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ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2016, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 73 - 84, 29.08.2016

Zerrin Pat

https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.89294

Abstract

Germanyum elementi katı hal elektronik aygıt üretimi ve antibakteriyel uygulamalar için  oldukça önemli bir elementtir. Elektronik cihazlar ve optoelektronik aygıtlarda oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Polietilentereftalat (PET) malzemeler ise yüksek geçirgenliğe sahip organik alt taş malzemelerden birisidir. PET malzemeler eğilebilir ve bükülebilir elektronik aygıtlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada  PET üzerine, nano tabaka halinde kaplanmış germanyum elementinin antibakteriyel ve yüzey özellikleri incelenmiştir. Germanyum elementi başarılı bir şekilde PET malzeme üzerinde biriktirilebilmiş ve antibakteriyel özellikleri gram pozitif Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213)  ve gram negatif Escherichia coli (ATCC11775) bakterilerine karşı test edilmiştir. Üretilen germanyum kaplamanın kalınlığı yaklaşık 200 nm ve tanecik boyutu ise yaklaşık 40 nm civarındadır. Üretilen yapıların kristal yönelimleri (022), (133) ve (224) olarak belirlenmiştir. XRD ve EDX analizlerine  göre, depolanmış germanyum elementinin; PET’i oluşturan yapılar ile reaksiyona girmediği ve safsızlık atomları içermediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca germanyum kaplanmış PET malzemenin; atomik kuvvet mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri ile yüzey analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunlara ilave olarak yine germanyum kaplı PET malzemenin yüzey pürüzlülüğü, tane yükseklik dağılımı, temas açısı değerleri, geçirgenlik ve soğurma analizleri de bu çalışma kapsamında belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Germanyum Polietilentereftalat; Antibakteriyel Yüzey Özellikleri

References

  • Amtul, Z., Follmer, C., Mahboob, S., Mazhar, M., Khan, K. M., Siddiqui, R. A., Muhammad S., Kazmi S.A., Choudhary, M. I. (2007) Germa-γ-lactones as novel inhibitors of bacterial urease activity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 356(2), 457-463. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.158.
  • Boks, N. P., Norde, W., van der Mei, H. C., Busscher, H. J. (2008) Forces involved inbacterial adhesion to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Microbiology, 154 (10), 3122-3133.doi: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/018622-0.
  • Campanile F, Bongiorno D, Perez M , Mongelli G , Sessa L , Benvenuto S, Gona S, AMCLI -S. aureus Survey Participants, Varaldo P.E. , Stefani S. (2015) Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Italy: First nationwide survey 2012, Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 3, 247–254. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.06.006.
  • Chiu, S. J., Lee, M. Y., Chou, W. G., & Lin, L. Y. (2003) Germanium oxide enhances the radiosensitivity of cells, Radiation Research, 159(3), 391-400.
  • Chomarat, M. (2000) Resistance of bacteria in urinary tract infections, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 16, 483-487. doi: 10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00281-8.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Annual epidemiological report. Reporting on 2011 surveillance data and 2012 epidemic intelligence data.
  • Foxman, B. (1990) Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors, American Journal of Public Health, 80, 331-333. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.80.3.331.
  • Joshi, L. P., Risal, L., Shrestha, S. P. (2016) Effects of Concentration of Triethanolamine and Annealing Temperature on Band Gap of Thin Film of Tin Sulphide Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method, Journal of Nepal Physical Society, 3(1), 1-5.
  • Kay, D., Crowther, J., Stapleton, C.M., Wyer, M.D., Fewtrell, L., Edwards, A., Francis, C.A., McDonald, A.T., Watkins, J., Wilkinson, J. (2008) Faecal indicator organism concentrations in sewage and treated effluents, Water Research, 42, 442–454. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.036.
  • Khalid, A. Q., AlJohny, B. O., Wainwright, M. (2014) Antibacterial effects of pure metals on clinically important bacteria growing in planktonic cultures and biofilms. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(10), 1080-1088. doi: 10.5897/AJMR2013.5893.
  • Knetsch, M. L., Koole, L. H. (2011) New strategies in the development of antimicrobial coatings: the example of increasing usage of silver and silver nanoparticles. Polymers, 3(1), 340-366. doi:10.3390/polym3010340.
  • Noormandi, A., Dabaghzadeh F. (2015) Effects of green tea on Escherichia coli as a uropathogen, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5, 15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.005.
  • Oliveira, R., Azeredo, J., Teixeira, P., & Fonseca, A. P. (2001) The role of hydrophobicity in bacterialadhesion, Hydrophobicity and Adhesion, 11-16.
  • Özen, S., Şenay, V., Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş. (2015) AlGaAs film growth using thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) and determination of its physical properties, The European Physical Journal Plus, 130(6), 1-6. doi: 10.1140/epjp/j2015-15108-3.
  • Özen, S., Şenay, V., Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş. (2015) Investigation on the morphology and surface free energy of the AlGaN thin film, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 653, 162-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.225.
  • Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş., Özen, S., Şenay, V. (2016) Heavily carbon doped GaAs nanocrystalline thin film deposited by thermionic vacuum arc method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 657, 711-716. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.150.
  • Pour, S. N., Ghugare, S. V., Wiens, R., Gough, K., Liu, S. (2015) Controlled in situ formation of polyacrylamide hydrogel on PET surface via SI-ARGET-ATRP for wound dressings, Applied Surface Science, 349, 695-704. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.181.
  • Reygaert, W., Jusufi I. (2013) Green tea as an effective antimicrobial for urinary tract infections caused by. Escherichia coli, Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 162, 1-4. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00162.
  • Sahoo, S. (2010) Socio-ethicalissues and nanotechnology development: perspectives from India, 10th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 1205-1210. doi: 10.1109/NANO.2010.5697887.
  • Seil, J. T., Webster, T. J. (2012) Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7, 2767-2781. doi: 0.2147/IJN.S24805
  • Şenay, V., Özen, S., Pat, S., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2016) Optical, morphological and mechanical properties of an Al–Al2O3 nanocomposite thin film grown by thermionic vacuum arc. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 127(6), 3383-3387. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.109.
  • Sharifahmadian, O., Salimijazi, H.R., Fathi, M.H., Mostaghimi, J. and Pershin, L. (2013) Study of the Antibacterial Behavior of Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 22, 371-379. doi: 10.1007/s11666-012-9842-2.
  • Sirelkhatim, A., Mahmud, S., Seeni, A., Kaus, N. H. M., Ann, L. C., Bakhori, S. K. M., Hasan H., Mohamad, D. (2015) Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism, Nano-Micro Letters, 7(3), 219-242. doi: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x.
  • Sudha, S., & Vinodhini, J. (2011) Antibacterial properties of organic germanium against some human pathogens. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2(1), 854-859.
  • Xinpeng, L., Xinkai, X., Richard, M. P. (2015) A study of the surface charging properties of a standard strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775) in aqueous solutions, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 135, 811–816. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.048.
  • Yasuyuki,M., Kunihiro, K., Kurissery,S., Kanavillil,N., Sato,Y., Kikuchi,Y. (2010) Antibacterial properties of nine puremetals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. Biofouling, 26(7),851-858. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.527000.
  • Zalesak, J., Bartosik, M., Daniel, R., Mitterer, C., Krywka, C., Kiener, D., Keckes, J. (2016) Cross-sectional structure-property relationship in a graded nanocrystalline Ti 1− x Al x N thin film, Acta Materialia, 102, 212-219. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.09.007.

An Investigation of Antibacterial and Surface Properties of the Germanium Nano Layer Deposited on Organic Substrates

Year 2016, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 73 - 84, 29.08.2016

Zerrin Pat

https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.89294

Abstract

The element germanium is an important material for the solid state device fabrication and antibacterial applications. It has been widely used for the optoelectronic applications. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials is a organic substrate materials with high transparency. It is used to in flexible and bendable electronic device in present and future. In this study, antibacterial and surface properties of the germanium layer deposition with nano thicknesses were investigated. Germanium material was successfully deposited on PET substrate and antibacterial properties against to gram positive  Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213)  and gram negative Escherichia coli (ATCC11775) bacterias were tested. Germanium layer thicknesses was measured as 200 nm and grain size was calculated about 40 nm. Crystal formations of the deposited layer were determined as  (022), (133) and (224) formation. According to to XRD and EDX analysis, it found that deposited germanium layer was not contain any impurity and  chemical bonds to atoms of PET substrate. Moreover, surface analysis of deposited PET sample were realized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, surface roughness, rain height distribution, contact angle, transparency and absorbance values were determined in this paper.

Keywords

Germanium Polyethylene terephthalate; Antibacterial; Surface Properties

References

  • Amtul, Z., Follmer, C., Mahboob, S., Mazhar, M., Khan, K. M., Siddiqui, R. A., Muhammad S., Kazmi S.A., Choudhary, M. I. (2007) Germa-γ-lactones as novel inhibitors of bacterial urease activity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 356(2), 457-463. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.158.
  • Boks, N. P., Norde, W., van der Mei, H. C., Busscher, H. J. (2008) Forces involved inbacterial adhesion to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Microbiology, 154 (10), 3122-3133.doi: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/018622-0.
  • Campanile F, Bongiorno D, Perez M , Mongelli G , Sessa L , Benvenuto S, Gona S, AMCLI -S. aureus Survey Participants, Varaldo P.E. , Stefani S. (2015) Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Italy: First nationwide survey 2012, Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 3, 247–254. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.06.006.
  • Chiu, S. J., Lee, M. Y., Chou, W. G., & Lin, L. Y. (2003) Germanium oxide enhances the radiosensitivity of cells, Radiation Research, 159(3), 391-400.
  • Chomarat, M. (2000) Resistance of bacteria in urinary tract infections, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 16, 483-487. doi: 10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00281-8.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Annual epidemiological report. Reporting on 2011 surveillance data and 2012 epidemic intelligence data.
  • Foxman, B. (1990) Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors, American Journal of Public Health, 80, 331-333. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.80.3.331.
  • Joshi, L. P., Risal, L., Shrestha, S. P. (2016) Effects of Concentration of Triethanolamine and Annealing Temperature on Band Gap of Thin Film of Tin Sulphide Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method, Journal of Nepal Physical Society, 3(1), 1-5.
  • Kay, D., Crowther, J., Stapleton, C.M., Wyer, M.D., Fewtrell, L., Edwards, A., Francis, C.A., McDonald, A.T., Watkins, J., Wilkinson, J. (2008) Faecal indicator organism concentrations in sewage and treated effluents, Water Research, 42, 442–454. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.036.
  • Khalid, A. Q., AlJohny, B. O., Wainwright, M. (2014) Antibacterial effects of pure metals on clinically important bacteria growing in planktonic cultures and biofilms. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(10), 1080-1088. doi: 10.5897/AJMR2013.5893.
  • Knetsch, M. L., Koole, L. H. (2011) New strategies in the development of antimicrobial coatings: the example of increasing usage of silver and silver nanoparticles. Polymers, 3(1), 340-366. doi:10.3390/polym3010340.
  • Noormandi, A., Dabaghzadeh F. (2015) Effects of green tea on Escherichia coli as a uropathogen, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5, 15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.005.
  • Oliveira, R., Azeredo, J., Teixeira, P., & Fonseca, A. P. (2001) The role of hydrophobicity in bacterialadhesion, Hydrophobicity and Adhesion, 11-16.
  • Özen, S., Şenay, V., Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş. (2015) AlGaAs film growth using thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) and determination of its physical properties, The European Physical Journal Plus, 130(6), 1-6. doi: 10.1140/epjp/j2015-15108-3.
  • Özen, S., Şenay, V., Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş. (2015) Investigation on the morphology and surface free energy of the AlGaN thin film, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 653, 162-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.225.
  • Pat, S., Korkmaz, Ş., Özen, S., Şenay, V. (2016) Heavily carbon doped GaAs nanocrystalline thin film deposited by thermionic vacuum arc method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 657, 711-716. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.150.
  • Pour, S. N., Ghugare, S. V., Wiens, R., Gough, K., Liu, S. (2015) Controlled in situ formation of polyacrylamide hydrogel on PET surface via SI-ARGET-ATRP for wound dressings, Applied Surface Science, 349, 695-704. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.181.
  • Reygaert, W., Jusufi I. (2013) Green tea as an effective antimicrobial for urinary tract infections caused by. Escherichia coli, Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 162, 1-4. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00162.
  • Sahoo, S. (2010) Socio-ethicalissues and nanotechnology development: perspectives from India, 10th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 1205-1210. doi: 10.1109/NANO.2010.5697887.
  • Seil, J. T., Webster, T. J. (2012) Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7, 2767-2781. doi: 0.2147/IJN.S24805
  • Şenay, V., Özen, S., Pat, S., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2016) Optical, morphological and mechanical properties of an Al–Al2O3 nanocomposite thin film grown by thermionic vacuum arc. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 127(6), 3383-3387. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.109.
  • Sharifahmadian, O., Salimijazi, H.R., Fathi, M.H., Mostaghimi, J. and Pershin, L. (2013) Study of the Antibacterial Behavior of Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 22, 371-379. doi: 10.1007/s11666-012-9842-2.
  • Sirelkhatim, A., Mahmud, S., Seeni, A., Kaus, N. H. M., Ann, L. C., Bakhori, S. K. M., Hasan H., Mohamad, D. (2015) Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism, Nano-Micro Letters, 7(3), 219-242. doi: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x.
  • Sudha, S., & Vinodhini, J. (2011) Antibacterial properties of organic germanium against some human pathogens. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2(1), 854-859.
  • Xinpeng, L., Xinkai, X., Richard, M. P. (2015) A study of the surface charging properties of a standard strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775) in aqueous solutions, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 135, 811–816. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.048.
  • Yasuyuki,M., Kunihiro, K., Kurissery,S., Kanavillil,N., Sato,Y., Kikuchi,Y. (2010) Antibacterial properties of nine puremetals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. Biofouling, 26(7),851-858. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.527000.
  • Zalesak, J., Bartosik, M., Daniel, R., Mitterer, C., Krywka, C., Kiener, D., Keckes, J. (2016) Cross-sectional structure-property relationship in a graded nanocrystalline Ti 1− x Al x N thin film, Acta Materialia, 102, 212-219. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.09.007.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zerrin Pat

Publication Date August 29, 2016
Submission Date March 31, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pat, Z. (2016). ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.89294
AMA Pat Z. ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. UUJFE. November 2016;21(2):73-84. doi:10.17482/uujfe.89294
Chicago Pat, Zerrin. “ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 2 (November 2016): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.89294.
EndNote Pat Z (November 1, 2016) ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 73–84.
IEEE Z. Pat, “ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, UUJFE, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73–84, 2016, doi: 10.17482/uujfe.89294.
ISNAD Pat, Zerrin. “ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (November 2016), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.89294.
JAMA Pat Z. ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. UUJFE. 2016;21:73–84.
MLA Pat, Zerrin. “ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 2, 2016, pp. 73-84, doi:10.17482/uujfe.89294.
Vancouver Pat Z. ORGANİK ALT TAŞLAR ÜZERİNE DEPOLANMIŞ GERMANYUM NANO TABAKASININ YÜZEY VE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. UUJFE. 2016;21(2):73-84.

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