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Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önlemede Okul Temelli Cinsel İstismarı Önleme Programlarının Önemi

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 411 - 421, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.885476

Abstract

Çocukların sağlığını tüm boyutlarıyla olumsuz yönde etkileyen cinsel istismar, acil önleme stratejilerinin uygulanmasını gerektiren global bir sorundur. Bu derlemenin amacı çocuk cinsel istismarını önlemede okul öncesi dönemden itibaren uygulanmaya başlanması gereken okul temelli çocuk cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının önemini ortaya koymaktır. Okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programları, çocuklara cinsel istismar hakkında bilgi verme, potansiyel istismar olaylarından kaçınma ve kişisel güvenlik becerileri kazandırmaya odaklanır. Literatürde cinsel istismarın önlenmesinde okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının çocukların cinsel istismar ile ilgili kavramları ve kendini koruma becerileri konusundaki bilgilerini artırmadaki etkinliği kanıtlanmıştır. Ülkemizde uygulanmamasına karşın gelişmiş ülkelerde erken çocukluk döneminden başlayarak okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programları uygulanmakta ve çocukların cinsel istismara karşı uyanık, bilinçli ve donanımlı olmaları hedeflenmektedir. Bu programlar çoğunlukla Amerika, Kanada, İngiltere, İrlanda ve Avustralya’da deneysel çalışmalar ile değerlendirilmektedir. Son zamanlarda okul temelli programlar; Kore, Tayvan ve Çin’de değerlendirilmiştir. Okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının ortak temaları; bedeni tanıma, uygun ve uygun olmayan dokunmayı tanıma, iyi ve kötü sırlar arasındaki farkı öğrenme, sır saklamama, riskli durumlarda “hayır” diyebilme, ortamdan ayrılabilme ve olayı güven duyduğu birine anlatmadır. Çocuk istismarının önlenmesinde okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının etkinliği kanıtlanmasına rağmen Ülkemizde kullanılmadığı, bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların yetersiz olduğu ve hemşirelerin konuya ilişkin yapacakları araştırmaların sayısının ve niteliğinin artmasının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.

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Thanks

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References

  • [1] Lynas J, Hawkins R. Fidelity in school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs: A systematic review. Child Abuse Neglect. 2017;72:10-21.
  • [2]Child Maltreatment World Health Organization 2017 [Available from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/child/Child_maltreatment_infographic_EN.pdf.
  • [3]Türkiye’deki Risk Altındaki Çocuklar Raporu 2019 [Available from: https://www.tocev.org.tr/Uploads/Documents/TOCEV%20Rapor%5B2%5D.pdf?fp=2608929755.
  • [4]Güven ŞT, Dalgiç Aİ, Erkol Z. Emotional and psychosocial problems encountered by children who have been sexually abused. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2017;56(2):37-43.
  • [5]Hunt R, Walsh K. Parents' views about child sexual abuse prevention education: A systematic review. Aust J Early Child. 2011;36(2):63-76.
  • [6]Sarı HY, Ardahan E, Öztornacı BÖ. Çocuk ihmal ve istismarına ilişkin son 10 yılda yapılan sistematik derlemeler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2016;15(6):501-11.
  • [7]Levine JA, Dandamudi K. Prevention of child sexual abuse by targeting pre-offenders before first offense. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2016;25(7):719-37.
  • [8]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Preventing childhood sexual abuse: An ecological approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(4):361-7.
  • [9]Wurtele SK. Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2009;18(1):1-18.
  • [10]Özdemir AA, Ramazan O. Oyuncağa çocuk, anne ve öğretmen bakış açısı. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2012;2(1):1-16.
  • [11]Wurtele SK, Kenny MC. Normative sexuality development in childhood: Implications for developmental guidance and prevention of childhood sexual abuse. Counseling and Human Development. 2011;43(9):1-24.
  • [12]Al-Rasheed M. Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs for Kindergartners: A Survey of Public Actions, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Kuwait. Child Adolesc Soc Wo. 2017;34(4):361-8.
  • [13]Citak Tunc G, Gorak G, Ozyazicioglu N, Ak B, Isil O, Vural P. Preventing child sexual abuse: Body safety training for young children in Turkey. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2018;27(4):347-64.
  • [14]Wurtele SK. Behavioral approaches to educating young children and their parents about child sexual abuse prevention. The Journal of Behavior Analysis of Offender and Victim Treatment and Prevention. 2008;1(1):52.
  • [15]Zhang WJ, Chen JQ, Feng YN, Li JY, Liu CF, Zhao XX. Evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention education for Chinese preschoolers. Res Social Work Prac. 2014;24(4):428-36.
  • [16]Kenny MC. Child sexual abuse education with ethnically diverse families: A preliminary analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2010;32(7):981-9.
  • [17]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Toward prevention of childhood sexual abuse: Preschoolers’ knowledge of genital body parts. American Journal of Sexuality Education. 2013;3:345-54.
  • [18]Rudolph J, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Shanley DC, Hawkins R. Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities: Parenting, programs, and the reduction of risk. Child maltreatment. 2018;23(1):96-106.
  • [19]Brassard MR, Fiorvanti CM. School‐based child abuse prevention programs. Psychology in the Schools. 2015;52(1):40-60.
  • [20]Plummer CA. The history of child sexual abuse prevention: A practitioner's perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 1999;7(4):77-95.
  • [21]Tutty L, Bradshaw C, Thurston W, Barlow A, Marshall P, Tunstall L, et al. School based violence prevention programs: Preventing violence against children and youth 2005 [Available from: https://www.academia.edu/1597984/School_based_violence_prevention_programs_Preventing_violence_against_children_and_Youth_Revised_Ed_.
  • [22]Zeuthen K, Hagelskjær M. Prevention of child sexual abuse: Analysis and discussion of the field. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2013;22(6):742-60.
  • [23]Wurtele SK, Saslawsky DA, Miller CL, Marrs SR, Britcher JC. Teaching personal safety skills for potential prevention of sexual abuse: A comparison of treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(5):688.
  • [24]Brown DM. Evaluation of safer, smarter kids: child sexual abuse prevention curriculum for kindergartners. Child and adolescent social work journal. 2017;34(3):213-22.
  • [25]Dunn M. The learning of sexual abuse prevention concepts and the reliability of the CKAQ-RIII in the South African Context. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk. 2011;47(2).
  • [26]Weatherley R, Hajar AS, Noralina O, John M, Preusser N, Yong M. Evaluation of a school-based sexual abuse prevention curriculum in Malaysia. Children and Youth Services Review. 2012;34(1):119-25.
  • [27]Kim S-J, Kang K-A. Effects of the child sexual abuse prevention education (C-SAPE) program on south korean fifth-grade students’ competence in terms of knowledge and self-protective behaviors. The Journal of School Nursing. 2017;33(2):123-32.
  • [28]Chen Y, Fortson BL, Tseng K-W. Pilot evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention program for Taiwanese children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(6):621-45.
  • [29]Bustamante G, Andrade MS, Mikesell C, Cullen C, Endara P, Burneo V, et al. “I have the right to feel safe”: Evaluation of a school-based child sexual abuse prevention program in Ecuador. Child abuse & neglect. 2019;91:31-40.
  • [30]Hawkins R. Protecting children from sexual abuse. InPsych. 2013;35:16-7.
  • [31]Walsh K, Zwi K, Woolfenden S, Shlonsky A. School-based education programs for the prevention of child sexual abuse: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on social work practice. 2018;28(1):33-55.
  • [32]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Preschoolers’ knowledge of genital terminology: A comparison of English and Spanish speakers. American Journal of Sexuality Education. 2008;3(4):345-54.
  • [33]Kenny MC, Capri V, Ryan EE, Runyon MK. Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self‐protection. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. 2008;17(1):36-54.
  • [34]Zwi KJ, Woolfenden SR, Wheeler DM, O'Brien T A, Tait P, Williams KW. School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(3):Cd004380.
  • [35]Kenny M, Wurtele SK, Alonso L. Evaluation of a personal safety program with Latino preschoolers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(4):368-85.
  • [36]Xie QW, Qiao DP, Wang XL. Parent-involved prevention of child sexual abuse: A qualitative exploration of parents' perceptions and practices in Beijing. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2016;25(3):999-1010.
  • [37]Zhang W, Chen J, Feng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Luo X. Young children's knowledge and skills related to sexual abuse prevention: A pilot study in Beijing, China. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(9):623-30.
  • [38]Wurtele SK, Kenny MC. Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. 2010;19(2):130-52.
  • [39]Finkelhor D. The prevention of childhood sexual abuse. The future of children. 2009:169-94.
  • [40]Erdoğan Y, Aslan D. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik algıları. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;16(1):104-32.
  • [41]Koçtürk N. Çocuk ihmalini ve istismarını önlemede okul çalışanlarının sorumlulukları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;5(1):38-47.
  • [42]Pitts C. Child sexual abuse prevention programs for pre-schoolers: A synthesis of current evidence: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse Sydney; 2015.
  • [43]Aksel EŞ, Irmak TY. Çocuk cinsel istismarı konusunda öğretmenlerin bilgi ve deneyimleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2015;16(2):373-91.
  • [44]Kardeş S, Karaman NG. Okul Öncesi Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Çocuğun Cinsel Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;18(3):1554-70.
  • [45]Bakır E, Kapucu S. Çocuk ihmali ve istismarının Türkiye’de yapılan araştırmalara yansıması: Bir literatür incelemesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;4(2):13-24.
  • [46]Polat O. Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk İstismarı: Tanımlar. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2007.
  • [47]Kaya H, Çoban B, Killiklioğlu E, Özden N, Özgen G. Çocukta cinsel istismar ve hemşirenin rolü. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2005;13(55):57-62.
  • [48]Yılmaz B, Çalışkan D. Bir hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin çocuk ihmal ve istismarına yönelik bilgi ve yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu. 2015;4(2):1-15.
  • [49]Koyun A, Taşkın L, Terzioğlu F. Yaşam dönemlerine göre kadın sağlığı ve ruhsal işlevler: Hemşirelik yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2011;3(1):67-99.
  • [50]Murray LK, Nguyen A, Cohen JA. Child sexual abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2014;23(2):321-37.
  • [51]Smallbone S, Marshall WL, Wortley R. Preventing child sexual abuse: Evidence, policy and practice: Routledge; 2013.
  • [52]Fryda CM, Hulme PA. School-based childhood sexual abuse prevention programs: An integrative review. The Journal of School Nursing. 2015;31(3):167-82.
  • [53]Kenny MC. Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groups for preschoolers and their parents. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work. 2009;34(1):24-42.
  • [54]Davis MK, Gidycz CA. Child sexual abuse prevention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of clinical child psychology. 2000;29(2):257-65.
  • [55]Manheim M, Felicetti R, Moloney G. Child sexual abuse victimization prevention programs in preschool and kindergarten: implications for practice. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2019;28(6):745-57.

The Importance of School-Based Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs in Preventing Child Sexual Abuse

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 411 - 421, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.885476

Abstract

Sexual abuse, which negatively affects children's health in all dimensions, is a global problem that requires urgent prevention strategies. The purpose of this review is to reveal the importance of school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs, which should be implemented as of preschool age in preventing child sexual abuse. School-based sexual abuse prevention programs focus on providing children with information about sexual abuse, avoiding potential abuse and providing personal safety skills. In the literature, the effectiveness of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs in preventing sexual abuse has been proven in increasing children's knowledge about the concepts of sexual abuse and self-protection skills. Although not implemented in our country, school-based sexual abuse prevention programs are implemented in developed countries starting from early childhood, and children are aimed to be alert, conscious and equipped against sexual abuse. These programs are mostly evaluated with experimental studies in the USA, Canada, England, Ireland and Australia. Recently, school-based programs; It has been evaluated in Korea, Taiwan and China. Common themes of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs; Knowing the body, recognizing appropriate and inappropriate touch, learning the difference between good and bad secrets, not keeping secrets, being able to say "no" in risky situations, leaving the environment and telling the event to someone you trust. Although the effectiveness of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs in the prevention of child abuse has been proven, it was pointed out that they are not used in our country, the researches in this field are insufficient, and the importance of increasing the number and quality of research that nurses will do on the subject.

Project Number

-

References

  • [1] Lynas J, Hawkins R. Fidelity in school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs: A systematic review. Child Abuse Neglect. 2017;72:10-21.
  • [2]Child Maltreatment World Health Organization 2017 [Available from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/child/Child_maltreatment_infographic_EN.pdf.
  • [3]Türkiye’deki Risk Altındaki Çocuklar Raporu 2019 [Available from: https://www.tocev.org.tr/Uploads/Documents/TOCEV%20Rapor%5B2%5D.pdf?fp=2608929755.
  • [4]Güven ŞT, Dalgiç Aİ, Erkol Z. Emotional and psychosocial problems encountered by children who have been sexually abused. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2017;56(2):37-43.
  • [5]Hunt R, Walsh K. Parents' views about child sexual abuse prevention education: A systematic review. Aust J Early Child. 2011;36(2):63-76.
  • [6]Sarı HY, Ardahan E, Öztornacı BÖ. Çocuk ihmal ve istismarına ilişkin son 10 yılda yapılan sistematik derlemeler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2016;15(6):501-11.
  • [7]Levine JA, Dandamudi K. Prevention of child sexual abuse by targeting pre-offenders before first offense. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2016;25(7):719-37.
  • [8]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Preventing childhood sexual abuse: An ecological approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(4):361-7.
  • [9]Wurtele SK. Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2009;18(1):1-18.
  • [10]Özdemir AA, Ramazan O. Oyuncağa çocuk, anne ve öğretmen bakış açısı. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2012;2(1):1-16.
  • [11]Wurtele SK, Kenny MC. Normative sexuality development in childhood: Implications for developmental guidance and prevention of childhood sexual abuse. Counseling and Human Development. 2011;43(9):1-24.
  • [12]Al-Rasheed M. Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs for Kindergartners: A Survey of Public Actions, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Kuwait. Child Adolesc Soc Wo. 2017;34(4):361-8.
  • [13]Citak Tunc G, Gorak G, Ozyazicioglu N, Ak B, Isil O, Vural P. Preventing child sexual abuse: Body safety training for young children in Turkey. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2018;27(4):347-64.
  • [14]Wurtele SK. Behavioral approaches to educating young children and their parents about child sexual abuse prevention. The Journal of Behavior Analysis of Offender and Victim Treatment and Prevention. 2008;1(1):52.
  • [15]Zhang WJ, Chen JQ, Feng YN, Li JY, Liu CF, Zhao XX. Evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention education for Chinese preschoolers. Res Social Work Prac. 2014;24(4):428-36.
  • [16]Kenny MC. Child sexual abuse education with ethnically diverse families: A preliminary analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2010;32(7):981-9.
  • [17]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Toward prevention of childhood sexual abuse: Preschoolers’ knowledge of genital body parts. American Journal of Sexuality Education. 2013;3:345-54.
  • [18]Rudolph J, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Shanley DC, Hawkins R. Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities: Parenting, programs, and the reduction of risk. Child maltreatment. 2018;23(1):96-106.
  • [19]Brassard MR, Fiorvanti CM. School‐based child abuse prevention programs. Psychology in the Schools. 2015;52(1):40-60.
  • [20]Plummer CA. The history of child sexual abuse prevention: A practitioner's perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 1999;7(4):77-95.
  • [21]Tutty L, Bradshaw C, Thurston W, Barlow A, Marshall P, Tunstall L, et al. School based violence prevention programs: Preventing violence against children and youth 2005 [Available from: https://www.academia.edu/1597984/School_based_violence_prevention_programs_Preventing_violence_against_children_and_Youth_Revised_Ed_.
  • [22]Zeuthen K, Hagelskjær M. Prevention of child sexual abuse: Analysis and discussion of the field. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2013;22(6):742-60.
  • [23]Wurtele SK, Saslawsky DA, Miller CL, Marrs SR, Britcher JC. Teaching personal safety skills for potential prevention of sexual abuse: A comparison of treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(5):688.
  • [24]Brown DM. Evaluation of safer, smarter kids: child sexual abuse prevention curriculum for kindergartners. Child and adolescent social work journal. 2017;34(3):213-22.
  • [25]Dunn M. The learning of sexual abuse prevention concepts and the reliability of the CKAQ-RIII in the South African Context. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk. 2011;47(2).
  • [26]Weatherley R, Hajar AS, Noralina O, John M, Preusser N, Yong M. Evaluation of a school-based sexual abuse prevention curriculum in Malaysia. Children and Youth Services Review. 2012;34(1):119-25.
  • [27]Kim S-J, Kang K-A. Effects of the child sexual abuse prevention education (C-SAPE) program on south korean fifth-grade students’ competence in terms of knowledge and self-protective behaviors. The Journal of School Nursing. 2017;33(2):123-32.
  • [28]Chen Y, Fortson BL, Tseng K-W. Pilot evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention program for Taiwanese children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(6):621-45.
  • [29]Bustamante G, Andrade MS, Mikesell C, Cullen C, Endara P, Burneo V, et al. “I have the right to feel safe”: Evaluation of a school-based child sexual abuse prevention program in Ecuador. Child abuse & neglect. 2019;91:31-40.
  • [30]Hawkins R. Protecting children from sexual abuse. InPsych. 2013;35:16-7.
  • [31]Walsh K, Zwi K, Woolfenden S, Shlonsky A. School-based education programs for the prevention of child sexual abuse: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on social work practice. 2018;28(1):33-55.
  • [32]Kenny MC, Wurtele SK. Preschoolers’ knowledge of genital terminology: A comparison of English and Spanish speakers. American Journal of Sexuality Education. 2008;3(4):345-54.
  • [33]Kenny MC, Capri V, Ryan EE, Runyon MK. Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self‐protection. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. 2008;17(1):36-54.
  • [34]Zwi KJ, Woolfenden SR, Wheeler DM, O'Brien T A, Tait P, Williams KW. School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(3):Cd004380.
  • [35]Kenny M, Wurtele SK, Alonso L. Evaluation of a personal safety program with Latino preschoolers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2012;21(4):368-85.
  • [36]Xie QW, Qiao DP, Wang XL. Parent-involved prevention of child sexual abuse: A qualitative exploration of parents' perceptions and practices in Beijing. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2016;25(3):999-1010.
  • [37]Zhang W, Chen J, Feng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Luo X. Young children's knowledge and skills related to sexual abuse prevention: A pilot study in Beijing, China. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(9):623-30.
  • [38]Wurtele SK, Kenny MC. Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. 2010;19(2):130-52.
  • [39]Finkelhor D. The prevention of childhood sexual abuse. The future of children. 2009:169-94.
  • [40]Erdoğan Y, Aslan D. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik algıları. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;16(1):104-32.
  • [41]Koçtürk N. Çocuk ihmalini ve istismarını önlemede okul çalışanlarının sorumlulukları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;5(1):38-47.
  • [42]Pitts C. Child sexual abuse prevention programs for pre-schoolers: A synthesis of current evidence: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse Sydney; 2015.
  • [43]Aksel EŞ, Irmak TY. Çocuk cinsel istismarı konusunda öğretmenlerin bilgi ve deneyimleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2015;16(2):373-91.
  • [44]Kardeş S, Karaman NG. Okul Öncesi Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Çocuğun Cinsel Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;18(3):1554-70.
  • [45]Bakır E, Kapucu S. Çocuk ihmali ve istismarının Türkiye’de yapılan araştırmalara yansıması: Bir literatür incelemesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;4(2):13-24.
  • [46]Polat O. Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk İstismarı: Tanımlar. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2007.
  • [47]Kaya H, Çoban B, Killiklioğlu E, Özden N, Özgen G. Çocukta cinsel istismar ve hemşirenin rolü. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2005;13(55):57-62.
  • [48]Yılmaz B, Çalışkan D. Bir hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin çocuk ihmal ve istismarına yönelik bilgi ve yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu. 2015;4(2):1-15.
  • [49]Koyun A, Taşkın L, Terzioğlu F. Yaşam dönemlerine göre kadın sağlığı ve ruhsal işlevler: Hemşirelik yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2011;3(1):67-99.
  • [50]Murray LK, Nguyen A, Cohen JA. Child sexual abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2014;23(2):321-37.
  • [51]Smallbone S, Marshall WL, Wortley R. Preventing child sexual abuse: Evidence, policy and practice: Routledge; 2013.
  • [52]Fryda CM, Hulme PA. School-based childhood sexual abuse prevention programs: An integrative review. The Journal of School Nursing. 2015;31(3):167-82.
  • [53]Kenny MC. Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groups for preschoolers and their parents. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work. 2009;34(1):24-42.
  • [54]Davis MK, Gidycz CA. Child sexual abuse prevention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of clinical child psychology. 2000;29(2):257-65.
  • [55]Manheim M, Felicetti R, Moloney G. Child sexual abuse victimization prevention programs in preschool and kindergarten: implications for practice. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2019;28(6):745-57.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Duygu Kemer 0000-0002-6909-8961

Ayşegül İşler 0000-0001-8448-0483

Project Number -
Publication Date December 25, 2021
Submission Date February 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kemer D, İşler A. Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önlemede Okul Temelli Cinsel İstismarı Önleme Programlarının Önemi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;12(3):411-2.

SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, makalenin gönderilmesi ve yayınlanması dahil olmak üzere hiçbir aşamada herhangi bir ücret talep etmemektedir. Dergimiz, bilimsel araştırmaları okuyucuya ücretsiz sunmanın bilginin küresel paylaşımını artıracağı ilkesini benimseyerek, içeriğine anında açık erişim sağlamaktadır.