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An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 107 - 112, 18.03.2023

Pinar Öner Müge Özgüler

Abstract

In this study, the purpose was to investigate the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases that were treated in our hospital during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was also investigated whether the patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF who tested negative for CCHF PCR were infected with COVID-19. In our study, data (epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, prognosis) from 38 patients diagnosed with CCHF through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral-RNA and/or Immunoglobulin M antibodies using ELISA between May 2020 and November 2022 were investigated retrospectively. Of all the patients, 23 were CCHF PCR (+) and 15 were CCHF PCR (-).15 (65.2%) of PCR (+) patients and 9 (60%) of PCR (-) patients were engaged in farming. 65.2% of PCR (+) and 26.7% of PCR (-) patients presented with a history of tick bites. 21 (91.3%) of PCR (+) and 12 (80%) of PCR (-) patients had a history of rural living. Among the PCR (+) patients, 65.2%, 17.4%, and 17.4% received treatment for CCHF in 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively. 87% of PCR (+) and 60% of PCR (-) patients were discharged after full recovery. The most common symptoms were fever, diffuse body ache, weakness, and headache. Significant differences were found between PCR (+) and PCR (-) patients in terms of leukocytes, LDH, INR, NEU, PLT, fibrinogen, and NLR values. 3 patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF tested negative for CCHF PCR and positive for COVID-19 PCR. Thoracic CT, clinical, and laboratory findings of these patients showed no differences from the other patients. The possibility of misdiagnosis should be considered in CCHF and COVID-19 infections due to their similar symptoms and indications. Extensive multicentric studies need to be conducted to investigate the causes of the increased number of CCHF cases during the pandemic.

Keywords

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever COVID-19 pandemic tick

References

  • 1. Gül Ö, Binay UD, Barkay O, Karakeçili F. The Importance of Differential Diagnosis During Pandemic: A Case Report with Coexistence of COVID-19, Brucellosis and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Mikrobiyol Bul 2022;56(2):365-370.
  • 2. Büyüktuna SA, Hasbek M, Öksüz C, Baysal C, Öz M, Elaldı N,et al. COVID-19 Co-infection in a patient with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Case Report. Mikrobiyol Bul 2021;55(3):445-451.
  • 3. Butt MH, Ahmad A, Misbah S, Mallhi TH, Khan YH. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and Eid-Ul-Adha: A potential threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2021;93(2):618-619.
  • 4. Ahmed A, Tahir MJ, Siddiqi AR, Dujaili J. Potential of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak during Eid-Ul-Adha Islamic festival and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. J Med Virol 2021;93:182–183.
  • 5. Türkoğlu E, Öner SZ. Turhal Devlet Hastanesi’ne kene ısırması ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 2021;78(4):477-486.
  • 6. Öztürk DB. Evaluation of nosocomial Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever patients reported from Turkey. Ortadogu Tıp Derg 2019;11(3):322-325.
  • 7. Kepenek-Kurt E, Kandemir B, Erayman İ, Bulut R, Bitirgen M. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and the role of the migrating birds. Klimik Derg 2019;32(3):292-7.
  • 8. Ozaras R, Dilek A, Sunbul M, Leblebicioglu H. Association between Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021;1-2.
  • 9. Pazarlı AC, Parlak Z, Ekiz T. COVID-19 and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Similarities and Differences. Heart Lung 2020;49(6):892-893.
  • 10. Mehmood Q, Tahir MJ, Jabbar A, Siddiqi AR, Ullah I. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Turkey amidst COVID-19 pandemic; a debacle for the healthcare system of Turkey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022;43(11):1726-1727.
  • 11. Harapan H, Ryan M, Yohan B, Abidin RS, Nainu F, Rakib A, et al. COVID-19 and dengue: double punches for dengue-endemic countries in Asia. Rev Med Virol 2021;31(2):e2161.
  • 12. Barkay O, Binay UD, Gül Ö, Karakeçili F. A significant increase in the number of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever cases in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is happening? Klimik Dergisi 2020;33:197-198.
  • 13. T.C. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Zoonotic and Vectorial Diseases. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotikvektorel-kkka-istatistik. Date of access:08.10.2022.
  • 14. Sağmak Tartar A, Akbulut A, Demirdağ K, Balin ŞÖ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Differential Diagnosis During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022;46(1):50-53.
  • 15. Günaydın NS , Aydın K, Yılmaz G, Çaylan R, Köksal İ. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: demographic, geographic, climatic, and clinical characteristics. Turk J Med Sci 2010;40:829-34.
  • 16. Kadanalı A, Erol S, Özkurt Z, Özden K. Epidemiological risk factors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. Turk J Med Sci 2009;39:829-32.
  • 17. Coleman JJ, Manavi K, Marson EJ, Botkai AH, Sapey E. COVID-19: to be or not to be; that is the diagnostic question. Postgrad Med J 2020; 96(1137): 392-8.
  • 18. Rahim F, Amin S, Noor M, Ali B, Wahab A. Dengue Fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and COVID-19 Triple Co-infection: Out of the Frying Pan Into the Fire. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29028.
  • 19. Şimşek M, Tayşi Mr, Karaman İ, Yıldırım F, Sezgi A, Şencan İ. Increased Mortality with Co-existence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and COVID-19. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2022;11:36.
  • 20. Dülger AC, Yakarişik M, Uzun YE, Şahin AM. Treatment of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever by Favipiravir in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus CoInfection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020;7(12):002042.
  • 21. Kevadiya BD, Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Oleynikov  MD, Blomberg WR, Bajwa N, et al. Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Mater 2021;20(5):593-605.
  • 22. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • 23. Zehra T, Siddique SK, Aamir R, Mahmood A, Kiani AH, Virk ST. Coronavirus Disease Clinical and Laboratory Parameters: Dismembering the Values Reveals Outcomes. Cureus 2021;13(3): e13720.
  • 24. Baran Aİ, Çelik M, Arslan Y, Menteş O, Sünnetçioğu M. Crimean - Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Evaluation of 10 cases. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2021;18(3):464-467.
  • 25. Alkan-Çeviker S, Günal Ö, Kılıç SS. Retrospective analysis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases. Klimik Derg 2019;32(3):275-280.
  • 26. Eren S. H, Zengin S, Büyüktuna S.A, Gözel M.G. Clinical severity in forecasting platelet to lymphocyte ratio in Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. J Med Microbiol 2016: 65;1100-1104.
  • 27. Inci A. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Clin Anal Med 2015;6:1-3.
  • 28. Doğan E, Girişgin AS, Ertekin B, Demirci OL. Diagnostic Value of Hemogram Parameters in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Genel Tıp Derg 2021;31(2)101-104.
  • 29. Ertürk A, Cüre E, Parlak E, Cüre M.C. Yüce S, Özkurt Z. Prognostic value of mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. JMID 2015;5:51-56.
  • 30. Turkdogan KA, Eren SH, Coskun A, Engın A, Sonmez E, Cıvelek C. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts in Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Clin Anal Med 2016;7(1): 10-3.

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 107 - 112, 18.03.2023

Pinar Öner Müge Özgüler

Abstract

Keywords

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever COVID-19 pandemic tick

References

  • 1. Gül Ö, Binay UD, Barkay O, Karakeçili F. The Importance of Differential Diagnosis During Pandemic: A Case Report with Coexistence of COVID-19, Brucellosis and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Mikrobiyol Bul 2022;56(2):365-370.
  • 2. Büyüktuna SA, Hasbek M, Öksüz C, Baysal C, Öz M, Elaldı N,et al. COVID-19 Co-infection in a patient with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Case Report. Mikrobiyol Bul 2021;55(3):445-451.
  • 3. Butt MH, Ahmad A, Misbah S, Mallhi TH, Khan YH. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and Eid-Ul-Adha: A potential threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2021;93(2):618-619.
  • 4. Ahmed A, Tahir MJ, Siddiqi AR, Dujaili J. Potential of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak during Eid-Ul-Adha Islamic festival and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. J Med Virol 2021;93:182–183.
  • 5. Türkoğlu E, Öner SZ. Turhal Devlet Hastanesi’ne kene ısırması ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 2021;78(4):477-486.
  • 6. Öztürk DB. Evaluation of nosocomial Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever patients reported from Turkey. Ortadogu Tıp Derg 2019;11(3):322-325.
  • 7. Kepenek-Kurt E, Kandemir B, Erayman İ, Bulut R, Bitirgen M. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and the role of the migrating birds. Klimik Derg 2019;32(3):292-7.
  • 8. Ozaras R, Dilek A, Sunbul M, Leblebicioglu H. Association between Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021;1-2.
  • 9. Pazarlı AC, Parlak Z, Ekiz T. COVID-19 and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Similarities and Differences. Heart Lung 2020;49(6):892-893.
  • 10. Mehmood Q, Tahir MJ, Jabbar A, Siddiqi AR, Ullah I. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Turkey amidst COVID-19 pandemic; a debacle for the healthcare system of Turkey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022;43(11):1726-1727.
  • 11. Harapan H, Ryan M, Yohan B, Abidin RS, Nainu F, Rakib A, et al. COVID-19 and dengue: double punches for dengue-endemic countries in Asia. Rev Med Virol 2021;31(2):e2161.
  • 12. Barkay O, Binay UD, Gül Ö, Karakeçili F. A significant increase in the number of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever cases in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is happening? Klimik Dergisi 2020;33:197-198.
  • 13. T.C. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Zoonotic and Vectorial Diseases. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotikvektorel-kkka-istatistik. Date of access:08.10.2022.
  • 14. Sağmak Tartar A, Akbulut A, Demirdağ K, Balin ŞÖ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Differential Diagnosis During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022;46(1):50-53.
  • 15. Günaydın NS , Aydın K, Yılmaz G, Çaylan R, Köksal İ. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: demographic, geographic, climatic, and clinical characteristics. Turk J Med Sci 2010;40:829-34.
  • 16. Kadanalı A, Erol S, Özkurt Z, Özden K. Epidemiological risk factors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. Turk J Med Sci 2009;39:829-32.
  • 17. Coleman JJ, Manavi K, Marson EJ, Botkai AH, Sapey E. COVID-19: to be or not to be; that is the diagnostic question. Postgrad Med J 2020; 96(1137): 392-8.
  • 18. Rahim F, Amin S, Noor M, Ali B, Wahab A. Dengue Fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and COVID-19 Triple Co-infection: Out of the Frying Pan Into the Fire. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29028.
  • 19. Şimşek M, Tayşi Mr, Karaman İ, Yıldırım F, Sezgi A, Şencan İ. Increased Mortality with Co-existence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and COVID-19. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2022;11:36.
  • 20. Dülger AC, Yakarişik M, Uzun YE, Şahin AM. Treatment of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever by Favipiravir in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus CoInfection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020;7(12):002042.
  • 21. Kevadiya BD, Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Oleynikov  MD, Blomberg WR, Bajwa N, et al. Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Mater 2021;20(5):593-605.
  • 22. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • 23. Zehra T, Siddique SK, Aamir R, Mahmood A, Kiani AH, Virk ST. Coronavirus Disease Clinical and Laboratory Parameters: Dismembering the Values Reveals Outcomes. Cureus 2021;13(3): e13720.
  • 24. Baran Aİ, Çelik M, Arslan Y, Menteş O, Sünnetçioğu M. Crimean - Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Evaluation of 10 cases. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2021;18(3):464-467.
  • 25. Alkan-Çeviker S, Günal Ö, Kılıç SS. Retrospective analysis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases. Klimik Derg 2019;32(3):275-280.
  • 26. Eren S. H, Zengin S, Büyüktuna S.A, Gözel M.G. Clinical severity in forecasting platelet to lymphocyte ratio in Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. J Med Microbiol 2016: 65;1100-1104.
  • 27. Inci A. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Clin Anal Med 2015;6:1-3.
  • 28. Doğan E, Girişgin AS, Ertekin B, Demirci OL. Diagnostic Value of Hemogram Parameters in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Genel Tıp Derg 2021;31(2)101-104.
  • 29. Ertürk A, Cüre E, Parlak E, Cüre M.C. Yüce S, Özkurt Z. Prognostic value of mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. JMID 2015;5:51-56.
  • 30. Turkdogan KA, Eren SH, Coskun A, Engın A, Sonmez E, Cıvelek C. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts in Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Clin Anal Med 2016;7(1): 10-3.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pinar Öner 0000-0001-9592-5986

Müge Özgüler 0000-0002-2689-7931

Early Pub Date March 18, 2023
Publication Date March 18, 2023
Submission Date January 14, 2023
Acceptance Date February 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öner, P., & Özgüler, M. (2023). An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(1), 107-112.
AMA Öner P, Özgüler M. An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. March 2023;40(1):107-112.
Chicago Öner, Pinar, and Müge Özgüler. “An Evaluation of the Laboratory and Clinical Data of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 1 (March 2023): 107-12.
EndNote Öner P, Özgüler M (March 1, 2023) An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 1 107–112.
IEEE P. Öner and M. Özgüler, “An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 107–112, 2023.
ISNAD Öner, Pinar - Özgüler, Müge. “An Evaluation of the Laboratory and Clinical Data of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/1 (March 2023), 107-112.
JAMA Öner P, Özgüler M. An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:107–112.
MLA Öner, Pinar and Müge Özgüler. “An Evaluation of the Laboratory and Clinical Data of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 1, 2023, pp. 107-12.
Vancouver Öner P, Özgüler M. An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(1):107-12.
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