Conventional and Current Treatment Approaches for Ankyloglossia

Özge Bektaş

Derleme

Conventional and Current Treatment Approaches for Ankyloglossia

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 71 - 84, 27.04.2023

Özge Bektaş

Öz

Objectives: Ankyloglossia is an anomaly that results from a short and thick lingual frenulum that causes limited tongue movement. It can cause problems such as difficulty in sucking, abnormal swallowing, speech disorder, malocclusion, gingival recession, especially in infancy. In this research, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical diagnostic criteria of ankyloglossia, functional disorders due to ankyloglossia, clinical treatment approaches of ankyloglossia, and the complications of these approaches that may affect the prognosis based on studies in the literature.
Material and Method: A literature review was conducted to evaluate the studies on ankyloglossia in pediatric dentistry. The articles indexed in pubMed, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Scopus electronic databases were accessed and evaluated using the keywords “ankyloglossia”, “tongue tie”, “lingual frenectomy”, and “pediatric dentistry”.
Results: When the studies in the literature were examined, it was concluded that surgical treatments were planned according to the degree of functional limitations caused by ankyloglossia in children. With the developing technology, the laser is recommended in order to facilitate healing by eliminating the complications of conventional surgical treatment approaches and post-operative discomforts.
Conclusion: Surgical techniques, rehabilitation exercises, and patient cooperation are important for the early correction of functional disorders due to ankyloglossia. With the use of laser in the surgical treatment of ankyloglossia, the need for general/local anesthesia and suturing decreases during the operation, the need for analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory drugs decreases after the operation, and better healing can be achieved by reducing hematoma, inflammation and bleeding. Despite its many advantages, this method has clinical limitations as it requires expensive equipment and trained personnel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ankiloglossi, dil bağı, lingual frenektomi, ankyloglossia, lingual frenectomy, tongue tie

Kaynakça

1. Mills N, Geddes DT, Amirapu S, Mirjalili SA. Understanding the Lingual Frenulum: Histological Structure, Tissue Composition, and Implications for Tongue Tie Surgery. Int J Otolaryngol. 2020;2020:1-12.
2. Maria SC, Aby J, Truong M, Thakur Y. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What Is Normal?. Glob Pediatr Health. 2017;4:1-6.
3. Haham A, Marom R, Mangel L, Botzer E, Dollberg S. Prevalence of breastfeeding difficulties in newborns with a lingual frenulum: A prospective cohort series. Breastfeed Med. 2014;9(9):438-441.
4. Northcutt ME. The Lingual Frenum. J Clin Orthod. 2009;43(9):557-565.
5. Fiorotti RC, Bertolini MM, Nicola JH, Nicola EMD. Early lingual frenectomy assisted by CO2 laser helps prevention and treatment of functional alterations caused by ankyloglossia. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2004;30(1):64-71.
6. Placek M, Skach M, Mrklas L. Problems with the Lip Frenulum in Periodontology. I. Classification and Epidemiology of Tendons of the Lip Frenulum. Ceskoslovenska stomatologie. 1974;74(5):385-391.
7. Wallace AF. Tongue Tie. Lancet. 1963;282:377-378.
8. Jamilian A, Fattahi FH, Kootanayi NG. Ankyloglossia and tongue mobility. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014;15(1):33-35.
9. Kotlow L. Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie): A Diagnostic and Treatment Quandary. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(4):259-262.
10. Segal LM, Stephenson R, Dawes M, Feldman P. Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Ankyloglossia: Methodologic Review. Canadian Family Physician. 2007;53(6):1027-1033.
11. Kupietzky A, Botzer E. Ankyloglossia in the Infant and Young Child: Clinical Suggestions for Diagnosis and Management. Pediatric dentistry. 2005;27(1):40- 46.
12. Ballard JL, Auer CE, Khoury JC. Ankyloglossia: assessment, incidence, and effect of frenuloplasty on the breastfeeding dyad. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5).
13. Pola M, Garcia MG, Martin JMG, Gallas M, Leston JS. A Study of Pathology Associated with Short Lingual Frenum. Journal of dentistry for children. 2002;69(1):59-62.
14. De Felice C, Toti P, Di Maggio G, Parrini S, Bagnoli F. Absence of the Inferior Labial and Lingual Frenula in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. The Lancet. 2001;357(9267):1500-1502.
15. Patterson GT, Ramasastry SS, Davis JU. Macroglossia and ankyloglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;65(1):29-31.
16. Kantaputra PN, Paramee M, Kaewkhampa A, et al. Cleft lip with cleft palate, ankyloglossia, and hypodontia are associated with TBX22 mutations. J Dent Res. 2011;90(4):450-455.
17. Harris, E. F., Friend, G. W., & Tolley, E. A. (1992). Enhanced prevalence of ankyloglossia with maternal cocaine use. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(1), 72-76.
18. Grandi D. The” Interdisciplinary Orofacial Examination Protocol for Children and Adolescents”: A Resource for the Interdisciplinary Assessment of the Stomatognatic System. International Journal of Orofacial Myology. 2012;38:15- 26.
19. Martinelli RLC, Marchesan IQ, Berretin- Felix G. Martinelli, R.L.C.; Marchesan, I. Q.; Berretin-Felix, G.: Lingual Frenulum Protocol with Scores for Infants. The International Journal of Orofacial Myology , v. 38, p. 104-112, 2012. Int J Orofac Myol. 2012;38:104-112.
20. Yoon A, Zaghi S, Weitzman R, et al. Toward a functional definition of ankyloglossia: validating current grading scales for lingual frenulum length and tongue mobility in 1052 subjects. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(3):767-775.
21. Ferrés-Amat E, Pastor-Vera T, Ferrés- Amat E, Mareque-Bueno J, Prats-Armengol J, Ferrés-Padró E. Multidisciplinary management of ankyloglossia in childhood. Treatment of 101 cases. a protocol. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21(1):e39-e47.
22. Dollberg S, Botzer E, Grunis E, Mimouni FB. Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(9):1598- 1600.
23. Karabulut R, Sönmez K, Türkyilmaz Z, et al. Ankyloglossia and effects on breastfeeding, speech problems and mechanical/ social issues in children. B-ENT. 2008;4(2):81-85.
24. Manfro ARG, Manfro R, Bortoluzzi MC. Surgical treatment of ankyloglossia in babies - Case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(11):1130-1132.
25. Marina AJ, Cunha NNO, e Silva LLC, et al. Surgical techniques for the treatment of ankyloglossia in children: A case series. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22(3):241-248.
26. Masaitis NS, Kaempf JW. Developing a Frenotomy Policy at One Medical Center: A Case Study Approach. Journal of Human Lactation. 1996;12(3):229- 232.
27. Hogan M, Westcott C, Griffiths M. Randomized, controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41(5-6):246- 250.
28. Amir LH, James JP, Beatty J. Review of tongue-tie release at a tertiary maternity hospital. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41(5- 6):243-245.
29. Meenakshi S, Jagannathan N. Assessment of lingual frenulum lengths in skeletal malocclusion. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(3):202-204.
30. Suzart, D. D., & Carvalho, A. R. R. D. (2016). Speech disorders related to alterations of the lingual frenulum in schoolchildren. Revista CEFAC, 18, 1332- 1339.
31. Cuestas G, Demarchi V, Corvalán MPM, Razetti J, Boccio C. Surgical treatment of short lingual frenulum in children. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2014;112(6):567-570.
32. Ito Y, Shimizu T, Nakamura T, Takatama C. Effectiveness of tongue-tie division for speech disorder in children. Pediatr Int. 2015;57(2):222-226.
33. Sane VD, Pawar S, Modi S, et al. Is use of laser really essential for release of tonguetie? J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(3):e279-e80.
34. Ruffoli R, Giambelluca MA, Scavuzzo MC, et al. Ankyloglossia: A morphofunctional investigation in children. Oral Dis. 2005;11(3):170-174.
35. Saccomanno S, Antonini G, D’alatri L, D’angelantonio M, Fiorita A, Deli R. Causal relationship between malocclusion and oral muscles dysfunction: a model of approach. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2012;13(4):321- 323.
36. Suter VGA, Bornstein MM. Ankyloglossia: facts and myths in diagnosis and treatment. J Periodontol. 2009;80(8):1204-1219.
37. Miller Jr PD. Regenerative and reconstructive periodontal plastic surgery. Mucogingival Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 1988;32(2):287-306.
38. Rather SH, Bhat IA, Mir H. Surgical treatment of lingual frenectomy. Int J Med Sci Clin Res. 2022;4(1):20-23.
39. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, et al. Breastfeeding improve_ment following tongue-tie and lip-tie release: a prospective cohort study. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(5):1217-1223.
40. Barot VJ, Vishnoi SL, Chandran S, et al. Laser: the torch of freedom for ankyloglossia. Indian J Plast Surg. 2014;47(3): 418-422.
41. Heller J, Gabbay J, O’Hara C, et al. Improved ankyloglossia correction with four-flap Z-frenuloplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54(6):623-628.
42. Yousefi J, Tabrizian NF, Raisolsadat SM, et al. Tongue-tie repair: Z-plasty vs simple release. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;27(79):127-135.
43. Kim TH, Lee YC, Yoo SD, Lee SA, Eun YG. Comparison of simple frenotomy with 4-flap Z-frenuloplasty in treatment for ankyloglossia with articulation difficulty: a prospective randomized study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;136:110-146.
44. Nicoloso GF, dos Santos IS, Flores JA, et al. An alternative method to treat ankyloglossia. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 40(4):319-321.
45. Mezzapesa PP , Lepore G, Acella V, De Giglio N, Favia G. Clinical outcomes of diode laser treatment of ankyloglossia in children and young adults: a report of two cases. Cureus. 2020;12(3):1-5.
46. Komori S, Matsumoto K, Matsuo K, et al. Clinical study of laser treatment for frenectomy of pediatric patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;10(3):272-277.
47. Olivi G., Signore A., Olivi M. & Genovese, M. D. Lingual frenectomy: functional evaluation and new therapeutical approach. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(2):101-106.
48. Hand P., Olivi G., Lajolo C., Gioco G., Marigo L., Castagnola R. & Cordaro, M. Short lingual frenum in infants, children and adolescents. Part 1: Breastfeeding and gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement after tethered oral tissues release. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(4), 309-317.
49. Choi YS, Lim JS, Han KT, et al. Ankyloglossia correction: Z-plasty combined with genioglossus myotomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(6):2238-2240.

Ankiloglossi için Geleneksel ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 71 - 84, 27.04.2023

Özge Bektaş

Öz

Amaç: Ankiloglossi, sınırlı dil hareketine neden olan kısa ve kalın bir lingual frenulumun sonucu gelişen bir anomalidir. Özellikle bebeklik döneminde emme güçlüğü, anormal yutkunma, konuşma bozukluğu, maloklüzyon, diş eti çekilmesi gibi sorunlara yol açabilir. Bu araştırmada ankiloglossinin klinik tanı kriterlerinin, ankiloglossiye bağlı gelişen fonksiyonel bozuklukların, ankiloglossinin klinik tedavi yaklaşımlarının ve bu yaklaşımların prognozu etkileyebilen komplikasyonlarının literatürdeki çalışmalara dayanarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çocuk diş hekimliği alanında ankiloglossi ile ilgili çalışmaların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla literatür taraması yapılmıştır. pubMed, Google Scholar, SpingerLink, Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, Scopus elektronik veri tabanlarında indekslenen makalelere “ankyloglossia”, “tongue tie”, “lingual frenectomy” ve “children” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak erişim sağlanmış ve değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelendiğinde, ankiloglossinin çocuklarda oluşturduğu fonksiyonel kısıtlılıkların derecesine göre cerrahi tedavilerin planlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte konvansiyonel cerrahi tedavi yaklaşımlarının oluşturduğu komplikasyonlar ile post-operatif rahatsızlıkları elimine etmek ve iyileşmeyi kolaylaştırmak amacıyla lazer önerilmektedir.
Sonuç: Ankiloglossiye bağlı gelişen fonksiyonel bozuklukların erken dönemde düzeltilebilmesi için cerrahi teknikler, rehabilitasyon egzersizleri ve hasta kooperasyonu önemlidir. Ankiloglossinin cerrahi tedavisinde lazer kullanımı ile operasyon sırasında genel/lokal anestezi, dikiş ihtiyacı azalır, operasyon sonrası ise analjezik ve/veya antiinflamatuar ilaç ihtiyacı azalır, hematom, iltihap, kanama azalarak daha iyi iyileşme sağlanabilir. Birçok avantajına rağmen, bu yöntem pahalı ekipman ve eğitimli personel gerektirdiği için klinik sınırlamaları bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ankiloglossi, dil bağı, lingual frenektomi

Kaynakça

1. Mills N, Geddes DT, Amirapu S, Mirjalili SA. Understanding the Lingual Frenulum: Histological Structure, Tissue Composition, and Implications for Tongue Tie Surgery. Int J Otolaryngol. 2020;2020:1-12.
2. Maria SC, Aby J, Truong M, Thakur Y. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What Is Normal?. Glob Pediatr Health. 2017;4:1-6.
3. Haham A, Marom R, Mangel L, Botzer E, Dollberg S. Prevalence of breastfeeding difficulties in newborns with a lingual frenulum: A prospective cohort series. Breastfeed Med. 2014;9(9):438-441.
4. Northcutt ME. The Lingual Frenum. J Clin Orthod. 2009;43(9):557-565.
5. Fiorotti RC, Bertolini MM, Nicola JH, Nicola EMD. Early lingual frenectomy assisted by CO2 laser helps prevention and treatment of functional alterations caused by ankyloglossia. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2004;30(1):64-71.
6. Placek M, Skach M, Mrklas L. Problems with the Lip Frenulum in Periodontology. I. Classification and Epidemiology of Tendons of the Lip Frenulum. Ceskoslovenska stomatologie. 1974;74(5):385-391.
7. Wallace AF. Tongue Tie. Lancet. 1963;282:377-378.
8. Jamilian A, Fattahi FH, Kootanayi NG. Ankyloglossia and tongue mobility. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014;15(1):33-35.
9. Kotlow L. Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie): A Diagnostic and Treatment Quandary. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(4):259-262.
10. Segal LM, Stephenson R, Dawes M, Feldman P. Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Ankyloglossia: Methodologic Review. Canadian Family Physician. 2007;53(6):1027-1033.
11. Kupietzky A, Botzer E. Ankyloglossia in the Infant and Young Child: Clinical Suggestions for Diagnosis and Management. Pediatric dentistry. 2005;27(1):40- 46.
12. Ballard JL, Auer CE, Khoury JC. Ankyloglossia: assessment, incidence, and effect of frenuloplasty on the breastfeeding dyad. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5).
13. Pola M, Garcia MG, Martin JMG, Gallas M, Leston JS. A Study of Pathology Associated with Short Lingual Frenum. Journal of dentistry for children. 2002;69(1):59-62.
14. De Felice C, Toti P, Di Maggio G, Parrini S, Bagnoli F. Absence of the Inferior Labial and Lingual Frenula in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. The Lancet. 2001;357(9267):1500-1502.
15. Patterson GT, Ramasastry SS, Davis JU. Macroglossia and ankyloglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;65(1):29-31.
16. Kantaputra PN, Paramee M, Kaewkhampa A, et al. Cleft lip with cleft palate, ankyloglossia, and hypodontia are associated with TBX22 mutations. J Dent Res. 2011;90(4):450-455.
17. Harris, E. F., Friend, G. W., & Tolley, E. A. (1992). Enhanced prevalence of ankyloglossia with maternal cocaine use. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(1), 72-76.
18. Grandi D. The” Interdisciplinary Orofacial Examination Protocol for Children and Adolescents”: A Resource for the Interdisciplinary Assessment of the Stomatognatic System. International Journal of Orofacial Myology. 2012;38:15- 26.
19. Martinelli RLC, Marchesan IQ, Berretin- Felix G. Martinelli, R.L.C.; Marchesan, I. Q.; Berretin-Felix, G.: Lingual Frenulum Protocol with Scores for Infants. The International Journal of Orofacial Myology , v. 38, p. 104-112, 2012. Int J Orofac Myol. 2012;38:104-112.
20. Yoon A, Zaghi S, Weitzman R, et al. Toward a functional definition of ankyloglossia: validating current grading scales for lingual frenulum length and tongue mobility in 1052 subjects. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(3):767-775.
21. Ferrés-Amat E, Pastor-Vera T, Ferrés- Amat E, Mareque-Bueno J, Prats-Armengol J, Ferrés-Padró E. Multidisciplinary management of ankyloglossia in childhood. Treatment of 101 cases. a protocol. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21(1):e39-e47.
22. Dollberg S, Botzer E, Grunis E, Mimouni FB. Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(9):1598- 1600.
23. Karabulut R, Sönmez K, Türkyilmaz Z, et al. Ankyloglossia and effects on breastfeeding, speech problems and mechanical/ social issues in children. B-ENT. 2008;4(2):81-85.
24. Manfro ARG, Manfro R, Bortoluzzi MC. Surgical treatment of ankyloglossia in babies - Case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(11):1130-1132.
25. Marina AJ, Cunha NNO, e Silva LLC, et al. Surgical techniques for the treatment of ankyloglossia in children: A case series. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22(3):241-248.
26. Masaitis NS, Kaempf JW. Developing a Frenotomy Policy at One Medical Center: A Case Study Approach. Journal of Human Lactation. 1996;12(3):229- 232.
27. Hogan M, Westcott C, Griffiths M. Randomized, controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41(5-6):246- 250.
28. Amir LH, James JP, Beatty J. Review of tongue-tie release at a tertiary maternity hospital. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41(5- 6):243-245.
29. Meenakshi S, Jagannathan N. Assessment of lingual frenulum lengths in skeletal malocclusion. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(3):202-204.
30. Suzart, D. D., & Carvalho, A. R. R. D. (2016). Speech disorders related to alterations of the lingual frenulum in schoolchildren. Revista CEFAC, 18, 1332- 1339.
31. Cuestas G, Demarchi V, Corvalán MPM, Razetti J, Boccio C. Surgical treatment of short lingual frenulum in children. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2014;112(6):567-570.
32. Ito Y, Shimizu T, Nakamura T, Takatama C. Effectiveness of tongue-tie division for speech disorder in children. Pediatr Int. 2015;57(2):222-226.
33. Sane VD, Pawar S, Modi S, et al. Is use of laser really essential for release of tonguetie? J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(3):e279-e80.
34. Ruffoli R, Giambelluca MA, Scavuzzo MC, et al. Ankyloglossia: A morphofunctional investigation in children. Oral Dis. 2005;11(3):170-174.
35. Saccomanno S, Antonini G, D’alatri L, D’angelantonio M, Fiorita A, Deli R. Causal relationship between malocclusion and oral muscles dysfunction: a model of approach. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2012;13(4):321- 323.
36. Suter VGA, Bornstein MM. Ankyloglossia: facts and myths in diagnosis and treatment. J Periodontol. 2009;80(8):1204-1219.
37. Miller Jr PD. Regenerative and reconstructive periodontal plastic surgery. Mucogingival Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 1988;32(2):287-306.
38. Rather SH, Bhat IA, Mir H. Surgical treatment of lingual frenectomy. Int J Med Sci Clin Res. 2022;4(1):20-23.
39. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, et al. Breastfeeding improve_ment following tongue-tie and lip-tie release: a prospective cohort study. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(5):1217-1223.
40. Barot VJ, Vishnoi SL, Chandran S, et al. Laser: the torch of freedom for ankyloglossia. Indian J Plast Surg. 2014;47(3): 418-422.
41. Heller J, Gabbay J, O’Hara C, et al. Improved ankyloglossia correction with four-flap Z-frenuloplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54(6):623-628.
42. Yousefi J, Tabrizian NF, Raisolsadat SM, et al. Tongue-tie repair: Z-plasty vs simple release. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;27(79):127-135.
43. Kim TH, Lee YC, Yoo SD, Lee SA, Eun YG. Comparison of simple frenotomy with 4-flap Z-frenuloplasty in treatment for ankyloglossia with articulation difficulty: a prospective randomized study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;136:110-146.
44. Nicoloso GF, dos Santos IS, Flores JA, et al. An alternative method to treat ankyloglossia. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 40(4):319-321.
45. Mezzapesa PP , Lepore G, Acella V, De Giglio N, Favia G. Clinical outcomes of diode laser treatment of ankyloglossia in children and young adults: a report of two cases. Cureus. 2020;12(3):1-5.
46. Komori S, Matsumoto K, Matsuo K, et al. Clinical study of laser treatment for frenectomy of pediatric patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;10(3):272-277.
47. Olivi G., Signore A., Olivi M. & Genovese, M. D. Lingual frenectomy: functional evaluation and new therapeutical approach. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(2):101-106.
48. Hand P., Olivi G., Lajolo C., Gioco G., Marigo L., Castagnola R. & Cordaro, M. Short lingual frenum in infants, children and adolescents. Part 1: Breastfeeding and gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement after tethered oral tissues release. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(4), 309-317.
49. Choi YS, Lim JS, Han KT, et al. Ankyloglossia correction: Z-plasty combined with genioglossus myotomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(6):2238-2240.

Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Özge Bektaş 0000-0002-6157-2534
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	18 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Bektaş Ö. Conventional and Current Treatment Approaches for Ankyloglossia. Aydin Dental Journal. 2023;9(1):71-84.

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