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A Literature Review on Digital Health Literacy

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 148 - 165, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.48174/buaad.42.1

Öz

With the digitalization in healthcare services, online information and mobile applications have begun to play a major role for users. All advanced digital technologies, including machines and tools, computers and smart phones that we use in every field today; It has brought great innovations to business life, production style and our daily life style, raised living standards and made daily life considerably easier. Especially digital health technologies and applications encourage healthier behaviors in individuals and help proactive management of a healthy lifestyle. Smart watches and wristbands are some of them. It can help users stay healthy and puts them in control of their health. In this sense, digital health technologies aim to ensure patient participation, such as promoting communication between healthcare providers and patients, increasing patients' compliance with treatment protocols and self-management of chronic diseases.
The importance of developing digital health literacy has been recognized by many countries and researchers in recent years. Measurement tools developed on digital health literacy are still necessary to examine the effects of these skills at both individual and societal levels. The development of these skills seems to be possible only by increasing the level of digital health literacy of individuals. With increased awareness of the opportunities of digital health tools, it is important to acquire advanced skills in how to use information and communication technologies for health-related purposes. In this context, the literature on digital health literacy has been examined, the concept of digital health literacy has been extensively discussed, measurement tools and studies in this field have been examined, and suggestions have been made for the development of digital health literacy. In addition, this study aims to contribute to the creation of digital health literacy awareness in our country.

Kaynakça

  • Adil, A., Usman, A., Khan, N. M., & Mirza, F. I. (2021). Adolescent health literacy: factors effecting usage and expertise of digital health literacy among universities students in Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 21(107), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10075-y.
  • Aydın, S. (2004). Türkiye Sağlık Bilgi Sistemi Eylem Planı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bilgi İşlem Daire Başkanlığı. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/biyoistatistik(16).pdf
  • Bittlingmayer, U. H., Dadaczynski, K., Sahrai, D., Broucke, S. v., & Okan, O. (2020). Digitale gesundheitskompetenz – konzeptionelle verortung, erfassung und förderung mit fokus auf kinder und jugendliche. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, 63, 176-184.
  • Botts, N., & Horan, T. A. (2008). Bridging care communication and health management within diverse and underserved populations. Americas Conference on Information Systems. AMCIS.
  • Chang, B. L., Bakken, S., Brown, S., Houston, T. K., Kreps, G. L., Kukafka, R., Safran, P.Z., Stavri, P. Z. (2004). Bridging the digital divide: Reaching vulnerable populations. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 11(6), 448-457.
  • Chesser, A., Burke, A., Reyes, J., & Rohrberg, T. (2016). Navigating the digital divide: A systematic review of eHealth literacy in underserved populations in the United States. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 41(1), 1-19.
  • Conard, S. (2019). Best practices in digital health literacy. International Journal of Cardiology, 292, 277-279.
  • Coşkun, S., & Bebiş, H. (2015). Adolesanlarda e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 57(4), 378-384.
  • Dadaczynski, K., Okan, O., Messer, M., Leung, A., Rosario, R., Darlington, E., & Rathmann, K. (2021). Digital health literacy and web-based ınformation-seeking behaviors of university students in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e24097.
  • Diviani, N., Dima, A. L., & Schulz, P. J. (2017). A Psychometric Analysis of the Italian Version of the eHealth Literacy Scale Using Item Response and Classical Test Theory Methods. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(4), e114.
  • Duong, T. V., Chiu, C.-H., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Wong, T.-C., Chang, P. W., & Yang, S.-H. (2021). E-healthy diet literacy scale and its relationship with behaviors and health outcomes in Taiwan. Health Promotion International, 36(1), 30-33.
  • Duong, T. V., Pham, K. M., Do, B. N., Kim, G. B., Dam, H. T., Le, V.-T. T., Nguyen, T.-T.P., Do, H.-T.T., Yang, S.-H. (2020). Digital healthy diet literacy and self-perceived eating behavior change during COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate nursing and medical students: A rapid online survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7185.
  • Ekinci, Y. (2020). Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul, Üsküdar Üniversitesi.
  • Ertaş, H., Kıraç, R., & Demir, R. N. (2019). Dijital Okuryazarlık ve E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 3. Uluslararası 13. Ulusal Sağlık ve Hastane İdaresi Kongresi (s. 557-570). Sakarya, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • EuroHealthNet. (2021, 01 18). Digital Health Literacy: how new skills can help improve health, equity, and Sustainability. https://eurohealthnet.eu/publication/digital-health-literacy-how-new-skills-can-help-improve-health-equity-and-sustainability
  • European Commission. (2019). EU-funded Research & Innovation in the field of ICT for Health, Wellbeing & Ageing - An Overview. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/eu-funded-research-and-innovation-field-ict-health-wellbeing-and-ageing-overview
  • Fagnano, M., Halterman, J. S., Conn, K. M., & Shone, L. P. (2012). Health literacy and sources of health information for caregivers of urban children with asthma. Clinical Pediatrics, 51(3), 267-273.
  • Giudice, P. D. (2017). The IC-Health project: improving digital health literacy in Europe: Pietro Del Giudice. European Journal of Public Health, 27, ckx187.065, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.065.
  • Hsu, W., Chiang, C., & Yang, S. (2014). The effect of individual factors on health behaviors among college students: the mediating effects of eHealth literacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e287.
  • Hyman, A., Stewart, K., Jamin, A.-M., Lauscher, H. N., Stacy, E., Kasten, G., & Ho, K. (2020). Testing a school-based program to promote digital health literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours in intermediate elementary students: The Learning for Life program. Preventive Medicine Reports, 19, 101149.
  • Işık, T. (2019). Sağlık iletişi bağlamında kullanım şekilleri açısından dijital algı ve önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23, 1979-1994.
  • Jafree, S. R., Bukhari, N., Muzamill, A., Tasneem, F., & Fischer, F. (2021). Digital health literacy intervention to support maternal, child and family health in primary healthcare settings of Pakistan during the age of coronavirus: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 11(3), e045163.
  • Karnoe, A., & Kayser, L. (2015). How is eHealth literacy measured and what do the measurements tell us? A systematic review. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 7(4), 576-600.
  • Kayser, L., Karnoe, A., Furstrand, D., Batterham, R., Christensen, K. B., Elsworth, G., & Osborne, R. H. (2018). A multidimensional tool based on the eHealth literacy framework: Development and ınitial validity testing of the eHealth literacy questionnaire (eHLQ). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(2), e36.
  • Kemp , E., Trigg , J., Beatty, L., Christensen, C., Dhillon, H. M., Maeder, A., Williams, P., Koczwara, B. (2020). Health literacy, digital health literacy and the implementation of digital health technologies in cancer care: the need for a strategic approach. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 32(1), 104-114.
  • Koopman, R. J., Petroski, G. F., Canfield, S. M., Stuppy, J. A., & Mehr, D. R. (2014). Development of the PRE-HIT instrument: patient readiness to engage in health information technology. BMC Family Practice, 15(18), doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-18.
  • Kostkova, P. (2015). Grand challenges in digital health. Frontiers in Public Health, 3(134), 1-5.
  • Levin-Zamir, D., Lemish, D., & Gofin, R. (2011). Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents. Health Education Research, 26(2), 323-335.
  • Mitsutake, S., Shibata, A., Ishii, K., & Oka, K. (2016). Associations of eHealth Literacy With Health Behavior Among Adult Internet Users. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(7), e192.
  • Neter, E., & Brainin, E. (2012). eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(1), e19.
  • Norgaard, O., Furstrand, D., Klokker, L., Karnoe, A., Batterham, R., Kayser, L., & Osborne, R. H. (2015). The e-health literacy framework: A conceptual framework for characterizing e-health users and their interaction with e-health systems. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 7, 522-540.
  • Norman, C. D., & Skinner, H. A. (2006). eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(4), e27.
  • Odone, A., Buttigieg, S., Ricciardi, W., Azzopardi-Muscat, N., & Staines, A. (2019). Public health digitalization in Europe: EUPHA vision, action and role in digital public health. European Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 28-35.
  • Park, E., & Kwon, M. (2021). Testing the Digital Health Literacy Instrument for Adolescents: Cognitive Interviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e17856.
  • Patil, U., Kostareva, U., Hadley, M., Manganello, J. A., Okan, O., Dadaczynski, K., Massey., P.M., Agner, J., Sentell, T. (2021). Health literacy, digital health literacy, and COVID-19 pandemic attitudes and behaviors in U.S. college students: Implications for interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3301-15.
  • Rosario, R., Martins, M. R., Augusto, C., Silva, M. J., Martins, S., Duarte, A., Fronteira, I., Ramos, N., Okan, O., Dadaczynski, K. (2020). Associations between COVID-19-Related digital health literacy and online information-seeking behavior among Portuguese university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8987-99.
  • Soellner, R., Huber, S., & Reder, M. (2014). The Concept of eHealth Literacy and Its Measurement: German Translation of the eHEALS. Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications, 26(1), 29-38.
  • Soininen, K. (2020). Providing health care services in the digital age. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/digital-health/news/news/2020/2/katja-soininen-providing-health-care-services-in-the-digital-age
  • Tamer-Gencer, Z. (2017). Norman ve Skinner’in E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin kültürel uyarlaması için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 131-145.
  • Tarhan, N., Ekinci, Y., & Tutgun-Ünal, A. (2021). Dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı: Dijital hastalıklar ve siberkondri. Der Yayınları.
  • Tarhan, N., Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Ekinci, Y. (2021). Yeni kuşak hastalığı siberkondri: Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(37), 4253–4297.
  • van der Vaart, R., van Deursen, A. J., Drossaert, C. H., Taal, E., van Dijk, J. A., & van de Laar, M. A. (2011). Does the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) measure what it intends to measure? Validation of a Dutch version of the eHEALS in two adult populations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e86.
  • van der Vaart, R., & Drossaert, C. (2017). Development of the digital health literacy instrument: Measuring a broad spectrum of health 1.0 and health 2.0 skills. Journal of Medical Internet Research, e27.
  • van der Vaart, R., Drossaert, C. H., de Heus, M., Taal, E., & van de Laar, M. A. (2013). Measuring actual eHealth literacy among patients with rheumatic diseases: a qualitative analysis of problems encountered using Health 1.0 and Health 2.0 applications. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(2), e27.
  • Wangdahl, J., Dahlberg, K., Jaensson, M., & Nilsson, U. (2021). Arabic version of the Electronic Health Literacy Scale in Arabic-Speaking individuals in Sweden: prospective psychometric evaluation study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e24466.
  • WHO. (2020). World Health Organization Digital health: transforming and extending the delivery of health services. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/digital-health/news/news/2020/9/digital-health-transforming-and-extending-the-delivery-of-health-services
  • WHO, W. (2015). Atlas of eHealth country profiles 2015: The use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage. World Health Organization.
  • WHO, W. (2016). Moving forward: A plan for the next fifteen years. https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/9gchp/health-literacy-moving-forward/en/
  • WHO, W. (2020). Joint call for papers - Special issues on Infodemiology. https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/joint-call-for-papers-special-issues-on-infodemiology
  • Vrdelja, M., Vrbovsek, S., Klopcic, V., Dadaczynski, K., & Okan, O. (2021). Facing the Growing COVID-19 Infodemic: Digital Health Literacy and Information-Seeking Behaviour of University Students in Slovenia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8507.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Zakar, R., Iqbal, S., Zakar, M. Z., & Fischer , F. (2021). COVID-19 and Health Information Seeking Behavior: Digital Health Literacy Survey amongst University Students in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4009.

Dijital Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir Alanyazın İncelemesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 148 - 165, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.48174/buaad.42.1

Öz

Sağlık hizmetlerindeki dijitalleşmeyle birlikte çevrimiçi bilgiler ve mobil uygulamalar kullanıcılar için önemli rol oynayama başladı. Bu yönde yapılan araştırmalar, insanların çevrimiçi bilgiyi kullanma konusundaki kendi algı becerilerinin aslında sağlıklarını ve sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini etkilediğini ve bu tür becerilerin eksikliğinin olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabileceğini göstermiştir. Kullanıcılar yüksek veya düşük kaliteli sağlık bilgilerini eleştirel olarak analiz etmek ve yerleşik teknoloji kullanımlarını sağlıklı davranışlarla dengelemek için daha donanımlı olmalıdır. Bu anlamda, son kullanıcının bir dizi dijital beceriye sahip olması ve ayrıca sağlıklarını geliştirmek için bilgileri anlaması hayati önem taşımaktadır. Dijital sağlık okuryazarlığını geliştirmenin önemi, son yıllarda birçok ülke ve araştırmacı tarafından da fark edilmiştir. Dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı üzerine geliştirilen ölçüm araçları, bu becerilerin etkilerini hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzeyde incelemek için gerekliliğini korumaktadır. Bu becerilerin geliştirilmesi ancak bireylerin dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesinin arttırılması ile mümkün görünmektedir. Dijital sağlık araçlarının fırsatlarına ilişkin artan farkındalık ile sağlıkla ilgili amaçlara yönelik bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin nasıl kullanılacağı konusunda gelişmiş becerilerin elde edilmesi önemlidir. Bu kapsamda, dijital sağlık okuryazarlığına yönelik alanyazın incelenmiş olup dijital sağlık okuryazarlık kavramı geniş bir şekilde ele alınmış, bu alandaki ölçüm araçları ve yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiş, dijital sağlık okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile ülkemizde dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı farkındalığının oluşturulmasına yönelik katkı sunması amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adil, A., Usman, A., Khan, N. M., & Mirza, F. I. (2021). Adolescent health literacy: factors effecting usage and expertise of digital health literacy among universities students in Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 21(107), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10075-y.
  • Aydın, S. (2004). Türkiye Sağlık Bilgi Sistemi Eylem Planı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bilgi İşlem Daire Başkanlığı. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/biyoistatistik(16).pdf
  • Bittlingmayer, U. H., Dadaczynski, K., Sahrai, D., Broucke, S. v., & Okan, O. (2020). Digitale gesundheitskompetenz – konzeptionelle verortung, erfassung und förderung mit fokus auf kinder und jugendliche. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, 63, 176-184.
  • Botts, N., & Horan, T. A. (2008). Bridging care communication and health management within diverse and underserved populations. Americas Conference on Information Systems. AMCIS.
  • Chang, B. L., Bakken, S., Brown, S., Houston, T. K., Kreps, G. L., Kukafka, R., Safran, P.Z., Stavri, P. Z. (2004). Bridging the digital divide: Reaching vulnerable populations. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 11(6), 448-457.
  • Chesser, A., Burke, A., Reyes, J., & Rohrberg, T. (2016). Navigating the digital divide: A systematic review of eHealth literacy in underserved populations in the United States. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 41(1), 1-19.
  • Conard, S. (2019). Best practices in digital health literacy. International Journal of Cardiology, 292, 277-279.
  • Coşkun, S., & Bebiş, H. (2015). Adolesanlarda e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 57(4), 378-384.
  • Dadaczynski, K., Okan, O., Messer, M., Leung, A., Rosario, R., Darlington, E., & Rathmann, K. (2021). Digital health literacy and web-based ınformation-seeking behaviors of university students in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e24097.
  • Diviani, N., Dima, A. L., & Schulz, P. J. (2017). A Psychometric Analysis of the Italian Version of the eHealth Literacy Scale Using Item Response and Classical Test Theory Methods. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(4), e114.
  • Duong, T. V., Chiu, C.-H., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Wong, T.-C., Chang, P. W., & Yang, S.-H. (2021). E-healthy diet literacy scale and its relationship with behaviors and health outcomes in Taiwan. Health Promotion International, 36(1), 30-33.
  • Duong, T. V., Pham, K. M., Do, B. N., Kim, G. B., Dam, H. T., Le, V.-T. T., Nguyen, T.-T.P., Do, H.-T.T., Yang, S.-H. (2020). Digital healthy diet literacy and self-perceived eating behavior change during COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate nursing and medical students: A rapid online survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7185.
  • Ekinci, Y. (2020). Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul, Üsküdar Üniversitesi.
  • Ertaş, H., Kıraç, R., & Demir, R. N. (2019). Dijital Okuryazarlık ve E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 3. Uluslararası 13. Ulusal Sağlık ve Hastane İdaresi Kongresi (s. 557-570). Sakarya, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • EuroHealthNet. (2021, 01 18). Digital Health Literacy: how new skills can help improve health, equity, and Sustainability. https://eurohealthnet.eu/publication/digital-health-literacy-how-new-skills-can-help-improve-health-equity-and-sustainability
  • European Commission. (2019). EU-funded Research & Innovation in the field of ICT for Health, Wellbeing & Ageing - An Overview. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/eu-funded-research-and-innovation-field-ict-health-wellbeing-and-ageing-overview
  • Fagnano, M., Halterman, J. S., Conn, K. M., & Shone, L. P. (2012). Health literacy and sources of health information for caregivers of urban children with asthma. Clinical Pediatrics, 51(3), 267-273.
  • Giudice, P. D. (2017). The IC-Health project: improving digital health literacy in Europe: Pietro Del Giudice. European Journal of Public Health, 27, ckx187.065, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.065.
  • Hsu, W., Chiang, C., & Yang, S. (2014). The effect of individual factors on health behaviors among college students: the mediating effects of eHealth literacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e287.
  • Hyman, A., Stewart, K., Jamin, A.-M., Lauscher, H. N., Stacy, E., Kasten, G., & Ho, K. (2020). Testing a school-based program to promote digital health literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours in intermediate elementary students: The Learning for Life program. Preventive Medicine Reports, 19, 101149.
  • Işık, T. (2019). Sağlık iletişi bağlamında kullanım şekilleri açısından dijital algı ve önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23, 1979-1994.
  • Jafree, S. R., Bukhari, N., Muzamill, A., Tasneem, F., & Fischer, F. (2021). Digital health literacy intervention to support maternal, child and family health in primary healthcare settings of Pakistan during the age of coronavirus: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 11(3), e045163.
  • Karnoe, A., & Kayser, L. (2015). How is eHealth literacy measured and what do the measurements tell us? A systematic review. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 7(4), 576-600.
  • Kayser, L., Karnoe, A., Furstrand, D., Batterham, R., Christensen, K. B., Elsworth, G., & Osborne, R. H. (2018). A multidimensional tool based on the eHealth literacy framework: Development and ınitial validity testing of the eHealth literacy questionnaire (eHLQ). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(2), e36.
  • Kemp , E., Trigg , J., Beatty, L., Christensen, C., Dhillon, H. M., Maeder, A., Williams, P., Koczwara, B. (2020). Health literacy, digital health literacy and the implementation of digital health technologies in cancer care: the need for a strategic approach. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 32(1), 104-114.
  • Koopman, R. J., Petroski, G. F., Canfield, S. M., Stuppy, J. A., & Mehr, D. R. (2014). Development of the PRE-HIT instrument: patient readiness to engage in health information technology. BMC Family Practice, 15(18), doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-18.
  • Kostkova, P. (2015). Grand challenges in digital health. Frontiers in Public Health, 3(134), 1-5.
  • Levin-Zamir, D., Lemish, D., & Gofin, R. (2011). Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents. Health Education Research, 26(2), 323-335.
  • Mitsutake, S., Shibata, A., Ishii, K., & Oka, K. (2016). Associations of eHealth Literacy With Health Behavior Among Adult Internet Users. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(7), e192.
  • Neter, E., & Brainin, E. (2012). eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(1), e19.
  • Norgaard, O., Furstrand, D., Klokker, L., Karnoe, A., Batterham, R., Kayser, L., & Osborne, R. H. (2015). The e-health literacy framework: A conceptual framework for characterizing e-health users and their interaction with e-health systems. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 7, 522-540.
  • Norman, C. D., & Skinner, H. A. (2006). eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(4), e27.
  • Odone, A., Buttigieg, S., Ricciardi, W., Azzopardi-Muscat, N., & Staines, A. (2019). Public health digitalization in Europe: EUPHA vision, action and role in digital public health. European Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 28-35.
  • Park, E., & Kwon, M. (2021). Testing the Digital Health Literacy Instrument for Adolescents: Cognitive Interviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e17856.
  • Patil, U., Kostareva, U., Hadley, M., Manganello, J. A., Okan, O., Dadaczynski, K., Massey., P.M., Agner, J., Sentell, T. (2021). Health literacy, digital health literacy, and COVID-19 pandemic attitudes and behaviors in U.S. college students: Implications for interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3301-15.
  • Rosario, R., Martins, M. R., Augusto, C., Silva, M. J., Martins, S., Duarte, A., Fronteira, I., Ramos, N., Okan, O., Dadaczynski, K. (2020). Associations between COVID-19-Related digital health literacy and online information-seeking behavior among Portuguese university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8987-99.
  • Soellner, R., Huber, S., & Reder, M. (2014). The Concept of eHealth Literacy and Its Measurement: German Translation of the eHEALS. Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications, 26(1), 29-38.
  • Soininen, K. (2020). Providing health care services in the digital age. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/digital-health/news/news/2020/2/katja-soininen-providing-health-care-services-in-the-digital-age
  • Tamer-Gencer, Z. (2017). Norman ve Skinner’in E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin kültürel uyarlaması için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 131-145.
  • Tarhan, N., Ekinci, Y., & Tutgun-Ünal, A. (2021). Dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı: Dijital hastalıklar ve siberkondri. Der Yayınları.
  • Tarhan, N., Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Ekinci, Y. (2021). Yeni kuşak hastalığı siberkondri: Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(37), 4253–4297.
  • van der Vaart, R., van Deursen, A. J., Drossaert, C. H., Taal, E., van Dijk, J. A., & van de Laar, M. A. (2011). Does the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) measure what it intends to measure? Validation of a Dutch version of the eHEALS in two adult populations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e86.
  • van der Vaart, R., & Drossaert, C. (2017). Development of the digital health literacy instrument: Measuring a broad spectrum of health 1.0 and health 2.0 skills. Journal of Medical Internet Research, e27.
  • van der Vaart, R., Drossaert, C. H., de Heus, M., Taal, E., & van de Laar, M. A. (2013). Measuring actual eHealth literacy among patients with rheumatic diseases: a qualitative analysis of problems encountered using Health 1.0 and Health 2.0 applications. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(2), e27.
  • Wangdahl, J., Dahlberg, K., Jaensson, M., & Nilsson, U. (2021). Arabic version of the Electronic Health Literacy Scale in Arabic-Speaking individuals in Sweden: prospective psychometric evaluation study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e24466.
  • WHO. (2020). World Health Organization Digital health: transforming and extending the delivery of health services. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/digital-health/news/news/2020/9/digital-health-transforming-and-extending-the-delivery-of-health-services
  • WHO, W. (2015). Atlas of eHealth country profiles 2015: The use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage. World Health Organization.
  • WHO, W. (2016). Moving forward: A plan for the next fifteen years. https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/9gchp/health-literacy-moving-forward/en/
  • WHO, W. (2020). Joint call for papers - Special issues on Infodemiology. https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/joint-call-for-papers-special-issues-on-infodemiology
  • Vrdelja, M., Vrbovsek, S., Klopcic, V., Dadaczynski, K., & Okan, O. (2021). Facing the Growing COVID-19 Infodemic: Digital Health Literacy and Information-Seeking Behaviour of University Students in Slovenia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8507.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Zakar, R., Iqbal, S., Zakar, M. Z., & Fischer , F. (2021). COVID-19 and Health Information Seeking Behavior: Digital Health Literacy Survey amongst University Students in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4009.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yücel Ekinci 0000-0001-5954-5337

Aylin Tutgun-ünal 0000-0003-2430-6322

Nevzat Tarhan 0000-0002-6810-7096

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ekinci, Y., Tutgun-ünal, A., & Tarhan, N. (2021). Dijital Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir Alanyazın İncelemesi. Bayterek Uluslararası Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(2), 148-165. https://doi.org/10.48174/buaad.42.1