Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 348 - 355, 19.07.2023

Özlem Çınar Özdemir Betül Yıldırım Kübra Özonay

Abstract

Keywords

COVID-19; Sexual dysfunction; Depression; Anxiety Sexual dysfunction Depression Anxiety

References

  • 1. Mumm JN, Osterman A, Ruzicka M, Stihl C, Vilsmaier T, Munker D, et al. Urinary frequency as a possibly overlooked symptom in COVID-19 patients: does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral cystitis?. Eur Urol. 2020; 78(4): 624-628.
  • 2. Chams N, Chams S, Badran R, Shams A, Araji A, Raad M, et al. COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review. Front Public Health. 2020; 8: 383.
  • 3. Daher A, Balfanz P, Cornelissen C, Müller A, Bergs I, Marx N, et al. Follow up of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae. Respir Med. 2020; 174: 106197.
  • 4. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020; 25(3): 278-280.
  • 5. World Health Organization. WHO timeline - COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/08-04-2020-whotimeline---covid-19
  • 6. Pourfridoni M, Pajokh M, Seyedi F. Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(5): 2609-2610.
  • 7. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13): 1239-1242.
  • 8. World Health Organization. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 June 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/ modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipcprecaution-recommendations
  • 9. Benezech A, Desmazes-Dufeu N, Baumstarck K, Bouvier M, Coltey B, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Vitton V. Prevalence of fecal incontinence in adults with cystic fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018; 63(4): 982-988.
  • 10. Li Z, Xu T, Li Z, Gong J, Liu Q, Zhu L. An epidemiologic study of pelvic organ prolapse in rural Chinese women: a population-based sample in China. Int Urogynecol J. 2019; 30(11): 1925-1932.
  • 11. Siracusa C, Gray A. Pelvic floor considerations in COVID-19. J Womens Health Phys Therap. 2020; 44(4): 144-151.
  • 12. Maggi S, Minicuci N, Langlois J, Pavan M, Enzi G, Crepaldi G. Prevalence rate of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling elderly individuals: the Veneto study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56(1): M14-M18.
  • 13. Howard F, Steggall M. Urinary incontinence in women: quality of life and help-seeking. Br J Nurs. 2010; 19(12): 742-749.
  • 14. Kang Y, Phillips LR, Kim SS. Incontinence quality of life among Korean-American women. Urol Nurs. 2010; 30(2): 130-129.
  • 15. Kwong PW, Cumming RG, Chan L, Seibel MJ, Naganathan V, Creasey H, et al. Urinary incontinence and quality of life among older community-dwelling Australian men: the CHAMP study. Age Ageing. 2010; 39(3): 349-354.
  • 16. Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3(1): 1-20.
  • 17. de Oliveira L, Carvalho J. Women's sexual health during the pandemic of COVID-19: declines in sexual function and sexual pleasure. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2021; 13(3): 76-88.
  • 18. Karsiyakali N, Sahin Y, Ates HA, Okucu E, Karabay E. Evaluation of the sexual functioning of individuals living in turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: an internet-based nationwide survey study. Sex Med. 2021; 9(1): 100279.
  • 19. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022; 20(3): 1537-1545.
  • 20. Artan T, Meydan S, Irmak, HS. Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale: validity and reliability study. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2021; 8(2): 117-123.
  • 21. Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum C, Meston R, Shabsigh D, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000; 26(2): 191-208.
  • 22. Aygin D, Eti Aslan F. Kadın cinsel işlev ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2005; 25(3): 393-399.
  • 23. Derogatis LR, Rosen R, Leiblum S, Burnett A, Heiman J. The female sexual distress scale (FSDS): initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Marital Ther. 2002; 28(4): 317-330.
  • 24. Aydın S, Onaran ÖI, Topalan K, Aydın ÇA, Dansuk R. Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med. 2016; 4(1): e43-e50.
  • 25. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009; 50(6): 613-621.
  • 26. Demirci İ, Ekşi H. Don't bother your pretty little head otherwise you can't enjoy life. ERPA International Congresses on Education 2018. 2018; 287-292. [cited 2022 October 8] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Demirci 3/publication/327164252_Don%27t_Bother_Your_Pretty_Little_Head_Otherwise_You_can%27t_Enjoy_Life/links/5b7dfa18299bf1d5a71e4453/Dont-Bother-Your-Pretty-Little-Head-Otherwise-You-cant-Enjoy-Life.pdf
  • 27. Peterson TV, Karp DR, Aguilar VC, Davila GW. Validation of a global pelvic floor symptom bother questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J. 2010; 21(9): 1129-1135.
  • 28. Doğan H, Özengin N, Bakar Y, Duran B. Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Global Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J. 2016; 27(10): 1577-1581.
  • 29. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. AnesthAnalg. 2018; 126(5): 1763-1768.
  • 30. Pourfridoni M, Pajokh M, Seyedi F. Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(5): 2609-2610.
  • 31. Novara G, Checcucci E, Crestani A, Abrate A, Esperto F, Pavan N, et al. Telehealth in urology: a systematic review of the literature. How much can telemedicine be useful during and after the COVID-19 pandemic?. Eur Urol. 2020; 78(6): 786-811.
  • 32. Öz Ö, Altay B. Üriner inkontinans risk faktörleri ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Ann Health Sci Res. 2017; 6(1): 34-37.
  • 33. Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, et al. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2021; 301:113863.
  • 34. Sediri S, Zgueb Y, Ouanes S, Ouali U, Bourgou S, Jomli R, et al. Women's mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020; 23(6): 749-756.
  • 35. Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021; 41(8): 1257-1261.
  • 36. Franchina V, Bonfanti RC, Lo Coco G, Salerno L. The role of existential concerns in the individual's decisions regarding COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a survey among non-vaccinated Italian adults during the third wave of the pandemic. Vaccines (Basel). 2022; 10(7): 1079.
  • 37. Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jiménez MG, González-González CS, Muñoz-Violant S, Rodríguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, et al. Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(24): 9419.
  • 38. Modena CF, Kogien M, Marcon SR, Demenech LM, Nascimento FCDS, Carrijo MVN. Factors associated with the perception of fear of COVID-19 in university students. Rev Bras Enferm. 2022; 75 (Suppl 1): e20210448.
  • 39. Bhambhvani HP, Chen T, Kasman AM, Wilson-King G, Enemchukwu E, Eisenberg ML. Female sexual function during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Sex Med. 2021; 9(4): 100355.
  • 40. Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I, Rigolon A, McAnirlin O, Mullenbach L, et al. Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS one. 2021; 16(1): e0245327.
  • 41. Minaei Moghadam S, Namdar P, Mafi M, Yekefallah L. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 disease and sexual function of Iranian married men and women living in Qazvin. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2022; 21(1): 33-48.
  • 42. Milner M, Gamble M, Barry-Kinsella C. Covid-19, pelvic health, and women's voices: a descriptive study. Continence (Amst). 2022; 1: 100012.
  • 43. Carlin GL, Kimberger O, Morgenbesser R, Umek W, Kölbl H, Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B. Female pelvic floor dysfunction continues to negatively impact quality-of-life during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(5): 1075.
  • 44. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM. 2020; 113(5): 311-312.
  • 45. Luetke M, Hensel D, Herbenick D, Rosenberg M. Romantic Relationship Conflict Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of American adults. J Sex Marital Ther. 2020; 46(8): 747-762.
  • 46. Mollaioli D, Sansone A, Ciocca G, Limoncin E, Colonnello E, Di Lorenzo G, Jannini EA. Benefits of sexual activity on psychological, relational, and sexual health during the COVID-19 breakout. J Sex Med. 2021; 18(1): 35-49.
  • 47. Carosa E, Benvenga S, Trimarchi F, Lenzi A, Pepe M, Simonelli C, Jannini EA. Sexual inactivity results in reversible reduction of LH bioavailability. Int J Impot Res. 2002; 14(2): 93-99.

Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 348 - 355, 19.07.2023

Özlem Çınar Özdemir Betül Yıldırım Kübra Özonay

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in women who have undergone COVID-19. Seventy-five volunteer women who have experienced COVID-19 were included in this study. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a demographic information form. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-Revised), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and the Global Pelvic Symptom Bother Questionnaire (GPFBQ) were used for assessments. Significant, positive correlations were found between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale scores with the FSFI and GPFBQ scores (p=0.015, p=0.005), and significant, positive, and moderate correlations were found between the FSDS-Revised scores with PHQ-4-Anxiety and Depression, PHQ-4-Total, and GPFBQ scores (p<0.001, p=0.002). The findings of this study demonstrate a correlation between the fear of COVID-19 and sexual function, as well as pelvic floor dysfunction in women who have undergone COVID-19. Moreover, a connection was identified between sexual function and sexual distress, anxiety, and depression, as well as between pelvic floor dysfunctions and anxiety and depression in women affected by COVID-19. Consequently, it is suggested that pelvic floor and sexual functions, along with psycho-social states, may be adversely impacted in women infected with COVID-19.

Keywords

COVID-19 Sexual dysfunction Depression Anxiety

References

  • 1. Mumm JN, Osterman A, Ruzicka M, Stihl C, Vilsmaier T, Munker D, et al. Urinary frequency as a possibly overlooked symptom in COVID-19 patients: does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral cystitis?. Eur Urol. 2020; 78(4): 624-628.
  • 2. Chams N, Chams S, Badran R, Shams A, Araji A, Raad M, et al. COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review. Front Public Health. 2020; 8: 383.
  • 3. Daher A, Balfanz P, Cornelissen C, Müller A, Bergs I, Marx N, et al. Follow up of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae. Respir Med. 2020; 174: 106197.
  • 4. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020; 25(3): 278-280.
  • 5. World Health Organization. WHO timeline - COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/08-04-2020-whotimeline---covid-19
  • 6. Pourfridoni M, Pajokh M, Seyedi F. Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(5): 2609-2610.
  • 7. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13): 1239-1242.
  • 8. World Health Organization. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 June 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/ modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipcprecaution-recommendations
  • 9. Benezech A, Desmazes-Dufeu N, Baumstarck K, Bouvier M, Coltey B, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Vitton V. Prevalence of fecal incontinence in adults with cystic fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018; 63(4): 982-988.
  • 10. Li Z, Xu T, Li Z, Gong J, Liu Q, Zhu L. An epidemiologic study of pelvic organ prolapse in rural Chinese women: a population-based sample in China. Int Urogynecol J. 2019; 30(11): 1925-1932.
  • 11. Siracusa C, Gray A. Pelvic floor considerations in COVID-19. J Womens Health Phys Therap. 2020; 44(4): 144-151.
  • 12. Maggi S, Minicuci N, Langlois J, Pavan M, Enzi G, Crepaldi G. Prevalence rate of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling elderly individuals: the Veneto study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56(1): M14-M18.
  • 13. Howard F, Steggall M. Urinary incontinence in women: quality of life and help-seeking. Br J Nurs. 2010; 19(12): 742-749.
  • 14. Kang Y, Phillips LR, Kim SS. Incontinence quality of life among Korean-American women. Urol Nurs. 2010; 30(2): 130-129.
  • 15. Kwong PW, Cumming RG, Chan L, Seibel MJ, Naganathan V, Creasey H, et al. Urinary incontinence and quality of life among older community-dwelling Australian men: the CHAMP study. Age Ageing. 2010; 39(3): 349-354.
  • 16. Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3(1): 1-20.
  • 17. de Oliveira L, Carvalho J. Women's sexual health during the pandemic of COVID-19: declines in sexual function and sexual pleasure. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2021; 13(3): 76-88.
  • 18. Karsiyakali N, Sahin Y, Ates HA, Okucu E, Karabay E. Evaluation of the sexual functioning of individuals living in turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: an internet-based nationwide survey study. Sex Med. 2021; 9(1): 100279.
  • 19. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022; 20(3): 1537-1545.
  • 20. Artan T, Meydan S, Irmak, HS. Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale: validity and reliability study. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2021; 8(2): 117-123.
  • 21. Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum C, Meston R, Shabsigh D, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000; 26(2): 191-208.
  • 22. Aygin D, Eti Aslan F. Kadın cinsel işlev ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2005; 25(3): 393-399.
  • 23. Derogatis LR, Rosen R, Leiblum S, Burnett A, Heiman J. The female sexual distress scale (FSDS): initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Marital Ther. 2002; 28(4): 317-330.
  • 24. Aydın S, Onaran ÖI, Topalan K, Aydın ÇA, Dansuk R. Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med. 2016; 4(1): e43-e50.
  • 25. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009; 50(6): 613-621.
  • 26. Demirci İ, Ekşi H. Don't bother your pretty little head otherwise you can't enjoy life. ERPA International Congresses on Education 2018. 2018; 287-292. [cited 2022 October 8] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Demirci 3/publication/327164252_Don%27t_Bother_Your_Pretty_Little_Head_Otherwise_You_can%27t_Enjoy_Life/links/5b7dfa18299bf1d5a71e4453/Dont-Bother-Your-Pretty-Little-Head-Otherwise-You-cant-Enjoy-Life.pdf
  • 27. Peterson TV, Karp DR, Aguilar VC, Davila GW. Validation of a global pelvic floor symptom bother questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J. 2010; 21(9): 1129-1135.
  • 28. Doğan H, Özengin N, Bakar Y, Duran B. Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Global Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J. 2016; 27(10): 1577-1581.
  • 29. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. AnesthAnalg. 2018; 126(5): 1763-1768.
  • 30. Pourfridoni M, Pajokh M, Seyedi F. Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(5): 2609-2610.
  • 31. Novara G, Checcucci E, Crestani A, Abrate A, Esperto F, Pavan N, et al. Telehealth in urology: a systematic review of the literature. How much can telemedicine be useful during and after the COVID-19 pandemic?. Eur Urol. 2020; 78(6): 786-811.
  • 32. Öz Ö, Altay B. Üriner inkontinans risk faktörleri ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Ann Health Sci Res. 2017; 6(1): 34-37.
  • 33. Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, et al. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2021; 301:113863.
  • 34. Sediri S, Zgueb Y, Ouanes S, Ouali U, Bourgou S, Jomli R, et al. Women's mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020; 23(6): 749-756.
  • 35. Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021; 41(8): 1257-1261.
  • 36. Franchina V, Bonfanti RC, Lo Coco G, Salerno L. The role of existential concerns in the individual's decisions regarding COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a survey among non-vaccinated Italian adults during the third wave of the pandemic. Vaccines (Basel). 2022; 10(7): 1079.
  • 37. Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jiménez MG, González-González CS, Muñoz-Violant S, Rodríguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, et al. Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(24): 9419.
  • 38. Modena CF, Kogien M, Marcon SR, Demenech LM, Nascimento FCDS, Carrijo MVN. Factors associated with the perception of fear of COVID-19 in university students. Rev Bras Enferm. 2022; 75 (Suppl 1): e20210448.
  • 39. Bhambhvani HP, Chen T, Kasman AM, Wilson-King G, Enemchukwu E, Eisenberg ML. Female sexual function during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Sex Med. 2021; 9(4): 100355.
  • 40. Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I, Rigolon A, McAnirlin O, Mullenbach L, et al. Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS one. 2021; 16(1): e0245327.
  • 41. Minaei Moghadam S, Namdar P, Mafi M, Yekefallah L. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 disease and sexual function of Iranian married men and women living in Qazvin. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2022; 21(1): 33-48.
  • 42. Milner M, Gamble M, Barry-Kinsella C. Covid-19, pelvic health, and women's voices: a descriptive study. Continence (Amst). 2022; 1: 100012.
  • 43. Carlin GL, Kimberger O, Morgenbesser R, Umek W, Kölbl H, Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B. Female pelvic floor dysfunction continues to negatively impact quality-of-life during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(5): 1075.
  • 44. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM. 2020; 113(5): 311-312.
  • 45. Luetke M, Hensel D, Herbenick D, Rosenberg M. Romantic Relationship Conflict Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of American adults. J Sex Marital Ther. 2020; 46(8): 747-762.
  • 46. Mollaioli D, Sansone A, Ciocca G, Limoncin E, Colonnello E, Di Lorenzo G, Jannini EA. Benefits of sexual activity on psychological, relational, and sexual health during the COVID-19 breakout. J Sex Med. 2021; 18(1): 35-49.
  • 47. Carosa E, Benvenga S, Trimarchi F, Lenzi A, Pepe M, Simonelli C, Jannini EA. Sexual inactivity results in reversible reduction of LH bioavailability. Int J Impot Res. 2002; 14(2): 93-99.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Çınar Özdemir 0000-0002-9205-5652

Betül Yıldırım 0000-0001-8077-3553

Kübra Özonay 0000-0002-5485-1930

Early Pub Date August 1, 2023
Publication Date July 19, 2023
Submission Date February 7, 2023
Acceptance Date May 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çınar Özdemir, Ö., Yıldırım, B., & Özonay, K. (2023). Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(2), 348-355.
AMA Çınar Özdemir Ö, Yıldırım B, Özonay K. Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. July 2023;40(2):348-355.
Chicago Çınar Özdemir, Özlem, Betül Yıldırım, and Kübra Özonay. “Examining the Correlation Between Fear of COVID-19, Sexual Functions, Depression, and Anxiety in the Women Who Underwent COVID-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 2 (July 2023): 348-55.
EndNote Çınar Özdemir Ö, Yıldırım B, Özonay K (July 1, 2023) Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 2 348–355.
IEEE Ö. Çınar Özdemir, B. Yıldırım, and K. Özonay, “Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 348–355, 2023.
ISNAD Çınar Özdemir, Özlem et al. “Examining the Correlation Between Fear of COVID-19, Sexual Functions, Depression, and Anxiety in the Women Who Underwent COVID-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/2 (July 2023), 348-355.
JAMA Çınar Özdemir Ö, Yıldırım B, Özonay K. Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:348–355.
MLA Çınar Özdemir, Özlem et al. “Examining the Correlation Between Fear of COVID-19, Sexual Functions, Depression, and Anxiety in the Women Who Underwent COVID-19”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2023, pp. 348-55.
Vancouver Çınar Özdemir Ö, Yıldırım B, Özonay K. Examining the correlation between fear of COVID-19, sexual functions, depression, and anxiety in the women who underwent COVID-19. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(2):348-55.
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