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Estimating Athletic Mental Energy in the Context of Sleep Behaviors

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 265 - 275, 30.06.2023

Doğukan Batur Alp Gülşen Yunus Emre Yarayan Aydıner Birsin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
Cited By: 3

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between athletic mental energy and athlete sleep behaviors. A total of 226 athletes, 115 male (50.9%) and 111 female (49.1%), participated in the study voluntarily. Athletic Mental Energy and Athlete Sleep Behavior Scales were used to collect data within the scope of this research, which was conducted in the relational survey model. While analyzing the data, firstly, the internal consistency and normality assumptions of the responses were examined, and it was determined that the responses were reliable, and the data met the normality assumptions. Accordingly, Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationships. Regression analyses were used to determine the power of athlete sleep behavior in predicting athletic mental energy level. According to the results of multiple regression analysis conducted within the scope of the research, it was determined that athletes' sleep behaviors significantly predicted their athletic mental energy levels and explained approximately 30% of the variance. In line with the results obtained, it can be stated that sport sleep behavior is a predictor of athletic mental energy level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Athletic mental energy Athlete Sleep

Kaynakça

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  • Belenky, G., Wesensten, N.J., Thorne, D.R., Thomas, M.L., Sing, H.C., Redmond, D.P., Russo, B.M., & Balkin, T.J. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: A Sleep dose-response study. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x
  • Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: Recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503669
  • Bird, S.P. (2013). Sleep, recovery, and athletic performance: A Brief review and recommendations. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(5), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182a62e2f
  • Bower, B., Bylsma, L.M., Morris, B.H., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Poor reported sleep quality predicts low positive affect in daily life among healthy and mood‐disordered persons. Journal of Sleep Research, 19(2), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00816.x
  • Brand, S., Beck, J., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009). ‘Football is good for your sleep’ favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning of adolescent male intense football players compared to controls. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(8), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309342602
  • Bruch, H., Walter, F., & Voelpel, S. (2006). Charismatic leadership and collective mental energy: The Mediating role of emotional energy and job involvement climate. Critical Management Studies Research Workshop, In 66th Annual Academy of Management Conference book, August 11-12, Atlanta.
  • Chiou, S.S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y.H., Chou, C.C., Gill, D.L., & Lu, F.J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes’ life stress–burnout relationship: The Moderating roles of athletic mental energy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03007
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  • Creswell, J.W., & Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: SAGE Publications.
  • Cullen, T., Clarke, N.D., & Vaquera, A. (2022). Sleep and mood of elite basketball referees during international competitions. Sport Sciences for Health, 19(13) 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-022-00977-2
  • Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001
  • Darendeli, A., Diker, G., & Çinar, Z. (2019). Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire-turkish version: study of validity and reliability. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine-Turk Uyku Tibbi Dergisi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2019.58076
  • Driller, M.W., Mah, C.D., & Halson, S.L. (2018). Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes. Sleep Science, 11(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20180009
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  • Glavin, E.E., Matthew, J., & Spaeth, A.M. (2022). Gender differences in the relationship between exercise, sleep, and mood in young adults. Health Education & Behavior, 49(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120986782
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Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 265 - 275, 30.06.2023

Doğukan Batur Alp Gülşen Yunus Emre Yarayan Aydıner Birsin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı atletik zihinsel enerji ile sporcu uyku davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak 115’i erkek (%50,9), 111’i kadın (%49,1) toplam 226 sporcu katılmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülen bu araştırma kapsamında veri toplamak için Atletik Zihinsel Enerji ve Sporcu Uyku Davranış Ölçeklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken ilk olarak yanıtların iç tutarlıkları ile normallik varsayımları incelenmiş ve yanıtların güvenilir olduğu ile verilerin normallik varsayımlarını karşıladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için Pearson korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Sporcu uyku davranışının atletik zihinsel enerji düzeyini öngörmedeki gücünü belirlemek için regresyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre sporcuların uyku davranışlarının atletik zihinsel enerji düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde öngördüğü ve varyansın yaklaşık %30’unun açıklandığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda sporcu uyku davranışının atletik zihinsel enerji düzeyinin bir belirleyicisi olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atletik zihinsel enerji Sporcu Uyku

Kaynakça

  • Alpar, R. (2001). Spor bilimlerinde uygulamalı istatistik. Nobel.
  • Banks, S., & Dinges, D. F. (2007). Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 3(5), 519-528. PMID: 17803017 Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978335/
  • Belenky, G., Wesensten, N.J., Thorne, D.R., Thomas, M.L., Sing, H.C., Redmond, D.P., Russo, B.M., & Balkin, T.J. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: A Sleep dose-response study. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x
  • Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: Recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503669
  • Bird, S.P. (2013). Sleep, recovery, and athletic performance: A Brief review and recommendations. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(5), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182a62e2f
  • Bower, B., Bylsma, L.M., Morris, B.H., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Poor reported sleep quality predicts low positive affect in daily life among healthy and mood‐disordered persons. Journal of Sleep Research, 19(2), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00816.x
  • Brand, S., Beck, J., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009). ‘Football is good for your sleep’ favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning of adolescent male intense football players compared to controls. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(8), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309342602
  • Bruch, H., Walter, F., & Voelpel, S. (2006). Charismatic leadership and collective mental energy: The Mediating role of emotional energy and job involvement climate. Critical Management Studies Research Workshop, In 66th Annual Academy of Management Conference book, August 11-12, Atlanta.
  • Chiou, S.S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y.H., Chou, C.C., Gill, D.L., & Lu, F.J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes’ life stress–burnout relationship: The Moderating roles of athletic mental energy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03007
  • Cook, D.B., & Davis, J.M. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science. Nutrition Reviews, 64(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00251.x.
  • Correia, A.T., Lipinska, G., Rauch, H.L., Forshaw, P.E., Roden, L.C., & Rae, D.E. (2022). Associations between sleep-related heart rate variability and both sleep and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A Systematic review. Sleep Medicine. 101(2023), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.018
  • Creswell, J.W., & Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: SAGE Publications.
  • Cullen, T., Clarke, N.D., & Vaquera, A. (2022). Sleep and mood of elite basketball referees during international competitions. Sport Sciences for Health, 19(13) 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-022-00977-2
  • Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001
  • Darendeli, A., Diker, G., & Çinar, Z. (2019). Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire-turkish version: study of validity and reliability. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine-Turk Uyku Tibbi Dergisi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2019.58076
  • Driller, M.W., Mah, C.D., & Halson, S.L. (2018). Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes. Sleep Science, 11(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20180009
  • Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  • Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th Edition ed.), McGraw-Hill.
  • Fullagar, H.H.K., Duffield, R., Skorski, S., Coutts, A.J., Julian, R., & Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and recovery in team sport: Current sleep-related issues facing professional team-sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 950–957. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0565
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Pearson.
  • Glavin, E.E., Matthew, J., & Spaeth, A.M. (2022). Gender differences in the relationship between exercise, sleep, and mood in young adults. Health Education & Behavior, 49(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120986782
  • Gülşen, D., Eryücel, M., Turna, B., Yıldız, M., & Eryücel, S. (2021). Are dispositional hope levels in athletes a predictor of athletic mental energy?. Progress in Nutrition, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v23iS1.11413
  • Harris, K., Spiegelhalder, K., Espie, C.A., MacMahon, K.M., Woods, H.C., & Kyle, S.D. (2015). Sleep-related attentional bias in insomnia: A State-of-the-science review. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.001
  • Harvey, A.G. (2008). Insomnia, psychiatric disorders, and the transdiagnostic perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 299-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00594.x
  • İlhan, A. (2020). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaviors in tennis players. Progress in Nutrition, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v22i4.11004
  • İslam, A. (2022). The effect of athletic mental energy on wrestlers’ sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling. Physical Education of Students, 26(5), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0504
  • İslam, A. (2023). Three variables in the training of female soccer players: The relationship between psychological skills, mental energy and courage. E-International Journal of Educational Research, 14(1), 73-390. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389
  • İslam, A., & Öztürk, M. E. (2023). Kayak sporcularının zihinsel enerjileri ile tutkularına göre cesaretleri. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1137033
  • Jarraya, S., Jarraya, M., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2013). Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on the reaction time and the attentional capacities of the handball goalkeeper. Biological Rhythm Research, 45(2), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2013.787685
  • Killer, S.C., Svendsen, I.S., Jeukendrup, A.E., & Gleeson, M. (2017). Evidence of disturbed sleep and mood state in well-trained athletes during short-term intensified training with and without a high carbohydrate nutritional intervention. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(14), 1402-1410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1085589
  • Killgore, W.D., Kahn-Greene, E.T., Lipizzi, E.L., Newman, R.A., Kamimori, G.H., & Balkin, T. J. (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.003
  • Kölling, S., Wiewelhove, T., Raeder, C., Endler, S., Ferrauti, A., Meyer, T., & Kellmann, M. (2015). Sleep monitoring of a six-day microcycle in strength and high-intensity training. European Journal of Sport Science, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1041062
  • Krueger, J.M., Rector, D.M., Roy, S., Van Dongen, H., Belenky, G., & Panksepp, J. (2008). Sleep as a fundamental property of neuronal assemblies. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(12), 910-919. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2521
  • Lahart, I.M., Lane, A.M., Hulton, A., Williams, K., Godfrey, R., Pedlar, C. ... & Whyte, G. P. (2013). Challenges in maintaining emotion regulation in a sleep and energy deprived state induced by the 4800Km ultra-endurance bicycle race; The Race Across America (RAAM). Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(3), 481-488. PMID: 24149155 Erişim adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149155/
  • Lastella, M., Lovell, G.P., & Sargent, C. (2014). Athletes' precompetitive sleep behaviour and its relationship with subsequent precompetitive mood and performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(sup1), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.660505
  • Lewis, K.J.S., Tilling, K., Gordon-Smith, K., Saunders, K.E.A., Di Florio, A., Jones, L. ... & Heron, J. (2022). The dynamic interplay between sleep and mood: an intensive longitudinal study of individuals with bipolar disorder. Psychological Medicine, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721005377
  • Loehr, J.E. (2005). The sport psychology handbook. S. Murhpy (Ed.), Leadership: Full engagement for success(157-158). Champaign, Human Kinetics.
  • Lu, F.J., Gill, D.L., Yang, C., Lee, P.F., Chiu, Y.H., Hsu, Y.W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring Athletic Mental Energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02363
  • Lykken, D.T. (2005). Mental energy. Intelligence, 33(4), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.005
  • Miller, M., Lee-Chambers, J., Cooper, B., Boolani, A., & Jansen, E. (2020). Associations between physical activity and energy and fatigue depend on sleep quality. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 8(4), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2020.1843790
  • Nideffer, R. (1985). Athletes’ guide to mental training. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
  • Nishiyama, T., Mizuno, T., Kozuma, M., Suzuki, S., Kitajima, T., Ando, K.B., Kuriyama, S., & Nakayama, M. (2014). Criterion validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale for the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Sleep Med. 15, 422–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.015
  • O'Connor, P. J. (2006) Mental energy: Assessing the mood dimension. Nutrition Reviews, 64(3), 7-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00256.x
  • O'Connor, P.J., & Burrowes, J. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science. Nutrition Reviews, 64, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00251.x
  • Ong, A.D., Exner-Cortens, D., Riffin, C., Steptoe, A., Zautra, A., & Almeida, D.M. (2013). Linking stable and dynamic features of positive affect to sleep. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9484-8
  • Ong, A.D., Kim S., Young, S., & Steptoe, A. (2017). Positive affect and sleep: A Systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 35, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2016.07.006
  • Öner, Ç. (2022). The determinative role of athletic mental energy and mindfulness in the flow life of football players. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 7(20), 2052-2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.527
  • Reilly, T. (2006). Science of training – soccer: A Scientific approach to developing strength, Speed And Endurance. London: Routledge: 122-124.
  • Roth, T., (2007). Introduction advances in our understanding of insomnia and its management. Sleep Medicine, 8, 25–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.001
  • Rupp, T., Wesensten, N., Bliese, P., & Balkin, T. (2009). Banking sleep: Realization of benefits during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery. Sleep, 32(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/32.3.311
  • Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L.A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
  • Simor, P., Krietsch, K.N., Köteles, F., & McCrae, C.S. (2015). Day-to-day variation of subjective sleep quality and emotional states among healthy university students—A 1-week prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22(5), 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9464-4
  • Stickgold, R., & Walker, M.P. (2007). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Sleep Medicine, 8(4), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.011
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  • Taheri, M. & Arabameri, E. (2012). The effect of sleep deprivation on choice reaction time and anaerobic power of college student athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34719
  • Tatlısu, B., Murat, O., İzzet, U., & Emirhan, K. (2022). Investigation of the effects of different variables on athletic mental energy levels in elite boxers. Anatolia Sport Research, 3(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/anatoliasr.21
  • Thun, E., Bjorvatn, B., Flo, E., Harris, A., & Pallesen, S. (2015). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 23, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.003
  • Venter, R.E. (2014). Perceptions of team athletes on the importance of recovery modalities. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(sup1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.643924
  • Yıldız, A.B., Algün Doğu, G., Yaman Yılmaz, C. & Parlakkılıç Büyükakgül, Ş. (2020b). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaivour. Progress in Nutrition, 22(S). https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v22i2-S.10547
  • Yıldız, A.B., Yarayan, Y.E., Yılmaz, B., ve Kuan, G. (2020a). Atletik zihinsel enerji ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye çevrilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.684587
  • Yıldız, A.B. (2021). Futbolcularda duygusal zekanın atletik zihinsel enerjiye etkisinde antrenör-sporcu ilişkisinin aracılık rolü. Doktora tezi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Doğukan Batur Alp Gülşen 0000-0001-9434-619X

Yunus Emre Yarayan 0000-0003-0582-8088

Aydıner Birsin Yıldız 0000-0002-3767-1057

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 7 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülşen, D. B. A., Yarayan, Y. E., & Yıldız, A. B. (2023). Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
AMA Gülşen DBA, Yarayan YE, Yıldız AB. Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme. CBÜ BESBD. Haziran 2023;18(1):265-275. doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
Chicago Gülşen, Doğukan Batur Alp, Yunus Emre Yarayan, ve Aydıner Birsin Yıldız. “Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 265-75. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294.
EndNote Gülşen DBA, Yarayan YE, Yıldız AB (01 Haziran 2023) Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18 1 265–275.
IEEE D. B. A. Gülşen, Y. E. Yarayan, ve A. B. Yıldız, “Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme”, CBÜ BESBD, c. 18, sy. 1, ss. 265–275, 2023, doi: 10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294.
ISNAD Gülşen, Doğukan Batur Alp vd. “Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18/1 (Haziran 2023), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294.
JAMA Gülşen DBA, Yarayan YE, Yıldız AB. Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme. CBÜ BESBD. 2023;18:265–275.
MLA Gülşen, Doğukan Batur Alp vd. “Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 18, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 265-7, doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294.
Vancouver Gülşen DBA, Yarayan YE, Yıldız AB. Atletik Zihinsel Enerjiyi Uyku Davranışları Bağlamında Tahmin Etme. CBÜ BESBD. 2023;18(1):265-7.

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