metoki N, Satoh K. Efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on neuroleptic malignant syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(5):574–576.
  • 36. Meagher LJ, McKay D, Herkes GK, Needham M. Parkinsonism–hyperpyrexia syndrome: The role of electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Neurosci 2006;13(8):857–859.
  • 37. Douglas A, Morris J. It was not just a heatwave! Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. Age Ageing 2006;35(6):640–641.
  • 38. Sarchioto M, Ricchi V, Melis M, Deriu M, Arca R, Melis M, Morgante F, Cossu G. Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a heat shock–related emergency? Mov Disord Clin Practice 2018;5(5):534–537.
  • 39. Chauhan NR, Kapoor M, Singh LP, Gupta RK, Meena RC, Tulsawani R, Nanda S, Singh SB. Heat stress-induced neuroinflammation and aberration in monoamine levels in hypothalamus are associated with temperature dysregulation. Neuroscience 2017;358:79–92.
  • 40. Wang M, Wang W, Gao Z, Yin X, Chen T, Jiang Z, Wang Z. Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Clinical Autonomic Research 2021;31(4):529–542.
  • 41. Brandom BW, Bina S, Wong CA, Wallace T, Visoiu M, Isackson PJ, Vladutiu GD, Sambuughin N, Muldoon SM. Ryanodine receptor type 1 gene variants in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible population of the United States. Anesth Analg 2013;116(5):1078–1086.
  • 42. Chou SM, Gutmann L. Deteriorating parkinsonism and subdural hematomas. Neurology 2001;57(7):1290-1295. 43. Simonet C, Tolosa E, Camara A, Camara A, Valldeoriola F. Emergencies and critical issues in Parkinson’s disease. Pract Neurol 2020;20(1):15–25.
  • 44. Jankovic J, Tan EK. Parkinson’s disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91(8):795–808.
  • 45. Isaacson SH, Ballard CG, Kreitzman DL, Coate B, Norton JC, Fernandez HH, et al. Efficacy results of pimavanserin from a multi-center, open-label extension study in Parkinson’s disease psychosis patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021;87:25–31.
  • 46. Wood BH, Bilclough JA, Bowron A, Walker RW. Incidence and prediction of falls in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective multidisciplinary study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72(6):721–725.
  • 47. Schrag A, Choudhury M, Kaski D, Gallagher DA. Why do patients with Parkinson’s disease fall? A cross-sectional analysis of possible causes of falls. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2015;1:15011.
  • 48. Nonnekes J, Snijders AH, Nutt JG, Deuschl G, Giladi N, Bloem BR. Freezing of gait: a practical approach to management. Lancet Neurol 2015;14(7):768–778.
  • 49. Gao C, Liu J, Tan Y, Chen S. Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments. Transl Neurodegener 2020;9:12.
  • 50. Gilat M, de Lima ALS, Bloem BR, Shine JM, Nonnekes J, Lewis S. Freezing of gait: Promising avenues for future treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018;52:7-16.

Emergencies in movement disorders

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 18.03.2023

Abstract

Movement disorders can be defined as the abnormality of the speed and form of body movements. Although movement disorders often occur chronically, they can sometimes develop acutely or sub-acutely, and some can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Here, emergencies in movement disorders are discussed under two main headings as emergencies related to hyperkinetic movement disorders and emergencies related to hypokinetic movement disorders. This review draws attention to the importance of that accurate diagnosis and early treatment can be life-saving in emergencies in movement disorders. It also provides recommendations for diagnosis and therapy.

References

  • 1. Burn DJ. Approach to history taking and examination of the movement disorders patient. In: Burn DJ (ed.). Oxford textbook of movemen disorders. Oxford University Press;Oxford, 2013:5-9.
  • 2. Dallocchio C, Matinella A, Arbasino C, Arno N, Glorioso M, Sciarretta M, Braga M, Tinazzi M. Movement disorders in emergency settings: a prospective study. Neurol Sci 2019;40(1):133–138.
  • 3. Robottom BJ, Factor SA, Weiner WJ. Movement disorders emergencies. Part 2: hyperkinetic disorders. Arch Neurol 2011;68(6):719-724.
  • 4. Duker AP, Espay AJ. Ballism. In: Jancovic J, Tolosa E (eds.). Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, 2015:217-221.
  • 5. Munhoz RP, Scorr LM, Factor SA. Movement disorders emergencies. Curr Opin Neurol 2015;28(4):406-412.
  • 6. Cardoso F. Sydenham chorea and other choreas. In: Jancovic J, Tolosa E (eds.). Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, 2015:207-216.
  • 7. Ehrlich DJ, Walker RH. Functional neuroimaging and chorea: a systematic review. J Clin Mov Disord 2017;4:8.
  • 8. Chang X, Hong W, Yu H, Yao Y. Chorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia. A case report with atypical imaging changes. Medicine. 2017;96(45): e8602.
  • 9. Weiner SG, Normandin PA. Sydenham chorea: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care 2007;23(1):20-24.
  • 10. Fusco C, Spagnoli C. Corticosteroid treatment in Sydenham's chorea. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018;22(2):327-331. 11. Dean SL, Singer HS. Treatment of Sydenham’s chorea: A review of the current evidence. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 2017;7:456. 12. Feinstein E, Walker R. Treatment of secondary chorea: A Review of the current literature. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 2020;10:22.
  • 13. Pathania M, Upadhyaya S, Lali BS, Sharma A. Chorea gravidarum: a rarity in West still haunts pregnant women in the East. BMJ Case Rep (2013) 2013: bcr2012008096.
  • 14. Palanivelu LM. Chorea gravidarum. J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;27(3):310.
  • 15. Schipper HM, Jay CA, Abrams GA. Sex hormones, pituitary, parathyroid and adrenal disorders and the nervous system. In: Aminoff MJ (ed.). Neurology and general medicine. Elsevier; Amsterdam, 2014:369-397.
  • 16. Lopes MRU, Danowski A, Funke A, Rêgo J, Levy R, de Andrade DCO. Update on antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017;63(11):994-999.
  • 17. Handley A, Medcalf P, Hellier K, Dutta D. Movement disorders after stroke. Age Ageing 2009;38(3):260–266.
  • 18. Levy A, Chen R. Myoclonus: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2016;18(5):21.
  • 19. Werhahn KJ, Brown P, Thompson PD, Marsden CD. The Clinical Features and prognosis o f chronic posthypoxic myoclonus. Mov Disord 1997;12(2):216-220.
  • 20. Bouwes A, van Poppelen D, Koelman J, Kuiper ME, et al. Acute posthypoxic myoclonus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. BMC Neurology 2012;12:63.
  • 21. Wijdicks EF, Parisi JE, Sharbrough FW. Prognostic value of myoclonus status in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol 1994;35(2):239- 243. 22. Freund B, Kaplan PW. Post-hypoxic myoclonus: Differentiating benign and malignant etiologies in diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2017;2:98-102.
  • 23. Kojovic M, Cordivari C, Bhatia K. Myoclonic disorders: a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011;4(1):47–62.
  • 24. Liu ZS, Cui YH, Sun D, Qing L, Jiang YW, et al. Current status, diagnosis, and treatment recommendation for tic disorders in China. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:774.
  • 25. Anandan C, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in movement disorders: An update. Toxins 2021;13(1):42.
  • 26. Servello D, Galbiati TF, Balestrino R, Less G, Zekaj E, Michele S, Porta M. Deep brain stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Toward limbic targets. Brain Sci 2020;10(5):301.
  • 27. Spielberger S, Poewe W. Overview of parkinsonism and approach to differential diagnosis. In: Burn DJ (ed.). Movement disorders. Oxford University Press; Oxford, 2013:61-72.
  • 28. Armstrong MJ, Okun M.S. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease. JAMA 2020;323(6):548–560. 29. Robottom BJ, Weiner WJ, Factor SA. Movement disorders emergencies. Part 1: Hypokinetic disorders. Arch Neurol 2011;68(5):567-572. 30. Rajan R, Krishnan S, Kesavapisharady KK, Kishore A. Malignant subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016;3(3):288-291.
  • 31. Toru M, Matsuda O, Makiguchi K, Sugano K. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state following a withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs. J Nerv Ment Dis 1981;169(5):324-327.
  • 32. Mizuno Y, Takubo H, Mizuta E, Kuno S. Malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease: concept and review of the literature. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003;9(Suppl 1):3-9.
  • 33. Velásquez JLC, Sanz ER, Tabuenca HC, Val JLD, Llerda JAM. Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome. Neurologia 2018;33(2):133-135.
  • 34. Jones SL, Hindle JV. Parkinson’s disease in the acute hospital. Clin Med 2011;11(1):84–88.
  • 35. Sato Y, Asoh T, Metoki N, Satoh K. Efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on neuroleptic malignant syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(5):574–576.
  • 36. Meagher LJ, McKay D, Herkes GK, Needham M. Parkinsonism–hyperpyrexia syndrome: The role of electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Neurosci 2006;13(8):857–859.
  • 37. Douglas A, Morris J. It was not just a heatwave! Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. Age Ageing 2006;35(6):640–641.
  • 38. Sarchioto M, Ricchi V, Melis M, Deriu M, Arca R, Melis M, Morgante F, Cossu G. Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a heat shock–related emergency? Mov Disord Clin Practice 2018;5(5):534–537.
  • 39. Chauhan NR, Kapoor M, Singh LP, Gupta RK, Meena RC, Tulsawani R, Nanda S, Singh SB. Heat stress-induced neuroinflammation and aberration in monoamine levels in hypothalamus are associated with temperature dysregulation. Neuroscience 2017;358:79–92.
  • 40. Wang M, Wang W, Gao Z, Yin X, Chen T, Jiang Z, Wang Z. Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Clinical Autonomic Research 2021;31(4):529–542.
  • 41. Brandom BW, Bina S, Wong CA, Wallace T, Visoiu M, Isackson PJ, Vladutiu GD, Sambuughin N, Muldoon SM. Ryanodine receptor type 1 gene variants in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible population of the United States. Anesth Analg 2013;116(5):1078–1086.
  • 42. Chou SM, Gutmann L. Deteriorating parkinsonism and subdural hematomas. Neurology 2001;57(7):1290-1295. 43. Simonet C, Tolosa E, Camara A, Camara A, Valldeoriola F. Emergencies and critical issues in Parkinson’s disease. Pract Neurol 2020;20(1):15–25.
  • 44. Jankovic J, Tan EK. Parkinson’s disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91(8):795–808.
  • 45. Isaacson SH, Ballard CG, Kreitzman DL, Coate B, Norton JC, Fernandez HH, et al. Efficacy results of pimavanserin from a multi-center, open-label extension study in Parkinson’s disease psychosis patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021;87:25–31.
  • 46. Wood BH, Bilclough JA, Bowron A, Walker RW. Incidence and prediction of falls in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective multidisciplinary study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72(6):721–725.
  • 47. Schrag A, Choudhury M, Kaski D, Gallagher DA. Why do patients with Parkinson’s disease fall? A cross-sectional analysis of possible causes of falls. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2015;1:15011.
  • 48. Nonnekes J, Snijders AH, Nutt JG, Deuschl G, Giladi N, Bloem BR. Freezing of gait: a practical approach to management. Lancet Neurol 2015;14(7):768–778.
  • 49. Gao C, Liu J, Tan Y, Chen S. Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments. Transl Neurodegener 2020;9:12.
  • 50. Gilat M, de Lima ALS, Bloem BR, Shine JM, Nonnekes J, Lewis S. Freezing of gait: Promising avenues for future treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018;52:7-16.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Dursun Aygün 0000-0002-7079-6142

Murat Polat 0000-0001-9737-8162

Early Pub Date March 18, 2023
Publication Date March 18, 2023
Submission Date June 2, 2022
Acceptance Date July 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aygün, D., & Polat, M. (2023). Emergencies in movement disorders. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(1), 153-160.
AMA Aygün D, Polat M. Emergencies in movement disorders. J. Exp. Clin. Med. March 2023;40(1):153-160.
Chicago Aygün, Dursun, and Murat Polat. “Emergencies in Movement Disorders”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 1 (March 2023): 153-60.
EndNote Aygün D, Polat M (March 1, 2023) Emergencies in movement disorders. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 1 153–160.
IEEE D. Aygün and M. Polat, “Emergencies in movement disorders”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 153–160, 2023.
ISNAD Aygün, Dursun - Polat, Murat. “Emergencies in Movement Disorders”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/1 (March 2023), 153-160.
JAMA Aygün D, Polat M. Emergencies in movement disorders. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:153–160.
MLA Aygün, Dursun and Murat Polat. “Emergencies in Movement Disorders”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 1, 2023, pp. 153-60.
Vancouver Aygün D, Polat M. Emergencies in movement disorders. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(1):153-60.