EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF AN 8-WEEK PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON SPRINT SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN MALE SWIMMERS AGED 9-12 YEARS
Öz
The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of combining plyometric exercises with swimming exercises on the sprint swimming performance of male swimmers aged 9–12 over an 8-week period. 20 athletes participated in the study voluntarily, but 2 athletes voluntarily left the study during the testing phase. Participants were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 9) and the control group (n = 9). The study group underwent 3 weeks of general strength training as part of their weekly training programme to adapt before starting plyometric training. After the adaptation period, the group continued with plyometric training for 8 weeks, in addition to their weekly training programme. Plyometric training was applied at 72-hour intervals, twice a week, and was integrated into the first hour of the 2-hour training session. The control group only continued their weekly training. The SPSS 22 package programme for Windows was used to evaluate the data. In the study, independent sample t-tests and paired sample t-tests were used to determine the differences between the tests. 25- and 50-m freestyle swimming performance measurements were taken from swimmers before and after 8 weeks of plyometric training. After the 8-week training period, a significant difference was observed in the 25- and 50-m freestyle swimming performances of the athletes in the study group who incorporated plyometric exercises into their swimming training. No significant difference was found in the 25- and 50-m freestyle swimming performances of the control group athletes who only underwent swimming training. The results obtained from this study showed that plyometric exercise improved sprint swimming performance in pre-adolescent male swimmers. In light of this information, future studies can investigate the effects of different strength training programmes on performance in pre-adolescent swimmers
Kaynakça
- Häkkinen K., Alen, M., Komi, PV. (1985). Changes in isometric force‐and relaxation‐time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 125(4), 573-585.
- Pezzullo DJ., Karas S., Irrgang JJ. (1995). Functional plyometric exercises for the throwing athlete. Journal of Athletic Training. 30(1), 22-26.
- Carter AB., Kaminski TW., Douex Jr AT., Knight CA., Richards JG. (2007). Effects of high volume upper extremity plyometric training on throwing velocity and functional strength ratios of the shoulder rotators in collegiate baseball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 21(1), 208-215.
- Lee HM., Oh S., Kwon JW. (2020). Effect of plyometric versus ankle stability exercises on lower limb biomechanics in taekwondo demonstration athletes with functional ankle instability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(10), 3665-3674.
- Arazi H., Eston R., Asadi A., Roozbeh B., Saati Zarei A. (2016). Type of ground surface during plyometric training affects the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports. 4(1), 15-26.
- Impellizzeri FM., Rampinini E., Castagna C., Martino F., Fiorini S., Wisloff U. (2008). Effect of plyometric training on sand versus grass on muscle soreness and jumping and sprinting ability in soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 42(1), 42-46.
- Lännerström J., Nilsson LC., Cardinale DA., Björklund, G., Larsen FJ. (2021). Effects of plyometric training on soft and hard surfaces for improving running economy. Journal of Human Kinetics. 79(1), 187-196.
- Fone L., Van den Tillaar R. (2022). Effect of different types of strength training on swimming performance in competitive swimmers: a systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open. 8(1), 19-44.
- Ilkım E. (2019). Bireylerin yüzme sporunu tercih etmelerinin nedenleri (Malatya ili örneği). Yüksek lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
- Amara S., Crowley E., Sammoud S., Negra Y., Hammami R., Chortane OG., Khalifa R., Chortane SG., van den Tillaar R. (2021). What is the optimal strength training load to improve swimming performance? A randomized trial of male competitive swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(22), 11770-11779.
- Guo W., Soh KG., Zakaria NS., Hidayat Baharuldin MT., Gao Y. (2022). Effect of resistance training methods and intensity on the adolescent swimmer's performance: a systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health. 10, 840490.
- Rebutini VZ., Pereira G., Bohrer RC., Ugrinowitsch C., Rodacki AL. (2016). Plyometric long jump training with progressive loading improves kinetic and kinematic swimming start parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30(9), 2392-2398.
- Born DP., Stöggl T., Petrov A., Burkhardt D., Lüthy F., Romann M. (2020). Analysis of freestyle swimming sprint start performance after maximal strength or vertical jump training in competitive female and male junior swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 34(2), 323-331.
- García-Ramos A., Padial P., de la Fuente B., Argüelles-Cienfuegos J., Bonitch-Góngora J., Feriche B. (2016). Relationship between vertical jump height and swimming start performance before and after an altitude training camp. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30(6), 1638-1645.
- Amara S., Barbosa TM., Negra Y., Hammami R., Khalifa R., Chortane SG. (2021). The effect of concurrent resistance training on upper body strength, sprint swimming performance and kinematics in competitive adolescent swimmers. a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(19), 1-13.
- Sammoud S., Negra Y., Chaabene H., Bouguezzi R., Moran J., Granacher U. (2019). The effects of plyometric jump training on jumping and swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 18(4), 805-811.
- Sammoud S., Negra Y., Bouguezzi R., Hachana Y., Granacher U., Chaabene H. (2021). The effects of plyometric jump training on jump and sport-specific performances in prepubertal female swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 19(1), 25-31.
- Cossor JM., Blanksby BA., Elliott BC. (1999). The influence of plyometric training on the freestyle tumble turn. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2(2), 106-116.
- Potdevin FJ., Alberty ME., Chevutschi A., Pelayo P., Sidney MC. (2011). Effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on performances in pubescent swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 25(1), 80-86.
- Amaro NM., Marinho DA., Marques MC., Batalha NP., Morouço PG. (2017). Effects of dry-land strength and conditioning programs in age group swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 31(9), 2447-2454.
- Lopes TJ., Neiva HP., Gonçalves CA., Nunes C., Marinho DA. (2021). The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 19(1), 32-39.
- Hermosilla F., Sanders R., González-Mohíno F., Yustres I., González-Rave JM. (2021). Effects of dry-land training programs on swimming turn performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(17), 9340.
- Yiğit G. (2019). 10-13 yaş gurubu ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanan pliometrik antrenman metodunun 15 m, 25 m ve 50 m serbest stil yüzme süreleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bartın Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Bartın.
- Apaydın C. (2022). 10-13 Yaş arası yüzücülerde pliometrik ve kor antrenmanlarının anaerobik ve sprint yüzme performansına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ordu.
- Ramirez-Campillo R., Perez-Castilla A., Thapa RK., Afonso J., Clemente FM., Juan CC., Saéz de Villarreal E., Chaabene H. (2022). Effects of plyometric jump training on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance of water sports athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine Open. 8(108), 1-27.
9-12 YAŞ ERKEK YÜZÜCÜLERDE 8 HAFTALIK PLİOMETRİK ANTRENMANIN SPRİNT YÜZME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı; 9-12 yaş arası erkek yüzücülerde, 8 hafta boyunca, yüzme egzersizine ek olarak kombine bir şekilde uygulanan pliometrik egzersizin, sprint yüzme performansı üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya 20 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar deney grubu (n: 9) ve kontrol grubu (n: 9) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmışlardır. Deney grubuna pliometrik egzersiz öncesi adaptasyon için haftalık antrenman programına ek olarak 3 haftalık genel kuvvet egzersizi uygulandıktan sonra 8 hafta boyunca haftalık antrenman programına ek olarak pliometrik egzersiz yaptırılmıştır. Pliometrik egzersiz 72 saat aralıklarla ve haftada 2 gün olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Pliometrik egzersizler 2 saatlik antrenman seansının ilk saatine entegre edilerek uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubu yalnızca haftalık antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. Yüzücülere 8 haftalık pliometrik egzersiz öncesi ve sonrası 25 m ve 50 m serbest stil yüzme performans ölçümü uygulanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Windows için SPSS 22 paket program kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada testler arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi amacıyla bağımsız örneklem t testi ve eşleştirilmiş örneklem t testi analizi kullanılmıştır Yapılan 8 haftalık antrenman periyodu sonrasında; yüzme antrenmanına entegre edilmiş bir şekilde pliometrik egzersiz uygulayan, deney grubu sporcularının, 25 m serbest stil yüzme ve 50 m serbest stil yüzme performanslarında gelişme gözlemlenmiştir. Yalnızca yüzme antrenmanı uygulayan kontrol grubu sporcularının ise, 25 m serbest stil yüzme ve 50 m serbest stil yüzme performanslarında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ergenlik öncesi dönemdeki erkek yüzücülerde pliometrik egzersizin sprint yüzme performansını geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalarda; ergenlik öncesi dönemdeki yüzücüler üzerinde farklı kuvvet antrenmanlarının, yüzücülerin performansı üzerine etkileri araştırılabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Plyometric training combined training sprint swimming pre-adolescence
Kaynakça
- Häkkinen K., Alen, M., Komi, PV. (1985). Changes in isometric force‐and relaxation‐time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 125(4), 573-585.
- Pezzullo DJ., Karas S., Irrgang JJ. (1995). Functional plyometric exercises for the throwing athlete. Journal of Athletic Training. 30(1), 22-26.
- Carter AB., Kaminski TW., Douex Jr AT., Knight CA., Richards JG. (2007). Effects of high volume upper extremity plyometric training on throwing velocity and functional strength ratios of the shoulder rotators in collegiate baseball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 21(1), 208-215.
- Lee HM., Oh S., Kwon JW. (2020). Effect of plyometric versus ankle stability exercises on lower limb biomechanics in taekwondo demonstration athletes with functional ankle instability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(10), 3665-3674.
- Arazi H., Eston R., Asadi A., Roozbeh B., Saati Zarei A. (2016). Type of ground surface during plyometric training affects the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports. 4(1), 15-26.
- Impellizzeri FM., Rampinini E., Castagna C., Martino F., Fiorini S., Wisloff U. (2008). Effect of plyometric training on sand versus grass on muscle soreness and jumping and sprinting ability in soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 42(1), 42-46.
- Lännerström J., Nilsson LC., Cardinale DA., Björklund, G., Larsen FJ. (2021). Effects of plyometric training on soft and hard surfaces for improving running economy. Journal of Human Kinetics. 79(1), 187-196.
- Fone L., Van den Tillaar R. (2022). Effect of different types of strength training on swimming performance in competitive swimmers: a systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open. 8(1), 19-44.
- Ilkım E. (2019). Bireylerin yüzme sporunu tercih etmelerinin nedenleri (Malatya ili örneği). Yüksek lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
- Amara S., Crowley E., Sammoud S., Negra Y., Hammami R., Chortane OG., Khalifa R., Chortane SG., van den Tillaar R. (2021). What is the optimal strength training load to improve swimming performance? A randomized trial of male competitive swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(22), 11770-11779.
- Guo W., Soh KG., Zakaria NS., Hidayat Baharuldin MT., Gao Y. (2022). Effect of resistance training methods and intensity on the adolescent swimmer's performance: a systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health. 10, 840490.
- Rebutini VZ., Pereira G., Bohrer RC., Ugrinowitsch C., Rodacki AL. (2016). Plyometric long jump training with progressive loading improves kinetic and kinematic swimming start parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30(9), 2392-2398.
- Born DP., Stöggl T., Petrov A., Burkhardt D., Lüthy F., Romann M. (2020). Analysis of freestyle swimming sprint start performance after maximal strength or vertical jump training in competitive female and male junior swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 34(2), 323-331.
- García-Ramos A., Padial P., de la Fuente B., Argüelles-Cienfuegos J., Bonitch-Góngora J., Feriche B. (2016). Relationship between vertical jump height and swimming start performance before and after an altitude training camp. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30(6), 1638-1645.
- Amara S., Barbosa TM., Negra Y., Hammami R., Khalifa R., Chortane SG. (2021). The effect of concurrent resistance training on upper body strength, sprint swimming performance and kinematics in competitive adolescent swimmers. a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(19), 1-13.
- Sammoud S., Negra Y., Chaabene H., Bouguezzi R., Moran J., Granacher U. (2019). The effects of plyometric jump training on jumping and swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 18(4), 805-811.
- Sammoud S., Negra Y., Bouguezzi R., Hachana Y., Granacher U., Chaabene H. (2021). The effects of plyometric jump training on jump and sport-specific performances in prepubertal female swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 19(1), 25-31.
- Cossor JM., Blanksby BA., Elliott BC. (1999). The influence of plyometric training on the freestyle tumble turn. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2(2), 106-116.
- Potdevin FJ., Alberty ME., Chevutschi A., Pelayo P., Sidney MC. (2011). Effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on performances in pubescent swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 25(1), 80-86.
- Amaro NM., Marinho DA., Marques MC., Batalha NP., Morouço PG. (2017). Effects of dry-land strength and conditioning programs in age group swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 31(9), 2447-2454.
- Lopes TJ., Neiva HP., Gonçalves CA., Nunes C., Marinho DA. (2021). The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 19(1), 32-39.
- Hermosilla F., Sanders R., González-Mohíno F., Yustres I., González-Rave JM. (2021). Effects of dry-land training programs on swimming turn performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(17), 9340.
- Yiğit G. (2019). 10-13 yaş gurubu ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanan pliometrik antrenman metodunun 15 m, 25 m ve 50 m serbest stil yüzme süreleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bartın Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Bartın.
- Apaydın C. (2022). 10-13 Yaş arası yüzücülerde pliometrik ve kor antrenmanlarının anaerobik ve sprint yüzme performansına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ordu.
- Ramirez-Campillo R., Perez-Castilla A., Thapa RK., Afonso J., Clemente FM., Juan CC., Saéz de Villarreal E., Chaabene H. (2022). Effects of plyometric jump training on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance of water sports athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine Open. 8(108), 1-27.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Spor Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3 |
