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Myofascial training paradigm

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 131 - 139, 15.12.2018

İlbilge Özsu Cem Kurt

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.492721

Abstract

Aim: According to Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trend which was conducted by the American College of Sport Medicine, SMR exercises are in the first twenty places among fitness trends of the last 3 years. Although SMR exercises are frequently preferred by trainers/athletes, effects of SMR exercises on athletes performance are contradictory. In this review, it was aimed to investigate the effects of SMR exercises on athletes performance.

Methods: In accordance with the aim of the study; PubMed, Google, Google Scholar database were searched during November 2018 using “Fascia”, “Fascia and Adaptability to Mechanical Loading”, “Self Myofascial Release”, “Foam Roller”, “Self Myofascial Release and Flexibility”, “Self Myofascial Release and ROM”, “Self Myofascial Release and Performance”, “Self Myofascial Release and Performance Testing” keywords.

Results: According to results obtained from literature, it may be accepted that SMR exercises increase flexibility and Range of Motion (ROM). Moreover, use of SMR exercises combined with SS may be more effective in increasing flexibility/ROM than treatment of SS or SMRalone.  SMR exercises may be used for warm-up tools as SMR exercises have no detrimental effects for subsequent performance. Although the effects of SMR exercises on myofascial system and performance cannot be fully explained, Thixotropy property of fascia or activation of kinesthetic and mechanical receptors in myofascial system might be accepted as possible mechanisms.


Conclusion: Some studies suggest that muscular performance could be affected negatively after SMR exercises. Therefore, the results of these studies should be considered necessary by trainers/athletes.  As there is no any universal guide which explains how SMR exercises should be applied. Trainers/athletes should apply SMR exercises in accordance with their experiences or they should remove SMR exercises from their training programme.

Keywords

Fascia myofascial system foam roll myofascial release performance testing

References

  • Ajimsha MS, Al-Mudahka NR, Al-Madzhar JA. Effectiveness of myofascial release: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2015 Jan;19(1):102-12.
  • Barker, P. J., Briggs, C. A., & Bogeski, G. (2004). Tensile transmission across the lumbar fasciae in unembalmed cadavers: effects of tension to various muscular attachments. Spine, 29(2), 129-138.
  • Barnes, M. F. (1997). The basic science of myofascial release: morphologic change in connective tissue. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 1(4), 231-238.
  • Beardsley, C., & Škarabot, J. (2015). Effects of self-myofascial release: a systematic review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(4), 747-758.
  • Behara, B., & Jacobson, B. H. (2017). Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in division I linemen. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(4), 888-892.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633-2651.
  • Benetazzo, L., Bizzego, A., De Caro, R., Frigo, G., Guidolin, D., Stecco, C., 2011. 3D reconstruction of the crural and thoracolumbar fascia. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 33, 855-862.
  • Benjamin, M. (2009). The fascia of the limbs and back–a review. Journal of Anatomy, 214(1), 1-18.
  • Cavanaugh, M. T., Aboodarda, S. J., Hodgson, D. D., & Behm, D. G. (2017). Foam rolling of quadriceps decreases biceps femoris activation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(8), 2238-2245.
  • Cheatham, S. W., Kolber, M. J., Cain, M., & Lee, M. (2015). The effects of self‐myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(6), 827.
  • Dischiavi, S. L., Wright, A. A., Hegedus, E. J., & Bleakley, C. M. (2018). Biotensegrity and myofascial chains: A global approach to an integrated kinetic chain. Medical Hypotheses, 110, 90-96.
  • EI‐Labban, N. G., Hopper, C., & Barber, P. (1993). Ultrastructural finding of vascular degeneration in myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans). Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 22(9), 428-431.
  • Fama, B. J., & Bueti, D. R. (2011). The acute effect of self-myofascial release on lower extremity plyometric performance. Sacret Heart University, Master of Science Thesis in Exercise Science and Nutrition.
  • Gavronski, G., Veraksits, A., Vasar, E., Maaroos, J., 2007. Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes. Physiological Measurement 28 (6), 625-637.
  • Gerlach, U. J., & Lierse, W. (1990). Functional construction of the superficial and deep fascia system of the lower limb in man. Cells Tissues Organs, 139(1), 11-25.
  • Goats, G.C., Keir, K.A.I., 1991. Connective tissue massage. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 131-133.
  • Goodwin, J. E., Glaister, M., Howatson, G., Lockey, R. A., & Mcinnes, G. (2007). Effect of preperformance lower-limb massage on thirty-meter sprint running. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1028.
  • Grevious, M. A., Cohen, M., Shah, S. R., & Rodriguez, P. (2006). Structural and functional anatomy of the abdominal wall. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 33(2), 169-179.
  • Grieve, R., Goodwin, F., Alfaki, M., Bourton, A. J., Jeffries, C., & Scott, H. (2015). The immediate effect of bilateral self-myofascial release on the plantar surface of the feet on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(3), 544-552.
  • Halperin, I., Aboodarda, S. J., Button, D. C., Andersen, L. L., & Behm, D. G. (2014). Roller Massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(1), 92.
  • Haynes, W., Lardner, R., Liebenson, C., Martin, S., Rowland, P., Schleip, R., ... & Vaughn, B. (2003). The Stretching Debate. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 7(1), 00-00.
  • Healey, K. C., Hatfield, D. L., Blanpied, P., Dorfman, L. R., & Riebe, D. (2014). The effects of myofascial release with foam rolling on performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(1), 61-68.
  • Herda, T. J., Cramer, J. T., Ryan, E. D., McHugh, M. P., & Stout, J. R. (2008). Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 809-817.
  • Hoheisel, U., Taguchi, T., Mense, S. Nociception: the thoracolumbar fascia as a sensory organ, in: R. Schleip, et al.(Eds.), Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body, Churchill Livingstone, Kidlington, 2012, pp.95–101.
  • Huijing, P. A. (1999). Muscular force transmission: a unified, dual or multiple system? A review and some explorative experimental results. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 107(4), 292-311.
  • Huijing, P. A. (2007). Epimuscular myofascial force transmission between antagonistic and synergistic muscles can explain movement limitation in spastic paresis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 17(6), 708-724.
  • Huijing, P.A. J.B. M., Baan, G. C., & Rebel, G. T. (1998). Non-myotendinous force transmission in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201(5), 683-691.
  • Kawamata, S., Ozawa, J., Hashimoto, M., Kurose, T., & Shinohara, H. (2003). Structure of the rat subcutaneous connective tissue in relation to its sliding mechanism. Archives of Histology and Cytology, 66(3), 273-279.
  • Kim, C.T., Findley, T.W., Reisman, S.R., 1997. Bioelectrical impedancechanges in regional extracellular fluid alterations. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 37 (5), 297-304.
  • Kjær, M., Langberg, H., Heinemeier, K., Bayer, M. L., Hansen, M., Holm, L., ... & Magnusson, S. P. (2009). From mechanical loading to collagen synthesis, structural changes and function in human tendon. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(4), 500-510.
  • Langevin, H. M., & Huijing, P. A. (2009). Communicating about fascia: history, pitfalls, and recommendations. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 2(4), 3.
  • Li, Z. (2015). Acute effects of foam rolling on flexibility, isokinetic and isometric strength. Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Master of Science in Kinesiology.
  • Linderoth, F. (2015). Foam rolling compared to dynamic stretch and 20-meter sprint time performance. Halmstad University, Egzersiz Biyomedikal Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Maas, H., & Sandercock, T. G. (2010). Force transmission between synergistic skeletal muscles through connective tissue linkages. Bio Med Research International, 2010.
  • MacDonald, G. Z., Penney, M. D., Mullaley, M. E., Cuconato, A. L., Drake, C. D., Behm, D. G., & Button, D. C. (2013). An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 812-821.
  • Magnusson, S.P., Langberg, H., Kjaer, M., 2010. The pathogenesisof tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 6, 262-268.
  • Malin, B., Jordan, M., Cook, R., Draeger, A., Hagenbucher, J., Van Guilder, G., & Janot, J. (2013). Effects of self-myofascial release & static stretching on anaerobic power output. J Fit Res, 2(1), 2.
  • McCombe, D., Brown, T., Slavin, J., & Morrison, W. A. (2001). The histochemical structure of the deep fascia and its structural response to surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery, 26(2), 89-97.
  • McMillian DJ, Moore JH, Hatler BS, Taylor DC. Dynamic vs.static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility per-formance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006;20(3):492–9.
  • Mense, S. Functional anatomy of muscle: muscle, nociceptors and afferent fibers, in: S. Mense, R.D. Gerwin(Eds.), Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms, Springer, Heidelberg/Dordrecht/London/New York, 2010, pp. 17–48.
  • Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109.
  • Peacock, C. A., Krein, D. D., Silver, T. A., Sanders, G. J., & Von Carlowitz, K. P. A. (2014). An acute bout of self-myofascial release in the form of foam rolling improves performance testing. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(3), 202.
  • Sağiroğlu, İ., Kurt, C., Pekünlü, E., & Özsu, İ. (2017). Residual effects of static stretching and self-myofascial-release exercises on flexibility and lower body explosive strength in well-trained combat athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 25(2), 135-141.
  • Schleip, R. (1989). A new explanation of the effect of Rolfing. Rolf Lines, 15(1), 18-20.
  • Schleip, R., & Baker, A. (Eds.). (2015). Fascia in sport and movement. Handspring Publishing.
  • Schleip, R., & Müller, D. G. (2013). Training principles for fascial connective tissues: scientific foundation and suggested practical applications. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 17(1), 103-115.
  • Schleip, R., Jäger, H., & Klingler, W. (2012). What is ‘fascia’? A review of different nomenclatures. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 16(4), 496-502.
  • Schroeder, A. N., & Best, T. M. (2015). Is self-myofascial release an effective pre-exercise and recovery strategy? A literature review. Current sports medicine reports, 14(3), 200-208.
  • Shah, S., & Bhalara, A. (2012). Myofascial release. Inter J Health Sci Res, 2(2), 69-77.
  • Simic, L., Sarabon, N., & Markovic, G. (2013). Does pre‐exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta‐analytical review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(2), 131-148.
  • Škarabot, J., Beardsley, C., & Štirn, I. (2015). Comparing the effects of self‐myofascial release with static stretching on ankle range‐of‐motion in adolescent athletes. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(2), 203.
  • Stecco, A., Gilliar, W., Hill, R., Fullerton, B., & Stecco, C. (2014). Erratum to ‘The anatomical and functional relation between gluteus maximus and fascia lata’[J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther.(2013) 512–517]. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 18(1), 93.
  • Su, H., Chang, N. J., Wu, W. L., Guo, L. Y., & Chu, I. H. (2017). Acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching during warm-ups on muscular flexibility and strength in young adults. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 26(6), 469-477.
  • Sullivan, K. M., Silvey, D. B., Button, D. C., & Behm, D. G. (2013). Roller‐massager application to the hamstrings increases sit‐and‐reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 8(3), 228.
  • Tesarz, J., Hoheisel, U., Wiedenhofer, B., Mense, S., 2011. Sensory innervation of the thoracolumbar fascia in rats and humans. Neuroscience 194, 302-308.
  • Tozzi, P., Bongiorno, D., Vitturini, C., 2011. Fascial release effects patients with non-specific cervical or lumbar pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 15 (4), 405-416.
  • Vleeming, A., Pool-Goudzwaard, A. L., Stoeckart, R., van Wingerden, J. P., & Snijders, C. J. (1995). The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia. Spine, 20(7), 753-758.
  • Wentzell, M. (2016). Fascia in Sport and Movement. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 60(1), 123.
  • Wilke, J., Krause, F., Vogt, L., & Banzer, W. (2016). What is evidence-based about myofascial chains: a systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(3), 454-461.

Myofasyal antrenman yaklaşımı

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 131 - 139, 15.12.2018

İlbilge Özsu Cem Kurt

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.492721

Abstract

Amaç: Amerikan Spor Hekimliği Kolejinin Dünya Geneli Fitness Trendleri Araştırmasına göre Self-Myofasyal Release (SMR) egzersizleri, son 3 yılın fitness trendleri arasında, ilk yirmi’de yer almaktadır. SMR egzersizleri antrenör ve sporcular tarafından sıklıkla tercih edilmesine rağmen, SMR egzersizlerinin sporcu performansı üzerindeki sonuçları çelişkilidir. Bu derlemede, SMR egzersizlerinin sporcu performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda; PubMed, Google, Google Schoolar veri tabanları Kasım 2018’de “Fascia”, “Fascia and Adaptability to Mechanical Loading”, “Sel Myofascial Release”, “Foam Roller”, “Self Myofascial Release and Flexibility”, “Self Myofascial Release and ROM”, “Self Myofascial Release and Performance”, “Self Myofascial Release and Performance Testing” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak tarandı.

Bulgular: Literatürden elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda; SMR egzersizlerinin esneklik ve eklem hareket açısını (EHA) arttırdığı kabul edilebilir. Ayrıca, SMR egzersizlerinin statik germelerle (SG) birlikte kullanılması (SMR+SG) esneklik/EHA gelişimi açısından tek başına uygulanan SMR ya da SG uygulamasından daha etkili olabilir. SMR egzersizleri, kendinden sonra uygulanan kassal performansı olumsuz etkilemediği için, sportif ısınma aracı olarak kullanılabilinir. SMR egzersizlerinin myofasyal sistem ve performans üzerindeki etkileri tam olarak açıklanamasa da, fasyanın Thixotropy özelliği ya da myofasyal sistemdeki kinestetik ve mekanik reseptörlerin aktivasyonu muhtemel mekanizmalar olarak kabul edilmektedir.

Sonuçlar: Bazı çalışmalar SMR egzersizlerinden sonra kassal performansın olumsuz etkilenebileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu nedenle, antrenörler/sporcular tarafından bu sonuçlar mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. SMR egzersizlerinin nasıl uygulanması gerektiğini belirten evrensel bir uygulama kılavuzu olmaması nedeniyle, sporcular/ antrenörler deneyimleri doğrultusunda SMR egzersizlerini uygulamalı ya da antrenman programlarından çıkarmalıdır.

Keywords

Fasya myofasyal sistem foam roller myofasyal gevşetme performans testi

References

  • Ajimsha MS, Al-Mudahka NR, Al-Madzhar JA. Effectiveness of myofascial release: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2015 Jan;19(1):102-12.
  • Barker, P. J., Briggs, C. A., & Bogeski, G. (2004). Tensile transmission across the lumbar fasciae in unembalmed cadavers: effects of tension to various muscular attachments. Spine, 29(2), 129-138.
  • Barnes, M. F. (1997). The basic science of myofascial release: morphologic change in connective tissue. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 1(4), 231-238.
  • Beardsley, C., & Škarabot, J. (2015). Effects of self-myofascial release: a systematic review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(4), 747-758.
  • Behara, B., & Jacobson, B. H. (2017). Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in division I linemen. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(4), 888-892.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633-2651.
  • Benetazzo, L., Bizzego, A., De Caro, R., Frigo, G., Guidolin, D., Stecco, C., 2011. 3D reconstruction of the crural and thoracolumbar fascia. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 33, 855-862.
  • Benjamin, M. (2009). The fascia of the limbs and back–a review. Journal of Anatomy, 214(1), 1-18.
  • Cavanaugh, M. T., Aboodarda, S. J., Hodgson, D. D., & Behm, D. G. (2017). Foam rolling of quadriceps decreases biceps femoris activation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(8), 2238-2245.
  • Cheatham, S. W., Kolber, M. J., Cain, M., & Lee, M. (2015). The effects of self‐myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(6), 827.
  • Dischiavi, S. L., Wright, A. A., Hegedus, E. J., & Bleakley, C. M. (2018). Biotensegrity and myofascial chains: A global approach to an integrated kinetic chain. Medical Hypotheses, 110, 90-96.
  • EI‐Labban, N. G., Hopper, C., & Barber, P. (1993). Ultrastructural finding of vascular degeneration in myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans). Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 22(9), 428-431.
  • Fama, B. J., & Bueti, D. R. (2011). The acute effect of self-myofascial release on lower extremity plyometric performance. Sacret Heart University, Master of Science Thesis in Exercise Science and Nutrition.
  • Gavronski, G., Veraksits, A., Vasar, E., Maaroos, J., 2007. Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes. Physiological Measurement 28 (6), 625-637.
  • Gerlach, U. J., & Lierse, W. (1990). Functional construction of the superficial and deep fascia system of the lower limb in man. Cells Tissues Organs, 139(1), 11-25.
  • Goats, G.C., Keir, K.A.I., 1991. Connective tissue massage. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 131-133.
  • Goodwin, J. E., Glaister, M., Howatson, G., Lockey, R. A., & Mcinnes, G. (2007). Effect of preperformance lower-limb massage on thirty-meter sprint running. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1028.
  • Grevious, M. A., Cohen, M., Shah, S. R., & Rodriguez, P. (2006). Structural and functional anatomy of the abdominal wall. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 33(2), 169-179.
  • Grieve, R., Goodwin, F., Alfaki, M., Bourton, A. J., Jeffries, C., & Scott, H. (2015). The immediate effect of bilateral self-myofascial release on the plantar surface of the feet on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(3), 544-552.
  • Halperin, I., Aboodarda, S. J., Button, D. C., Andersen, L. L., & Behm, D. G. (2014). Roller Massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(1), 92.
  • Haynes, W., Lardner, R., Liebenson, C., Martin, S., Rowland, P., Schleip, R., ... & Vaughn, B. (2003). The Stretching Debate. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 7(1), 00-00.
  • Healey, K. C., Hatfield, D. L., Blanpied, P., Dorfman, L. R., & Riebe, D. (2014). The effects of myofascial release with foam rolling on performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(1), 61-68.
  • Herda, T. J., Cramer, J. T., Ryan, E. D., McHugh, M. P., & Stout, J. R. (2008). Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 809-817.
  • Hoheisel, U., Taguchi, T., Mense, S. Nociception: the thoracolumbar fascia as a sensory organ, in: R. Schleip, et al.(Eds.), Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body, Churchill Livingstone, Kidlington, 2012, pp.95–101.
  • Huijing, P. A. (1999). Muscular force transmission: a unified, dual or multiple system? A review and some explorative experimental results. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 107(4), 292-311.
  • Huijing, P. A. (2007). Epimuscular myofascial force transmission between antagonistic and synergistic muscles can explain movement limitation in spastic paresis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 17(6), 708-724.
  • Huijing, P.A. J.B. M., Baan, G. C., & Rebel, G. T. (1998). Non-myotendinous force transmission in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201(5), 683-691.
  • Kawamata, S., Ozawa, J., Hashimoto, M., Kurose, T., & Shinohara, H. (2003). Structure of the rat subcutaneous connective tissue in relation to its sliding mechanism. Archives of Histology and Cytology, 66(3), 273-279.
  • Kim, C.T., Findley, T.W., Reisman, S.R., 1997. Bioelectrical impedancechanges in regional extracellular fluid alterations. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 37 (5), 297-304.
  • Kjær, M., Langberg, H., Heinemeier, K., Bayer, M. L., Hansen, M., Holm, L., ... & Magnusson, S. P. (2009). From mechanical loading to collagen synthesis, structural changes and function in human tendon. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(4), 500-510.
  • Langevin, H. M., & Huijing, P. A. (2009). Communicating about fascia: history, pitfalls, and recommendations. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 2(4), 3.
  • Li, Z. (2015). Acute effects of foam rolling on flexibility, isokinetic and isometric strength. Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Master of Science in Kinesiology.
  • Linderoth, F. (2015). Foam rolling compared to dynamic stretch and 20-meter sprint time performance. Halmstad University, Egzersiz Biyomedikal Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Maas, H., & Sandercock, T. G. (2010). Force transmission between synergistic skeletal muscles through connective tissue linkages. Bio Med Research International, 2010.
  • MacDonald, G. Z., Penney, M. D., Mullaley, M. E., Cuconato, A. L., Drake, C. D., Behm, D. G., & Button, D. C. (2013). An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 812-821.
  • Magnusson, S.P., Langberg, H., Kjaer, M., 2010. The pathogenesisof tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 6, 262-268.
  • Malin, B., Jordan, M., Cook, R., Draeger, A., Hagenbucher, J., Van Guilder, G., & Janot, J. (2013). Effects of self-myofascial release & static stretching on anaerobic power output. J Fit Res, 2(1), 2.
  • McCombe, D., Brown, T., Slavin, J., & Morrison, W. A. (2001). The histochemical structure of the deep fascia and its structural response to surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery, 26(2), 89-97.
  • McMillian DJ, Moore JH, Hatler BS, Taylor DC. Dynamic vs.static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility per-formance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006;20(3):492–9.
  • Mense, S. Functional anatomy of muscle: muscle, nociceptors and afferent fibers, in: S. Mense, R.D. Gerwin(Eds.), Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms, Springer, Heidelberg/Dordrecht/London/New York, 2010, pp. 17–48.
  • Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109.
  • Peacock, C. A., Krein, D. D., Silver, T. A., Sanders, G. J., & Von Carlowitz, K. P. A. (2014). An acute bout of self-myofascial release in the form of foam rolling improves performance testing. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(3), 202.
  • Sağiroğlu, İ., Kurt, C., Pekünlü, E., & Özsu, İ. (2017). Residual effects of static stretching and self-myofascial-release exercises on flexibility and lower body explosive strength in well-trained combat athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 25(2), 135-141.
  • Schleip, R. (1989). A new explanation of the effect of Rolfing. Rolf Lines, 15(1), 18-20.
  • Schleip, R., & Baker, A. (Eds.). (2015). Fascia in sport and movement. Handspring Publishing.
  • Schleip, R., & Müller, D. G. (2013). Training principles for fascial connective tissues: scientific foundation and suggested practical applications. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 17(1), 103-115.
  • Schleip, R., Jäger, H., & Klingler, W. (2012). What is ‘fascia’? A review of different nomenclatures. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 16(4), 496-502.
  • Schroeder, A. N., & Best, T. M. (2015). Is self-myofascial release an effective pre-exercise and recovery strategy? A literature review. Current sports medicine reports, 14(3), 200-208.
  • Shah, S., & Bhalara, A. (2012). Myofascial release. Inter J Health Sci Res, 2(2), 69-77.
  • Simic, L., Sarabon, N., & Markovic, G. (2013). Does pre‐exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta‐analytical review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(2), 131-148.
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section REVIEW
Authors

İlbilge Özsu 0000-0003-3678-1294

Cem Kurt 0000-0002-0254-5923

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Submission Date December 5, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özsu, İ., & Kurt, C. (2018). Myofascial training paradigm. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 4(4), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.492721