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SAĞLIK VE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN KESİŞİMİ OLARAK TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK DİPLOMASİSİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 452 - 466, 30.03.2023

Aziz Küçük

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1217166

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türk dış politikasında giderek yaygınlaşan bir yumuşak güç stratejisi haline gelen sağlık diplomasisinin araçlarını incelemeyi ve uygulama sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sağlık diplomasisi faaliyetleri, tarihsel bağlamı içerisinde örgütsel ve kurumsal veri ve dokümanlarla çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye jeopolitik, jeoekonomik ve jeostratejik önemlerinden ötürü Kafkasya, Balkanlar, Orta Doğu ve Afrika ülkeleri ile ikili ilişkilerini geliştirmek ve güçlendirmek için insani sağlık yardımlarını, diplomatik bir araç olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yurtdışında sağlık tesisleri inşa edilmesi, bilimsel işbirlikleri, yabancı öğrencilere burs verilmesi, tedavi amaçlı hasta getirilmesi, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının insani yardım faaliyetleri gibi araçlar; ülkeleri birbirine yakınlaştırma, diplomatik nüfuzu, bölgedeki olumlu imajı ve dini bağları güçlendirme yanında yeni pazar arayışlarına da hizmet etmektedir. Böylece sağlık, dış politika ve ticaret arasındaki ilişkinin kesişim alanı olan sağlık diplomasisi, Türkiye’nin dış politika hedeflerine ulaşmasında katalizör rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık diplomasisi dış politika medikal diplomasi insani yardım Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • ABDİGM (2022a), Sağlık ve Tıp Alanında İşbirliğine İlişkin Mevcut Devletlerarası Anlaşmalar, Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü, https://disab.saglik.gov.tr, April 8, 2022.
  • ABDİGM (2022b), İdari Faaliyet Raporu-2021, Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Abdulle, O.Y. (2019), Turkey’s Opening up Foreign Policy in Somalia, The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 7(87), s.456-472.
  • Altılı, R. (2020), Türk Dış Politikasının Bir Yumuşak Güç Aracı Olarak Sağlık Diplomasisi, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Beykent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Barona, J.L. (2015), The Rockefeller Foundation, Public Health and International Diplomacy, 1920-1945, New York: Routledge.
  • Bliss, K.E. (2011), Health Diplomacy of Foreign Governments, Washington, DC: CSIS.
  • Bourne, P.G. (1978), A Partnership for International Health Care, Public Health Reports, 93(2), s.114-123.
  • Chan, M., Støre, J.G. ve Kouchner, B. (‎2008)‎, Foreign Policy and Global Public Health: Working Together Towards Common Goals, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(‎7), s.498.
  • Drager, N. ve Fidler, D.P. (2007), Foreign Policy, Trade and Health: At The Cutting Edge of Global Health Diplomacy, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), s.162.
  • Dolatabadi, A.B. ve Kamrava, M. (2021a), Medical Diplomacy and Iranian Foreign Policy, Sociology of Islam, 9(1), s.1-17.
  • Dolatabadi, A.B. ve Kamrava, M. (2021b), The Covid-19 Pandemic and Iranian Health Diplomacy, Middle East Policy, 28(3-4), s.55-71.
  • Erdoğan, R.T. (2022), Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Hedefimiz, Arnavutluk ile ticaret hacmimizi 1 milyar dolar civarına çıkartmaktır, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-hedefimiz-arnavutluk-ile-ticaret-hacmimizi-1-milyar-dolar-civarina-cikartmaktir/2476221, January 17, 2022.
  • Erman, K. (2016), Sessiz ve Etkili: Küba’nın Tıp Diplomasisi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 12(48), s.77-94.
  • Fauci, A.S. (2007), The Expanding Global Health Agenda: A Welcome Development, Nature Medicine, 13(10), s.1169-1171.
  • Feinsilver J.M. (2010), Fifty Years of Cuba's Medical Diplomacy: From İdealism to Pragmatism, Cuban Studies, 41, s.85-104.
  • Fidler, D.P. (2005), Health as Foreign Policy: Between Principle and Power, The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 5(25), s.179-194.
  • Gayard, N. (2019), Health as Niche Diplomacy: Assessing Design and Practices of Brazilian Health Diplomacy at The Beginning of the 21st Century, Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 62(1), s.1-19.
  • James, T.C. ve Bhatnagar, A. (2019), Together towards a Healthy Future: India’s Partnerships in Healthcare. Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi.
  • Katz, R., Kornblet, S., Arnold, G., Lief, E. ve Fischer, J.E. (2011), Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization, The Milbank quarterly, 89(3), s.503-523.
  • Khazatzadeh-Mahani, A., Ruckert, A. ve Labonte, R. (2018), “Global Health Diplomacy”, in C. McInnes, K. Lee, and J. Youde (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kickbusch, I., Silberschmidt G. ve Buss, P. (2007), Global Health Diplomacy: The Need for New Perspectives, Strategic Approaches, and Skills in Global Health, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), s.230-232.
  • Kickbusch I. (2011), Global Health Diplomacy: How Foreign Policy Can Influence Health, BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 342, d3154.
  • Killeen, O.J., Davis, A., Tucker, J.D. ve Meier, B.M. (2018), Chinese Global Health Diplomacy in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges, Global health governance: the scholarly journal for the new health security paradigm, 12(2), s.4-29.
  • Küçük, A. (2019), “Türkiye’de Sağlık Turizmi Politikası”, in T. Avaner ve R. Fedai (Eds.), Türkiye’de Sağlık Yönetimi, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, s.291-311.
  • Labonté, R. ve Gagnon, M.L. (2010), Framing Health and Foreign Policy: Lessons for Global Health Diplomacy, Global Health, 22(14), s.1-19.
  • Lee, S.T. (2021), Vaccine Diplomacy: Nation Branding and China’s COVID-19 Soft Power Play, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, s.1-15.
  • Lee, K. ve Gómez, E.J. (2011), Brazil’s Ascendance: The Soft Power Role of Global Health Diplomacy, European Business Review, January-February, s.61-64.
  • Ministry of Health (2007), Sudan Kalakla Türk Hastanesi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Bakanlık Yayın No: 724, Ankara.
  • Ministry of Health (2008), Juba Eğitim Hastanesi, Dış İlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Mol, R., Singh, B., Chattu, V.K., Kaur, J. ve Singh, B. (2022), India’s Health Diplomacy as a Soft Power Tool towards Africa: Humanitarian and Geopolitical Analysis, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 57(6), s.1109-1125.
  • OECD (2022), Detailed aid statistics: Official bilateral commitments by sector, OECD International Development Statistics (database), https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00073-en, April 29, 2022.
  • Oğuz, E. (2022), Orta Asya'nın Asi Cumhuriyeti: Kırgızistan, Independent Türkçe, https://www.independentturkish.com/node/455516/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yedensesler/orta-asyan%C4 % B1n-asi-cumhuriyeti-k%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan, January 4, 2022.
  • SBÜ (2022), Genel Bilgiler, https://www.sbu.edu.tr/tr/universitemiz/kurumsal-bilgilerimiz/genel-bilgiler, May 2, 2022.
  • Shajalal, M., Xu, J., Jing, J., King, M., Zhang, J., Wang, P., Bouey J. ve Cheng F. (2017), China's Engagement With Development Assistance for Health in Africa, Global health research and policy, 2(24), s.2-9.
  • Sosthene, E. (2019), Sağlık Diplomasisi ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Taghizade, S., Chattu, V.K., Jaafaripooyan E. ve Kevany, S. (2021), COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy, Frontiers in Public Health, 9, s.1-9.
  • TİKA (2021), Türkiye Kalkınma Yardımları Raporu 2020, Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı, Ankara.
  • TİKA (2022), TİKA 2021 Yılı İdare Faaliyet Raporu, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı, Ankara.
  • TÜİK (2022), Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=dis-ticaret-104, April 11, 2022.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services (2022), Office of Global Affairs, US Government, https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/oga/index.html, May 11, 2022.
  • Youde, J. (2010), China's Health Diplomacy in Africa, China: An International Journal, 8(1), s.151-163.
  • YÖK (2022), İstatistikler, Öğrenci İstatistikleri, Uyruğuna Göre Öğrenci Sayıları, https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/, May 7, 2022.
  • WHO (2014), Policy Brief Health Diplomacy, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Policy_Brief_2014_EN_ 15340.pdf?ua=1&ua=1, March 14, 2014.

HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 452 - 466, 30.03.2023

Aziz Küçük

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1217166

Öz

This study aims to examine the tools of health diplomacy, which has become an increasingly widespread soft power strategy in Turkish foreign policy, and to evaluate the results of its implementation. Health diplomacy activities were tried to be analyzed by organisational and institutional data and documents within their historical context. Due to its geopolitical, geoeconomic and geostrategic importance, Turkey uses humanitarian health aid as a diplomatic tool to develop and strengthen its bilateral relations with the countries of the Caucasus, the Balkans, the Middle East and Africa. In this context, medical diplomacy tools such as establishing of health facilities abroad, scientific collaborations, granting scholarships to foreign students in medical sciences, providing direct medical care, humanitarian aid activities of non-governmental organizations; it serves to bringing countries closer together, strengthening diplomatic influence, positive image and religious ties in the region, and also searching for new markets. Thus, health diplomacy, which is the interface of the relationship between health, foreign policy and trade, plays a catalytic role in achieving Turkey's foreign policy goals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

health diplomacy foreign policy medical diplomacy humanitarian assistance Turkey

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • ABDİGM (2022a), Sağlık ve Tıp Alanında İşbirliğine İlişkin Mevcut Devletlerarası Anlaşmalar, Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü, https://disab.saglik.gov.tr, April 8, 2022.
  • ABDİGM (2022b), İdari Faaliyet Raporu-2021, Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Abdulle, O.Y. (2019), Turkey’s Opening up Foreign Policy in Somalia, The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 7(87), s.456-472.
  • Altılı, R. (2020), Türk Dış Politikasının Bir Yumuşak Güç Aracı Olarak Sağlık Diplomasisi, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Beykent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Barona, J.L. (2015), The Rockefeller Foundation, Public Health and International Diplomacy, 1920-1945, New York: Routledge.
  • Bliss, K.E. (2011), Health Diplomacy of Foreign Governments, Washington, DC: CSIS.
  • Bourne, P.G. (1978), A Partnership for International Health Care, Public Health Reports, 93(2), s.114-123.
  • Chan, M., Støre, J.G. ve Kouchner, B. (‎2008)‎, Foreign Policy and Global Public Health: Working Together Towards Common Goals, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(‎7), s.498.
  • Drager, N. ve Fidler, D.P. (2007), Foreign Policy, Trade and Health: At The Cutting Edge of Global Health Diplomacy, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), s.162.
  • Dolatabadi, A.B. ve Kamrava, M. (2021a), Medical Diplomacy and Iranian Foreign Policy, Sociology of Islam, 9(1), s.1-17.
  • Dolatabadi, A.B. ve Kamrava, M. (2021b), The Covid-19 Pandemic and Iranian Health Diplomacy, Middle East Policy, 28(3-4), s.55-71.
  • Erdoğan, R.T. (2022), Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Hedefimiz, Arnavutluk ile ticaret hacmimizi 1 milyar dolar civarına çıkartmaktır, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-hedefimiz-arnavutluk-ile-ticaret-hacmimizi-1-milyar-dolar-civarina-cikartmaktir/2476221, January 17, 2022.
  • Erman, K. (2016), Sessiz ve Etkili: Küba’nın Tıp Diplomasisi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 12(48), s.77-94.
  • Fauci, A.S. (2007), The Expanding Global Health Agenda: A Welcome Development, Nature Medicine, 13(10), s.1169-1171.
  • Feinsilver J.M. (2010), Fifty Years of Cuba's Medical Diplomacy: From İdealism to Pragmatism, Cuban Studies, 41, s.85-104.
  • Fidler, D.P. (2005), Health as Foreign Policy: Between Principle and Power, The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 5(25), s.179-194.
  • Gayard, N. (2019), Health as Niche Diplomacy: Assessing Design and Practices of Brazilian Health Diplomacy at The Beginning of the 21st Century, Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 62(1), s.1-19.
  • James, T.C. ve Bhatnagar, A. (2019), Together towards a Healthy Future: India’s Partnerships in Healthcare. Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi.
  • Katz, R., Kornblet, S., Arnold, G., Lief, E. ve Fischer, J.E. (2011), Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization, The Milbank quarterly, 89(3), s.503-523.
  • Khazatzadeh-Mahani, A., Ruckert, A. ve Labonte, R. (2018), “Global Health Diplomacy”, in C. McInnes, K. Lee, and J. Youde (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kickbusch, I., Silberschmidt G. ve Buss, P. (2007), Global Health Diplomacy: The Need for New Perspectives, Strategic Approaches, and Skills in Global Health, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), s.230-232.
  • Kickbusch I. (2011), Global Health Diplomacy: How Foreign Policy Can Influence Health, BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 342, d3154.
  • Killeen, O.J., Davis, A., Tucker, J.D. ve Meier, B.M. (2018), Chinese Global Health Diplomacy in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges, Global health governance: the scholarly journal for the new health security paradigm, 12(2), s.4-29.
  • Küçük, A. (2019), “Türkiye’de Sağlık Turizmi Politikası”, in T. Avaner ve R. Fedai (Eds.), Türkiye’de Sağlık Yönetimi, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, s.291-311.
  • Labonté, R. ve Gagnon, M.L. (2010), Framing Health and Foreign Policy: Lessons for Global Health Diplomacy, Global Health, 22(14), s.1-19.
  • Lee, S.T. (2021), Vaccine Diplomacy: Nation Branding and China’s COVID-19 Soft Power Play, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, s.1-15.
  • Lee, K. ve Gómez, E.J. (2011), Brazil’s Ascendance: The Soft Power Role of Global Health Diplomacy, European Business Review, January-February, s.61-64.
  • Ministry of Health (2007), Sudan Kalakla Türk Hastanesi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Bakanlık Yayın No: 724, Ankara.
  • Ministry of Health (2008), Juba Eğitim Hastanesi, Dış İlişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Mol, R., Singh, B., Chattu, V.K., Kaur, J. ve Singh, B. (2022), India’s Health Diplomacy as a Soft Power Tool towards Africa: Humanitarian and Geopolitical Analysis, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 57(6), s.1109-1125.
  • OECD (2022), Detailed aid statistics: Official bilateral commitments by sector, OECD International Development Statistics (database), https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00073-en, April 29, 2022.
  • Oğuz, E. (2022), Orta Asya'nın Asi Cumhuriyeti: Kırgızistan, Independent Türkçe, https://www.independentturkish.com/node/455516/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yedensesler/orta-asyan%C4 % B1n-asi-cumhuriyeti-k%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan, January 4, 2022.
  • SBÜ (2022), Genel Bilgiler, https://www.sbu.edu.tr/tr/universitemiz/kurumsal-bilgilerimiz/genel-bilgiler, May 2, 2022.
  • Shajalal, M., Xu, J., Jing, J., King, M., Zhang, J., Wang, P., Bouey J. ve Cheng F. (2017), China's Engagement With Development Assistance for Health in Africa, Global health research and policy, 2(24), s.2-9.
  • Sosthene, E. (2019), Sağlık Diplomasisi ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Taghizade, S., Chattu, V.K., Jaafaripooyan E. ve Kevany, S. (2021), COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy, Frontiers in Public Health, 9, s.1-9.
  • TİKA (2021), Türkiye Kalkınma Yardımları Raporu 2020, Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı, Ankara.
  • TİKA (2022), TİKA 2021 Yılı İdare Faaliyet Raporu, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı, Ankara.
  • TÜİK (2022), Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=dis-ticaret-104, April 11, 2022.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services (2022), Office of Global Affairs, US Government, https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/oga/index.html, May 11, 2022.
  • Youde, J. (2010), China's Health Diplomacy in Africa, China: An International Journal, 8(1), s.151-163.
  • YÖK (2022), İstatistikler, Öğrenci İstatistikleri, Uyruğuna Göre Öğrenci Sayıları, https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/, May 7, 2022.
  • WHO (2014), Policy Brief Health Diplomacy, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Policy_Brief_2014_EN_ 15340.pdf?ua=1&ua=1, March 14, 2014.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Aziz Küçük 0000-0002-1296-4726

Proje Numarası yok
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçük, A. (2023). HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 452-466. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1217166
AMA Küçük A. HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY. ASBİ. Mart 2023;23(1):452-466. doi:10.11616/asbi.1217166
Chicago Küçük, Aziz. “HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23, sy. 1 (Mart 2023): 452-66. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1217166.
EndNote Küçük A (01 Mart 2023) HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23 1 452–466.
IEEE A. Küçük, “HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY”, ASBİ, c. 23, sy. 1, ss. 452–466, 2023, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1217166.
ISNAD Küçük, Aziz. “HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23/1 (Mart 2023), 452-466. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1217166.
JAMA Küçük A. HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY. ASBİ. 2023;23:452–466.
MLA Küçük, Aziz. “HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 452-66, doi:10.11616/asbi.1217166.
Vancouver Küçük A. HEALTH DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY AS THE INTERFACE OF HEALTH AND FOREIGN POLICY. ASBİ. 2023;23(1):452-66.
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