New Dyestuff Production to Sensitively Determine the Sealing Capacity of the Implant Abutment Connection
Öz
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to synthesize a new dyestuff with fluorescent active properties, which can be easily produced and water-soluble, to be used in sealing tests.
Materials and Methods:
The sealing capacities of the implant abutment connection of the dental implant systems manufactured by ESTAŞ were determined spectroscopically by UV-Vis spectrophotometer using the synthesized dyestuff in the first stage. Thanks to the fluorescent active property of the dyestuff, the emission spectra were measured with the fluorescent spectrometer, which is highly sensitive to changes, and the sealing capacities could be determined more precisely, depending on time. In addition, the gap between the implant and the abutment connection was determined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sealing capacities were evaluated from a different perspective. In addition, sealing tests of the same implant systems were also performed with methylene blue dyestuff and the results were compared. The efficiency of our synthesized dyestuff was determined.
Results:
The dyestuff to be used in the sealing tests of the implants was synthesized and characterized in a short time in our laboratory. The phthalocyanine compound from the porphyrin class was obtained as a result of the tetramerization reaction of the synthesized phthalonitrile derivative. The dyestuff, which can be synthesized in a short time like 10 minutes, was purified by taking advantage of the solubility difference and chromatographic methods. The obtained dyestuff was characterized by NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis, and MALDI-TOF MS. The results obtained are in harmony with the structure of the molecule. The dyestuff produced is water soluble and was especially used to determine the sealing capacity of the implant abutment connection of dental implant systems produced by ESTAŞ. The sealing properties of the implant were determined by spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis and fluorescence. In addition, sealing capacities were evaluated with SEM. According to the results obtained, we can say that the synthesized dyestuff is a dye that can give spectroscopically more sensitive results than methylene blue.
Conclusions:
Dental implants, which are artificially placed in the mouth to support dental prostheses, have changed dental treatment methods to a large extent and become the most preferred successful technique. However, infection risks may occur during the treatment due to the formation of a gap between the abutment cap and the implant resulting from both the production and adaptation of the abutment cap, which is a part of the implant. For this reason, it is important that the implants produced are routinely sensitively checked for sealing and put into use. In addition, sealing control will contribute to the control and shaping of the process from the manufacturing stage of the implant.
In line with all the data obtained, it has been determined that the implant types produced by ESTAŞ have a sealing capacity below the acceptable limits. In addition, it was observed that our newly synthesized dyestuff spectroscopically gave sensitive results in the sealing tests of implant systems.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Phthalocyanine Synthesis Sealing Spectroscopy Dental implant
Kaynakça
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- 2. Nicholson J W. Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review. Prosthesis 2020; 2: 100-116.
- 3. McCracken M. Dental Implant Materials: Commerciallv Pure Tita&um and Titanium Alloys, Journal afl'msthodontics 1999; 8: 40-43.
- 4. Coelho P G, Sudack P, Suzuki M, Kurtz K S, Romanos G E, Silva N R F A. In vitro evaluation of the implant abutment connection sealing capability of different implant systems. J Oral Rehabilit 2008; 35: 917-924.
- 5. Lorenzoni F C, Coelho P G, Bonfante G, Carvalho R M, Silva N R F A, Suzuki M, Silva T L, Bonfante E A. Sealing Capability and SEM Observation of the Implant-Abutment Interface. Hindawi Publish Corpor Int J Dent 2011; 1-6.
- 6. Kawahara H, Kawahara D, Mimura Y, Takashima Y. Morphologic Studies on the Biologic Seal of Titanium Dental Implants. Report II. In Vivo Study on the Defending Mechanism of Epithelial Adhesion/ Attachment Against Invasive Factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13: 465-473.
- 7. Duarte A R C, Rossetti P H O, Rossetti L M N, Torres S A, Bonachela W C. In Vitro Sealing Ability of Two Materials at Five Different Implant-Abutment Surfaces. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1828-1832.
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- 10. McKeown N B. Phthalocyanine-Containing Dendrimers. Adv Mater 1999; 11: 67.
- 11. Brewis M, Hassan B M, Li H, Makhseed S, McKeown N B, Thompson N. The synthetic quest for ‘splendid isolation’ within phthalocyanine materials. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2000; 4(5): 460.
- 12. Kameyama K, Morisue M, Satake A, Kobuke Y. Highly Fluorescent Self Coordinated Phthalocyanine Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed 2005; 44: 4763-4766.
- 13. Nyokong T. Electronic Spectral and Electrochemical Behavior of Near Infrared Absorbing Metallophthalocyanines. Struct Bond 2010; 135: 45-88.
- 14. Nyokong T. Effects of Substituents on The Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Main Group Metal Phthalocyanines. Coord Chem Rev 2007; 251: 1707-1722.
- 15. Dabak S, Gümüş G, Gül A, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis And Properties Of New Phthalocyanınes With Tertiary Or Quaternarized Aminoethylsulfanyl Substıtuents, J Coor Chem 1996; 38(4): 287-293.
- 16. Yabaş E, Sülü M, Saydam S, Dumludağ F, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of electrical and electrochemical properties of imidazole substituted phthalocyanines. Inorg Chim Acta 2011; 365: 340-348.
- 17. Durmuş M, Nyokong T. Synthesis and Solvent Effects on The Electronic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Properties of Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2007; 26: 2767-2776.
- 18. Tau P, Nyokong T. Synthesis, Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Phthalocyaninato Oxotitanium(IV) Complexes Tetra-Substituted at The A and B Positions with Arylthio Groups. Dalton Trans 2006; 4482-4490.
- 19. Wöhrle D, Eskes M, Shigehara K, Yamada A. A simple Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted 1,2-Dicyanobenzenes and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octasubstituted Phthalocyanines. Synthesis 1993; 2: 194-196.
- 20. Yabaş E, Sülü M, Dumludağ F, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Imidazole octasubstituted novel mono and double-decker phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, electrical and gas sensing properties. Polyhedron 2018; 153: 51-63.
- 21. Polat M, Gül A. Synthesis of new porphyrazines with tertiary or quaternized aminoethyl substituents. Dyes Pigments 2000; 45: 195-199.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Meffert R M, Langer B, Fritz Michael E. Dental Implants: A Review. J Periodontol 1992; 63:859-870.
- 2. Nicholson J W. Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review. Prosthesis 2020; 2: 100-116.
- 3. McCracken M. Dental Implant Materials: Commerciallv Pure Tita&um and Titanium Alloys, Journal afl'msthodontics 1999; 8: 40-43.
- 4. Coelho P G, Sudack P, Suzuki M, Kurtz K S, Romanos G E, Silva N R F A. In vitro evaluation of the implant abutment connection sealing capability of different implant systems. J Oral Rehabilit 2008; 35: 917-924.
- 5. Lorenzoni F C, Coelho P G, Bonfante G, Carvalho R M, Silva N R F A, Suzuki M, Silva T L, Bonfante E A. Sealing Capability and SEM Observation of the Implant-Abutment Interface. Hindawi Publish Corpor Int J Dent 2011; 1-6.
- 6. Kawahara H, Kawahara D, Mimura Y, Takashima Y. Morphologic Studies on the Biologic Seal of Titanium Dental Implants. Report II. In Vivo Study on the Defending Mechanism of Epithelial Adhesion/ Attachment Against Invasive Factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13: 465-473.
- 7. Duarte A R C, Rossetti P H O, Rossetti L M N, Torres S A, Bonachela W C. In Vitro Sealing Ability of Two Materials at Five Different Implant-Abutment Surfaces. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1828-1832.
- 8. Lenzoff C C, Lever A B P. Phtalocyanines Properties and Applications. Cilt 1, VCH publishers 1993. 9. Kobayashi N. Phthalocyanines. Solid State Mater Sci 1999; 4: 345.
- 10. McKeown N B. Phthalocyanine-Containing Dendrimers. Adv Mater 1999; 11: 67.
- 11. Brewis M, Hassan B M, Li H, Makhseed S, McKeown N B, Thompson N. The synthetic quest for ‘splendid isolation’ within phthalocyanine materials. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2000; 4(5): 460.
- 12. Kameyama K, Morisue M, Satake A, Kobuke Y. Highly Fluorescent Self Coordinated Phthalocyanine Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed 2005; 44: 4763-4766.
- 13. Nyokong T. Electronic Spectral and Electrochemical Behavior of Near Infrared Absorbing Metallophthalocyanines. Struct Bond 2010; 135: 45-88.
- 14. Nyokong T. Effects of Substituents on The Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Main Group Metal Phthalocyanines. Coord Chem Rev 2007; 251: 1707-1722.
- 15. Dabak S, Gümüş G, Gül A, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis And Properties Of New Phthalocyanınes With Tertiary Or Quaternarized Aminoethylsulfanyl Substıtuents, J Coor Chem 1996; 38(4): 287-293.
- 16. Yabaş E, Sülü M, Saydam S, Dumludağ F, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of electrical and electrochemical properties of imidazole substituted phthalocyanines. Inorg Chim Acta 2011; 365: 340-348.
- 17. Durmuş M, Nyokong T. Synthesis and Solvent Effects on The Electronic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Properties of Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2007; 26: 2767-2776.
- 18. Tau P, Nyokong T. Synthesis, Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Phthalocyaninato Oxotitanium(IV) Complexes Tetra-Substituted at The A and B Positions with Arylthio Groups. Dalton Trans 2006; 4482-4490.
- 19. Wöhrle D, Eskes M, Shigehara K, Yamada A. A simple Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted 1,2-Dicyanobenzenes and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octasubstituted Phthalocyanines. Synthesis 1993; 2: 194-196.
- 20. Yabaş E, Sülü M, Dumludağ F, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Imidazole octasubstituted novel mono and double-decker phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, electrical and gas sensing properties. Polyhedron 2018; 153: 51-63.
- 21. Polat M, Gül A. Synthesis of new porphyrazines with tertiary or quaternized aminoethyl substituents. Dyes Pigments 2000; 45: 195-199.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Original Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Kasım 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022Cilt: 25 Sayı: Suppl/2 |
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