Öz
It was determined that ‘vermicompost’ created by earthworms by breaking down and decomposting organic waste biologically was effective against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study, tests of “disc diffusion" and "MIC" tests were applied to identify effects against soil-borne pathogen nine species bacteria and nine species fungi that cause diseases in plants by using extracts obtained using choloroform and ethanol from Eisenia fetida type earthworm’s “vermicompost”. According to the results, It was determined that choloroform extracts obtained from the earthworm’s vermicompost has stronger inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas syringae, Xhantomonas carotae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarim oxysporum, Aspergillus humicola, Aspergillus fumigatus and weak effects on Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Penicillium brevicompactum. And also it was determined that ethanol extracts obtained from vermicompost has stronger inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas syringae, Xhantomonas campestris, Aspergillus fumigatus and weak effects on Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia chrysanthemi and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Edwards, C.A. and Bohlen, P.J. , 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, 3rd. ed., Chapman and Hall, New York, 39-40.
- Edwards, C.A., 1988. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms, SPB Academic Publ.Co, 21-31.
- Cracas, P. Vermicomposting Cuban Style. Adres:http://www.wormdigest.org/index.php?option=com_search&Itemid=5&searchword=Cub an&searchphrase=any&ordering=newest. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
- Campbell K.L., Mcıntyre I.W. and Macarthur R.A., 1999. Fsating metabolism and thermoregulatory competence of the starnosed mole, Condylura cristata. Comp. Biochem.Physiol, 123A, 293-298.
- Dickerson, G.W. Vermicomposting. Cooperative Extension Service. College of Agriculture and Home Economics. New Mexico State University. Adres:http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/Pubs/_h/h_164.pdf. (28.07.2012). Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- Edwards, C.A., 2004. Earthworm Ecology, Second edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, London, New York, Washington, pp 448.
- Neuhauser, E.F., Loehr, R.C. and Malecki, M.R., 1998. The potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge. In: Edwards C.A. and Neuhauser E.F., Earthworms in waste and environmental management, SPB Academic Publishing BV, The Hague, 9-20.
- Mısırlıoğlu, M., 2011. Toprak Solucanları Biyolojileri, Ekolojileri ve Türkiye Türleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları, No: 1636, s 20-92.
- Tomati, U., Gali, E., 1995. Earthworms, soil fertility and plant productivity. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 196: 11-14.
- Arancon, N. and Edwards C.A., Effects of vermicomposts on plant growth. Internatıonal Symposium Workshop on Vermitechnology. Adres:http://www.slocountyworms.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/effects-of-vermicomposton-plant-growth.pdf. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- Gouin, F.R., 1998. Using compost in ornamental horticulture industry. In: Benefical coutilization of agricultural municipal and ındustrial bioproduct. Brown S. Angle J.S. and Jacobs L., Kluver Acedemic Publishers. Netherlands, pp. 131-138.
- Galleger, A.V. and Wollenhaupt N.C., 1997. Surface alfalfa residue removal by earthworms L. terrestris. Soil Biology and Biohemistry, 29, 419-471.
- Wang, C., Sun, Z-J. and Zheng D., 2006. Research advance in antibacterial immunity ecology of earthworm. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 17(3), 525.
- Prabha, M.L., Jayaraaj, I.A., Jeyaraaj, R. and Rao, S., 2007. Comparative studies on the digestive enzymes in the gut of earthworms, E. eugeniae, E fetida. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 567-569.
- Shobha, S.V. and Kale, R.D. Invitro studies on control of soil- borne plant pathogens by earthworm E. eugeniae exudates. Adres:http://www.eco-web.com/edi/080106.html. Retrieved July 08, 2012.
- Edwards, C.A. and Arancon, N.Q., 2004. The use of earthworms in the breakdown of organic wastes to produce vermicomposts and animal feed protein. In Earthworm Ecology, 2nd Edition, Editor C.A. Edwards. C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Fl., London, New York, Washington, 345-4
- Sun, Z.-J. and Lıu, Q-J., 1993. Studies on high-yielding feed factors of earthworm culture. J. Laiyang Agri. College, 10(2), 153-156.
- Edwards, C.A., 1988. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. SPB Academic Publ.Co., 21-31.
- Castro M.D. and Ayuso L.E., 1998. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials:an outdated technique with a promising innovative future.Analytica Chimica Acta, 369,(1-2), 1-10.
- Jensen, W.B., 2007. The Origin of the Soxhlet Extractor. Journal of Chemical Education, 84, (12).
- Burke, J. M., 1974. An ultrastructural analysis of the cuticle, epiderm is and esophageal epithelium of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta) . Journal of Morphology, 142, 301-320.
- Xiao, Y., Lu, Y. and Qiu J., 2002. An ultrastructural of integumentary system in Pheretima Californica (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Journal of Shanghai Teachers University (Natural Science), 31(2), 79-86.
- Szczech, M.M., 1999. Suppressiveness of Vermicompost against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. Journal of Phytopathology, 147 (3), 155-161.
Toprak Solucanlarından Elde Edilen Vermikompostun Bazı Bitki Patojenleri Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması
Öz
Toprak solucanlarının, organik atıkları biyolojik olarak parçalayarak ayrıştırmaları ile oluşturdukları “vemikompost” un, bazı patojen bakteri ve funguslara karşı etkili oldukları yapılan çeşitli araştırmalarla saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Eisenia fetida türü toprak solucanlarından elde edilen vermikompostun; etanol ve kloroform solventleri kullanılarak elde edilen ekstrelerinin, bitkilerde hastalıklara neden olan toprak kaynaklı patojen 9 adet bakteri ve 9 adet fungusa karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla “disk difüzyon” ve “MIC” testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, toprak solucanlarından elde edilen vermikompostun kloroform ile elde edilen ekstrelerinin Pseudomonas syringae, Xhantomonas carotae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarim oxysporum, Aspergillus humicola ve Aspergillus fumigatus’ a karşı etkileri güçlü olurken Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, ve Penicillium brevicompactum’ a karşı etkilerinin daha zayıf olduğu görülmüştür. Vermikompostun etanol ile elde edilen ekstrelerinin ise Pseudomonas syringae, Xhantomonas campestris ve Aspergillus fumigatus’ a karşı etkilerinin güçlü olduğu, Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia chrysanthemi ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum’ a karşı ise daha zayıf bir etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Edwards, C.A. and Bohlen, P.J. , 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, 3rd. ed., Chapman and Hall, New York, 39-40.
- Edwards, C.A., 1988. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms, SPB Academic Publ.Co, 21-31.
- Cracas, P. Vermicomposting Cuban Style. Adres:http://www.wormdigest.org/index.php?option=com_search&Itemid=5&searchword=Cub an&searchphrase=any&ordering=newest. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
- Campbell K.L., Mcıntyre I.W. and Macarthur R.A., 1999. Fsating metabolism and thermoregulatory competence of the starnosed mole, Condylura cristata. Comp. Biochem.Physiol, 123A, 293-298.
- Dickerson, G.W. Vermicomposting. Cooperative Extension Service. College of Agriculture and Home Economics. New Mexico State University. Adres:http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/Pubs/_h/h_164.pdf. (28.07.2012). Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- Edwards, C.A., 2004. Earthworm Ecology, Second edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, London, New York, Washington, pp 448.
- Neuhauser, E.F., Loehr, R.C. and Malecki, M.R., 1998. The potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge. In: Edwards C.A. and Neuhauser E.F., Earthworms in waste and environmental management, SPB Academic Publishing BV, The Hague, 9-20.
- Mısırlıoğlu, M., 2011. Toprak Solucanları Biyolojileri, Ekolojileri ve Türkiye Türleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları, No: 1636, s 20-92.
- Tomati, U., Gali, E., 1995. Earthworms, soil fertility and plant productivity. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 196: 11-14.
- Arancon, N. and Edwards C.A., Effects of vermicomposts on plant growth. Internatıonal Symposium Workshop on Vermitechnology. Adres:http://www.slocountyworms.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/effects-of-vermicomposton-plant-growth.pdf. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- Gouin, F.R., 1998. Using compost in ornamental horticulture industry. In: Benefical coutilization of agricultural municipal and ındustrial bioproduct. Brown S. Angle J.S. and Jacobs L., Kluver Acedemic Publishers. Netherlands, pp. 131-138.
- Galleger, A.V. and Wollenhaupt N.C., 1997. Surface alfalfa residue removal by earthworms L. terrestris. Soil Biology and Biohemistry, 29, 419-471.
- Wang, C., Sun, Z-J. and Zheng D., 2006. Research advance in antibacterial immunity ecology of earthworm. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 17(3), 525.
- Prabha, M.L., Jayaraaj, I.A., Jeyaraaj, R. and Rao, S., 2007. Comparative studies on the digestive enzymes in the gut of earthworms, E. eugeniae, E fetida. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 567-569.
- Shobha, S.V. and Kale, R.D. Invitro studies on control of soil- borne plant pathogens by earthworm E. eugeniae exudates. Adres:http://www.eco-web.com/edi/080106.html. Retrieved July 08, 2012.
- Edwards, C.A. and Arancon, N.Q., 2004. The use of earthworms in the breakdown of organic wastes to produce vermicomposts and animal feed protein. In Earthworm Ecology, 2nd Edition, Editor C.A. Edwards. C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Fl., London, New York, Washington, 345-4
- Sun, Z.-J. and Lıu, Q-J., 1993. Studies on high-yielding feed factors of earthworm culture. J. Laiyang Agri. College, 10(2), 153-156.
- Edwards, C.A., 1988. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. SPB Academic Publ.Co., 21-31.
- Castro M.D. and Ayuso L.E., 1998. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials:an outdated technique with a promising innovative future.Analytica Chimica Acta, 369,(1-2), 1-10.
- Jensen, W.B., 2007. The Origin of the Soxhlet Extractor. Journal of Chemical Education, 84, (12).
- Burke, J. M., 1974. An ultrastructural analysis of the cuticle, epiderm is and esophageal epithelium of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta) . Journal of Morphology, 142, 301-320.
- Xiao, Y., Lu, Y. and Qiu J., 2002. An ultrastructural of integumentary system in Pheretima Californica (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Journal of Shanghai Teachers University (Natural Science), 31(2), 79-86.
- Szczech, M.M., 1999. Suppressiveness of Vermicompost against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. Journal of Phytopathology, 147 (3), 155-161.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Editöriyal |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Ekim 2013 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2 |