Araştırma Makalesi
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A COMPARISON OF THE PERCENTAGE UTILIZATION LEVELS OF HEART RATE IN SUPER LEAGUE AND REGIONAL AMATEUR LEAGUE FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 314 - 324, 01.01.2024

Öz

The aim of this study was to compare the percentage levels of heart rate utilization between players in the Regional Amateur League and the Turkish Super League. A total of 49 players participated in the research, including 29 from the Turkish Super League and 20 from the Regional Amateur League. The Polar Team2 wearable athlete tracking system was used for real-time heart rate monitoring. The Yo-Yo IR1 intermittent recovery test was applied to the research group to determine heart rate levels and utilization percentages. T-Test for independent samples was used to compare means between groups. All analyses were performed using the SPSS 26.0 package program. The effect size of the study was determined as 0.80, research power as 0.80, and margin of error as 0.05. While the maximum heart rates and calories expended, as well as the 2nd zone heart rates and 4th zone heart rates, showed similarity between players in the Regional Amateur League and the Super League (p>0.05), there were differences observed in the lowest heart rate, average heart rate, maximum heart rate, 1st zone heart rate, 3rd zone heart rate, and 5th zone heart rate values between players in the Regional Amateur League and the Super League (p<0.05). In conclusion, in terms of heart rate utilization and averages, high-level players exhibit a more balanced use of heart rate. As the intensity increases, lower-level players are predicted to reach maximum levels of heart rate utilization and consequently deplete their energy faster during matches.

Kaynakça

  • Inklaar H. (1994). Soccer injuries: I: incidence and severity. Sports Medicine. 18, 55-73.
  • Tumilty D. (1993). Physiological characteristics of elite soccer players. Sports Medicine. 16, 80-96.
  • Casanova F, Garganta J, Silva G. (2013). Effects of prolonged intermittent exercise on perceptual-cognitive processes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 45, 1610-1617.
  • Stølen T, Chamari K, Castagna C. (2005). Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine. 35, 501-536.
  • Bangsbo J,Michalsik L. (2002). Assessment of the physiological capacity of elite soccer players. Science and Football. 4, 53-62.
  • Bangsbo J. (1994) Energy demands in competitive soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences. 12, 5-12.
  • McMillan K, Helgerud J, Grant S. (2005). Lactate threshold responses to a season of professional British youth soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 432-436.
  • Bangsbo J, Nørregaard L,Thorsø F. (1991). Activity profile of competition soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences. 16, 110-116.
  • Ekblom B. (1986). Applied physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine. 3, 50-60.
  • Wisloeff U, Helgerud J,Hoff J. (1998). Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 30, 462-467.
  • Leger LA,Lambert J. (1982). A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict O2 max. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 49, 1-12.
  • Passelergue PA, Cormery B, Lac G. (2006). Utility of the Conconi's heart rate deflection to monitor the intensity of aerobic training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research; 20: 88-94.
  • Mohr M, Bangsbo J. (2001). Development of fatigue towards the end of a high level soccer match. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33(5), 160.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T. (2003). The yo-yo intermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability, and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 35, 697-705.
  • Bangsbo J. (1994). The physiology of soccer with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum. 619, 1-155.
  • Rampinini E, Bishop D, Marcora S. (2007). Validity of simple field tests as indicators of match-related physical performance in top-level professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 28, 228-235.
  • Markovic G, Mikulic P. (2011). Discriminative ability of the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (Level 1) in prospective young soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 25, 2931-2934.
  • Ehlert AM, Cone JR, Wideman L. (2019). Evaluation of a goalkeeper-specific adaptation to the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1: Reliability and variability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 33, 819-824.
  • Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36, 278-285.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. (2006). The Yo-Yo IR2 test: Physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise. 38, 1666-1673.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 41, 1149-1160.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. (2006). The Yo-Yo IR2 test: physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise; 38, 1666-1673.
  • Sánchez-García M, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Fernández A. (2018). Relationships between sprint ability and endurance capacity in soccer referees. Sports. 6(2), 28.
  • IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS. Statistics for windows V. Armonk, NY.
  • Diker G, Hüseyin Ö,Sevim K. (2011). Genç futbolcularda sabit alanda, kontrol pas ve serbest oyun ile oynanan 4* 4 küçük saha alıştırmalarının kalp atım hızı ve topla buluşma sayısı üzerine etkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 9, 105-110.
  • Verges S, Flore P, Laplaud D. (2006). Laboratory running test vs. field roller skiing test in cross-country skiers: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 27, 307-313.
  • Bangsbo J. (2004). Fitness training in soccer: a scientific approach. Reedswain Inc.
  • Bradley PS, Mohr M, Bendiksen M. (2011). Sub-maximal and maximal Yo–Yo intermittent endurance test level 2: Heart rate response, reproducibility and application to elite soccer. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111, 969-978.
  • Özkamçı H, Diker G, Zileli R. (2018). Elit futbolcularda farkli test protokolleri ile maksimum kalp atim hizi değerlerinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 9, 127-135.
  • Serin E, Taşkın H. (2016). Anaerobik dayanıklılık ile dikey sıçrama arasındaki ilişki. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 7, 37-43.
  • Çiçek Ş, Batchev V, Bizati Ö. (2004). Profesyonel futbolcuların maç esnasında kalp atım hızı değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 9, 59-66.
  • Rebelo A, Brito J, Seabra A. (2014). Physical match performance of youth football players in relation to physical capacity. European Journal of Sport Science. 14,148-156.
  • Ingebrigtsen J, Bendiksen M, Randers MB. (2012). Yo-Yo IR2 testing of elite and sub-elite soccer players: Performance, heart rate response and correlations to other interval tests. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30, 1337-1345.
  • Edis AŞ, Hazır T, Şahin Z. (2007). Genç futbol oyuncularında saha ve laboratuvar koşullarında submaksimal ve maksimal egzersiz şiddetlerine verilen fizyolojik cevaplar. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 18, 57-67.
  • Bağış YE, Kumartaşlı M. (2017). Investigating the heart rate and oxygen saturation values of u13 category footballers at competition occasion who stand in different uphill cities. Farklı yükseltideki illerde bulunan U13 kategorisi futbolcuların müsabaka ortamında nabız ve oksijen saturasyon değerlerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences. 14, 1975-1982.
  • Alemdaroğlu U, Dündar U, Köklü Y. (2010). Futbolcuların lig seviyelerine ve mevkilerine göre conconi test sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 5, 15-20.

SÜPER LİG VE BÖLGESEL AMATÖR LİG FUTBOLCULARININ KALP ATIM HIZLARINI YÜZDESEL OLARAK KULLANMA DÜZEYLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 314 - 324, 01.01.2024

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bölgesel Amatör Lig ve Türkiye Süper Lig'indeki futbolcular arasında kalp atış hızı kullanım yüzdelerini karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya toplam 49 futbolcu katılmıştır. Futbolcuların 29'u Türkiye Süper Liginde, 20'si ise Bölgesel Amatör Liginde oynamaktadır. Gerçek zamanlı kalp atış hızı izleme için Polar Team2 giyilebilir sporcu takip sistemi kullanıldı. Araştırma grubuna kalp atış hızı seviyelerini ve kullanım yüzdelerini belirlemek için Yo-Yo IR1 aralıklı iyileşme testi uygulandı. Gruplar arasında ortalamaları karşılaştırmak için bağımsız örneklem T-Testi kullanıldı. Tüm analizler SPSS 26.0 paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmanın etki büyüklüğü 0.80, araştırma gücü 0.80 ve hata payı 0.05 olarak belirlendi. Maksimum kalp atış hızları ve harcanan kaloriler, aynı zamanda 2. bölge kalp atış hızları ve 4. bölge kalp atış hızları, Bölgesel Amatör Lig ve Süper Lig'deki oyuncular arasında benzerlik gösterdi (p>0.05). Ancak en düşük kalp atış hızı, ortalama kalp atış hızı, maksimum kalp atış hızı, 1. bölge kalp atış hızı, 3. bölge kalp atış hızı ve 5. bölge kalp atış hızı değerleri arasında oyuncular arasında farklılıklar gözlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, kalp atış hızı kullanımı ve ortalamaları açısından, yüksek seviyeli oyuncular daha dengeli bir kalp atış hızı kullanımı sergiler. Yoğunluk arttıkça, düşük seviyeli oyuncuların maç sırasında maksimum kalp atış hızı kullanım seviyelerine ulaşması ve dolayısıyla enerjilerini daha hızlı tüketmeleri beklenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Inklaar H. (1994). Soccer injuries: I: incidence and severity. Sports Medicine. 18, 55-73.
  • Tumilty D. (1993). Physiological characteristics of elite soccer players. Sports Medicine. 16, 80-96.
  • Casanova F, Garganta J, Silva G. (2013). Effects of prolonged intermittent exercise on perceptual-cognitive processes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 45, 1610-1617.
  • Stølen T, Chamari K, Castagna C. (2005). Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine. 35, 501-536.
  • Bangsbo J,Michalsik L. (2002). Assessment of the physiological capacity of elite soccer players. Science and Football. 4, 53-62.
  • Bangsbo J. (1994) Energy demands in competitive soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences. 12, 5-12.
  • McMillan K, Helgerud J, Grant S. (2005). Lactate threshold responses to a season of professional British youth soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 432-436.
  • Bangsbo J, Nørregaard L,Thorsø F. (1991). Activity profile of competition soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences. 16, 110-116.
  • Ekblom B. (1986). Applied physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine. 3, 50-60.
  • Wisloeff U, Helgerud J,Hoff J. (1998). Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 30, 462-467.
  • Leger LA,Lambert J. (1982). A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict O2 max. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 49, 1-12.
  • Passelergue PA, Cormery B, Lac G. (2006). Utility of the Conconi's heart rate deflection to monitor the intensity of aerobic training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research; 20: 88-94.
  • Mohr M, Bangsbo J. (2001). Development of fatigue towards the end of a high level soccer match. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33(5), 160.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T. (2003). The yo-yo intermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability, and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 35, 697-705.
  • Bangsbo J. (1994). The physiology of soccer with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum. 619, 1-155.
  • Rampinini E, Bishop D, Marcora S. (2007). Validity of simple field tests as indicators of match-related physical performance in top-level professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 28, 228-235.
  • Markovic G, Mikulic P. (2011). Discriminative ability of the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (Level 1) in prospective young soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 25, 2931-2934.
  • Ehlert AM, Cone JR, Wideman L. (2019). Evaluation of a goalkeeper-specific adaptation to the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1: Reliability and variability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 33, 819-824.
  • Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36, 278-285.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. (2006). The Yo-Yo IR2 test: Physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise. 38, 1666-1673.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 41, 1149-1160.
  • Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. (2006). The Yo-Yo IR2 test: physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise; 38, 1666-1673.
  • Sánchez-García M, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Fernández A. (2018). Relationships between sprint ability and endurance capacity in soccer referees. Sports. 6(2), 28.
  • IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS. Statistics for windows V. Armonk, NY.
  • Diker G, Hüseyin Ö,Sevim K. (2011). Genç futbolcularda sabit alanda, kontrol pas ve serbest oyun ile oynanan 4* 4 küçük saha alıştırmalarının kalp atım hızı ve topla buluşma sayısı üzerine etkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 9, 105-110.
  • Verges S, Flore P, Laplaud D. (2006). Laboratory running test vs. field roller skiing test in cross-country skiers: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 27, 307-313.
  • Bangsbo J. (2004). Fitness training in soccer: a scientific approach. Reedswain Inc.
  • Bradley PS, Mohr M, Bendiksen M. (2011). Sub-maximal and maximal Yo–Yo intermittent endurance test level 2: Heart rate response, reproducibility and application to elite soccer. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111, 969-978.
  • Özkamçı H, Diker G, Zileli R. (2018). Elit futbolcularda farkli test protokolleri ile maksimum kalp atim hizi değerlerinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 9, 127-135.
  • Serin E, Taşkın H. (2016). Anaerobik dayanıklılık ile dikey sıçrama arasındaki ilişki. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 7, 37-43.
  • Çiçek Ş, Batchev V, Bizati Ö. (2004). Profesyonel futbolcuların maç esnasında kalp atım hızı değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 9, 59-66.
  • Rebelo A, Brito J, Seabra A. (2014). Physical match performance of youth football players in relation to physical capacity. European Journal of Sport Science. 14,148-156.
  • Ingebrigtsen J, Bendiksen M, Randers MB. (2012). Yo-Yo IR2 testing of elite and sub-elite soccer players: Performance, heart rate response and correlations to other interval tests. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30, 1337-1345.
  • Edis AŞ, Hazır T, Şahin Z. (2007). Genç futbol oyuncularında saha ve laboratuvar koşullarında submaksimal ve maksimal egzersiz şiddetlerine verilen fizyolojik cevaplar. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 18, 57-67.
  • Bağış YE, Kumartaşlı M. (2017). Investigating the heart rate and oxygen saturation values of u13 category footballers at competition occasion who stand in different uphill cities. Farklı yükseltideki illerde bulunan U13 kategorisi futbolcuların müsabaka ortamında nabız ve oksijen saturasyon değerlerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences. 14, 1975-1982.
  • Alemdaroğlu U, Dündar U, Köklü Y. (2010). Futbolcuların lig seviyelerine ve mevkilerine göre conconi test sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 5, 15-20.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Keleş 0000-0001-7513-4474

Selman Kaya 0000-0002-2185-6436

Gökhan Deliceoğlu 0000-0001-8650-3538

Erkan Tortu 0000-0003-2816-9994

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Keleş, A., Kaya, S., Deliceoğlu, G., Tortu, E. (2024). A COMPARISON OF THE PERCENTAGE UTILIZATION LEVELS OF HEART RATE IN SUPER LEAGUE AND REGIONAL AMATEUR LEAGUE FOOTBALL PLAYERS. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 314-324.

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