Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Hakan Sarıçam; Fatıma Firdevs Adam Karduz

doi:10.21031/epod.335607

Araştırma Makalesi

The Adaptation of the Social Media Disorder Scale to Turkish Culture: Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 116 - 135, 30.06.2018

Hakan Sarıçam Fatıma Firdevs Adam Karduz

https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.335607

Cited By: 16

Öz

The present
study aimed to test the reliability and validity of Social Media Disorder (SMD-9)
Scale in Turkish adolescents and to examine its psychometric properties. Three study
groups were conducted among a total of 586 (202+204+180) Turkish adolescents
aged from 13 to 18. According to explanatory factor analysis results, it was
found that the Turkish form of the SMDS had one-dimension just like the
original version and the unidimensional scale explained 48.11% of variance
related to the attribute it measured. In confirmatory factor analysis, fit
index values were found as χ²/df=1.87, RMSEA=.066, CFI=.98, GFI=.98, IFI=.98,
NFI=.96, RFI=.97, and SRMR=.039. Factor loadings ranged from .35 to .76. In the
concurrent validity, the Social Media Disorder Scale had significant
relationships with Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form and Smart Phone
Addiction Scale-Short Form for Adolescent (r=
.64, .66, respectively). Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was
found as .75. Guttman split-half reliability coefficient was found as .64.
Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .29 to .73. Overall results
demonstrated that Social Media Disorder Scale can be used for Turkish
adolescents as a valid and reliable instrument.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social media, addiction, scale, validity, reliability

Kaynakça

Acat, M. B., Tüken, G., & Karadağ, E. (2010). Bilimsel Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği: Türk kültürüne uyarlama, dil geçerliği ve faktör yapısının incelenmesi. Türk Fen Eğitim Dergisi, 7(4), 67-89.
Akın, A., Altundağ, Y., Turan, M. E., & Akın, U. (2014). The validity and reliability of the turkish version of the Smart Phone Addiction Scale-Short Form for Adolescent. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 74-77. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.157
Alper, R. (2006). Spor bilimlerinde uygulamalı istatistik. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175-184. doi: 10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Text revision.
Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.018
Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039
Brennan, R. (1972). A Generalized Upper-Lower Item Discrimination Index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32(2), 289-303. doi:10.1177/001316447203200206
Cabral, J. (2011). Is generation Y addicted to Social Media. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 1-10.
Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A., & Gürcan, A. (2007). Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği’nin geçerlik çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 7(1), 387- 416.
Chaffey, D. (2017). Global social media research summary 2017. Avaliable at http://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/new-global-social-media-research/
Charter, R. A. (2001). It’s time to bury the Spearman-Brown “prophecy” formula for some common applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61(4), 690-696.
Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4),194-197. doi: 10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
Dziuban, C. D., & Shirkey, E. C. (1974). When is a correletion matrix appropriate for factor analysis? Some decision rules. Psychological Bulletin, 81(6), 358-361.
Ekşi, H., & Çiftçi, M. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanım durumlarının dinî inanç ve ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerine göre yordanması. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 4, 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2017.4.2.0013
Erfanmanesh, M., & Hosseini, E. (2015). Review of: Nakaya, Andrea C., Internet and Social Media Addiction. The United States: Reference Point Press, 2015. Webology, 12(2), Book Review 25. Available at: http://www.webology.org/2015/v12n2/bookreview25.pdf
Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 33(1), 210-223. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
Garson, G. D. (2012). Discriminant function analysis. Statistical Associates Publishers.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197. doi: 10.1080/14659890500114359
Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Social Networking Addiction: Emerging themes and issues. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 4(5), e188. doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118
Griffiths, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Kardefelt-Winther, D., Starcevic, V., Kiraly, O.,Pallesen, S., et al. (2016). Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder: a critical commentary on Petry, et al (2014). Addiction, 111(1), 167-175. doi:10.1111/add.13057
Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: an overview of preliminary findings. In Behavioral addictions. Criteria, evidence, and treatment (pp. 119-141). New York: Elsevier.
Günlü, A. & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Ergenlerde internet ve problemli internet kullanım davranışının incelenmesi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 4(1), 75–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2017.4.1.0016
Harrington, D. (2009). Assessing Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model Fit and Model Revision. Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, doi: 10.1177/0894439316660340
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
Khan, S. F., Ullah, F., Khan, M. K., Raza, A. J. S., & Shah, H. (2017). Effect of social media addiction on compliance in the patients of District Bannu, Khyber PakhtunKhwa. International Journal of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmacy (IJBMSP), 6(2), 21-25.
Kırcaburun, K. (2016). Self-esteem, daily internet use and social media addiction as predictors of depression among Turkish adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 64-72.
Kırık, A. M., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A., & Gül, M. (2015). A quantitative research on the level of social media addiction among young people in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3(3), 108-122.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Hypothesis testing. Principles and practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of psychological testing (2nd Ed.). London: Routledge.
Koçer, M. (2012). Erciyes Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıkları. Akdeniz İletişim, 18, 70-85.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction-A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8093528
Kutlu, M., Savcı, M., Demir, Y., & Aysan, F. (2016). Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Üniversite öğrencileri ve ergenlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(Suppl.1), 69-76.
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction: Development and validation of a short version for Adolescents (SAS-SV). PloS one, 8(12), e83558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563–575. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Gentile, D. A. (2015). The internet gaming disorder scale. Psychological Assessment, 72, 567-582. doi:10.1037/pas0000062.
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychology, 12, 77-95. doi:10.1080/15213260802669458.
Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016). The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Preventive medicine, 85, 36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J., & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(4), 611-637. doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3604_06
Mahmood, S., & Farooq, U. (2014). Facebook addiction: a study of big-five factors and academic performance amongst students of IUB. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 14(5), 55-71.
Nunnally, J. C. (1974). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
O'Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800-804. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0054
Otrar, M., & Argın, F. S. (2014). Öğrencilerin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumlarının kullanım alışkanlıkları bağlamında incelenmesi. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 3(3), 1-13.
Otu, A. A. (2015). Social media addiction among students of the University of Ghana. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghana. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21223
Owusu-Acheaw, M., & Larson, A. G. (2015). Use of social media and ıts ımpact on academic performance of tertiary ınstitution students: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(6), 94-101. Available at: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083595.pdf
Özdamar, K. (2013). Paket programları ile istatiksel veri analizi cilt 2. (Dokuzuncu Baskı). Ankara: Nisan Kitabevi.
Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlarla istatistiksel veri analizi-1. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), 652-657. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0070
Pawlikowski, M., Altstötter-Gleich, C., & Brand, M. (2013). Validation and psychometric properties of a short version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1212-1223. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.014
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 133-148. doi: 10.1556/JBA.3.2014
Saied, S. M., Elsabagh, H. M., & El-Afandy, A. M. (2016). Internet and facebook addiction among Egyptian and Malaysian medical students: A comparative study, Tanta University, Egypt. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(5), 1288-1297. doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161400
Sallis, M. (2013). An exploratory study of internet and social media addiction in Millennials. Honors Projects. Fort Worth, Texas.
Saraji, J. H., & Fini, A. A. S. (2017). Examine the relationship between ınternet addiction with academic achievement and mental health of high school students in Bandar Abbas. South journal of Educational Psychology and Counseling, 3(1), 97-101.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodnessof-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., ... & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and anxiety, 33(4), 323-331. doi: 10.1002/da.22466
Starcevic, V., & Aboujaoude, E. (2017). Internet addiction: Reappraisal of an increasingly inadequate concept. CNS spectrums, 22(1), 7-13. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000863
Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. New Jersey: Lawrance Erlbaum Association, Inc.
Şahin, C., & Yağcı, M. (2017). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 18(1), 523-538.
Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik (1.Basım). Ankara. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Şimşek, E., & Balaban Sali, J. (2014). The role of internet addiction and social media membership on university students’ psychological capital. Contemporary Educatıonal Technology, 5(3), 239-256.
Şişman Eren, E. (2014). Sosyal Medya Kullanım Amaçları Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve bazı kişisel değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (H. U. Journal of Education) 29(4), 230-243.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics. (Sixth Edition). USA: Pearson Education Limited.
Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5.Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Tekeş, B., & Hasta, D. (2015). Özgecilik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi (NPD), 3(6), 55-75. doi: 10.7816/nesne-03-06-03
Traub, R. E. (1994). Reliability for the social sciences. London: Sage Publications.
Tuğut, N., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2010). Cinsel Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği-Kadın Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 32, 172-180.
Türkyılmaz, M. (2015). Facebook Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeleştirilmesi ve Facebook bağımlılığının okuma becerisine etkisi. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 265-280. doi: 10.9761/JASSS2942
Van Rooij, A. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2010). Compulsive Internet use: the role of online gaming and other Internet applications. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(1), 51-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.021.
Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61(2016), 478-487. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1998). Effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231-251. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
Veneziano L., & Hooper J. (1997). A method for quantifying content validity of health-related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21(1), 67-70.
Veronica, S. A., & Samuel, A. U. (2015). Social media addiction among adolescents with special reference to facebook addiction (pp.72-76). International Conference On Well Being of Children, Youth And Adults: A Global Social Work Perspective Volume 4, India. Avaliable at: http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Conf.17004/Volume-4/15.%2072-76.pdf
Vieira, A. L. (2011). Preparation of the analysis. Interactive LISREL in practice. (1st ed). London: Springer
Vishwanath, A. (2015). Habitual Facebook use and its impact on getting deceived on social media. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 20(1), 83-98. doi: 10.1111/jcc4.12100
Walker, D. A. (2006). A comparison of the Spearman-Brown and Flanagan-Rulon formulas for split half reliability under variance parameter conditions, Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 5(2), 443-451.
Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F.,Wu, H. Y., & Yang, M. J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), 93-98.
Young, K. S. (1998a). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
Young, K. S. (1998b). Caught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction and a Winning Strategy for Recovery. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 116 - 135, 30.06.2018

Hakan Sarıçam Fatıma Firdevs Adam Karduz

https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.335607

Cited By: 16

Öz

Bu çalışmada Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin (SMKBÖ-9) Türk
ergenlerde geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmek ve psikometrik özelliklerini
incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına yaşları 13 ile 18 arasında değişen
üç farklı çalışma grubunda yer alan toplam 586 (202+204+180) ergen alınmıştır. Açımlayıcı
faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre SMKBÖ’nün Türkçe formunun orijinalindeki gibi
tek boyuta sahip olduğu ve bu tek boyutlu yapının ölçtüğü özellikle ilgili
toplam varyansın %48.11’ini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi
sonucu ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri χ²/sd=1.87, RMSEA=.066, CFI=.98, GFI=.98,
IFI=.98, NFI=.96, RFI=.97 ve SRMR=.039 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca madde
faktör yükleri de .35 ile .76 arasında sıralanmaktadır. Eşdeğer ölçek (ölçüt)
geçerliği çalışmasında Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği ile Young
İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi-Kısa Formu ve Ergenler için Akıllı Telefon
Bağımlılığı-Kısa Formu arasında sırasıyla r=
.64, .66 ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı .75,
Guttman iki yarı test güvenirlik katsayısı .64 olarak bulunmuştur. Düzeltilmiş
madde toplam korelasyon katsayıları .29 ile .73 arasında değişmektedir. Tüm bu
sonuçlar, Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin Türk ergenlerde
kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal medya, bağımlılık, ölçek, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Kaynakça

Acat, M. B., Tüken, G., & Karadağ, E. (2010). Bilimsel Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği: Türk kültürüne uyarlama, dil geçerliği ve faktör yapısının incelenmesi. Türk Fen Eğitim Dergisi, 7(4), 67-89.
Akın, A., Altundağ, Y., Turan, M. E., & Akın, U. (2014). The validity and reliability of the turkish version of the Smart Phone Addiction Scale-Short Form for Adolescent. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 74-77. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.157
Alper, R. (2006). Spor bilimlerinde uygulamalı istatistik. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175-184. doi: 10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Text revision.
Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.018
Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039
Brennan, R. (1972). A Generalized Upper-Lower Item Discrimination Index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32(2), 289-303. doi:10.1177/001316447203200206
Cabral, J. (2011). Is generation Y addicted to Social Media. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 1-10.
Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A., & Gürcan, A. (2007). Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği’nin geçerlik çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 7(1), 387- 416.
Chaffey, D. (2017). Global social media research summary 2017. Avaliable at http://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/new-global-social-media-research/
Charter, R. A. (2001). It’s time to bury the Spearman-Brown “prophecy” formula for some common applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61(4), 690-696.
Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4),194-197. doi: 10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
Dziuban, C. D., & Shirkey, E. C. (1974). When is a correletion matrix appropriate for factor analysis? Some decision rules. Psychological Bulletin, 81(6), 358-361.
Ekşi, H., & Çiftçi, M. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanım durumlarının dinî inanç ve ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerine göre yordanması. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 4, 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2017.4.2.0013
Erfanmanesh, M., & Hosseini, E. (2015). Review of: Nakaya, Andrea C., Internet and Social Media Addiction. The United States: Reference Point Press, 2015. Webology, 12(2), Book Review 25. Available at: http://www.webology.org/2015/v12n2/bookreview25.pdf
Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 33(1), 210-223. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
Garson, G. D. (2012). Discriminant function analysis. Statistical Associates Publishers.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197. doi: 10.1080/14659890500114359
Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Social Networking Addiction: Emerging themes and issues. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 4(5), e188. doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118
Griffiths, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Kardefelt-Winther, D., Starcevic, V., Kiraly, O.,Pallesen, S., et al. (2016). Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder: a critical commentary on Petry, et al (2014). Addiction, 111(1), 167-175. doi:10.1111/add.13057
Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: an overview of preliminary findings. In Behavioral addictions. Criteria, evidence, and treatment (pp. 119-141). New York: Elsevier.
Günlü, A. & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Ergenlerde internet ve problemli internet kullanım davranışının incelenmesi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 4(1), 75–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2017.4.1.0016
Harrington, D. (2009). Assessing Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model Fit and Model Revision. Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, doi: 10.1177/0894439316660340
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
Khan, S. F., Ullah, F., Khan, M. K., Raza, A. J. S., & Shah, H. (2017). Effect of social media addiction on compliance in the patients of District Bannu, Khyber PakhtunKhwa. International Journal of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmacy (IJBMSP), 6(2), 21-25.
Kırcaburun, K. (2016). Self-esteem, daily internet use and social media addiction as predictors of depression among Turkish adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 64-72.
Kırık, A. M., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A., & Gül, M. (2015). A quantitative research on the level of social media addiction among young people in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3(3), 108-122.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Hypothesis testing. Principles and practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of psychological testing (2nd Ed.). London: Routledge.
Koçer, M. (2012). Erciyes Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıkları. Akdeniz İletişim, 18, 70-85.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction-A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8093528
Kutlu, M., Savcı, M., Demir, Y., & Aysan, F. (2016). Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Üniversite öğrencileri ve ergenlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(Suppl.1), 69-76.
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction: Development and validation of a short version for Adolescents (SAS-SV). PloS one, 8(12), e83558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563–575. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Gentile, D. A. (2015). The internet gaming disorder scale. Psychological Assessment, 72, 567-582. doi:10.1037/pas0000062.
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychology, 12, 77-95. doi:10.1080/15213260802669458.
Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016). The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Preventive medicine, 85, 36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J., & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(4), 611-637. doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3604_06
Mahmood, S., & Farooq, U. (2014). Facebook addiction: a study of big-five factors and academic performance amongst students of IUB. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 14(5), 55-71.
Nunnally, J. C. (1974). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
O'Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800-804. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0054
Otrar, M., & Argın, F. S. (2014). Öğrencilerin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumlarının kullanım alışkanlıkları bağlamında incelenmesi. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 3(3), 1-13.
Otu, A. A. (2015). Social media addiction among students of the University of Ghana. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghana. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21223
Owusu-Acheaw, M., & Larson, A. G. (2015). Use of social media and ıts ımpact on academic performance of tertiary ınstitution students: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(6), 94-101. Available at: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083595.pdf
Özdamar, K. (2013). Paket programları ile istatiksel veri analizi cilt 2. (Dokuzuncu Baskı). Ankara: Nisan Kitabevi.
Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlarla istatistiksel veri analizi-1. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), 652-657. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0070
Pawlikowski, M., Altstötter-Gleich, C., & Brand, M. (2013). Validation and psychometric properties of a short version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1212-1223. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.014
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 133-148. doi: 10.1556/JBA.3.2014
Saied, S. M., Elsabagh, H. M., & El-Afandy, A. M. (2016). Internet and facebook addiction among Egyptian and Malaysian medical students: A comparative study, Tanta University, Egypt. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(5), 1288-1297. doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161400
Sallis, M. (2013). An exploratory study of internet and social media addiction in Millennials. Honors Projects. Fort Worth, Texas.
Saraji, J. H., & Fini, A. A. S. (2017). Examine the relationship between ınternet addiction with academic achievement and mental health of high school students in Bandar Abbas. South journal of Educational Psychology and Counseling, 3(1), 97-101.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodnessof-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., ... & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and anxiety, 33(4), 323-331. doi: 10.1002/da.22466
Starcevic, V., & Aboujaoude, E. (2017). Internet addiction: Reappraisal of an increasingly inadequate concept. CNS spectrums, 22(1), 7-13. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000863
Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. New Jersey: Lawrance Erlbaum Association, Inc.
Şahin, C., & Yağcı, M. (2017). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 18(1), 523-538.
Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik (1.Basım). Ankara. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Şimşek, E., & Balaban Sali, J. (2014). The role of internet addiction and social media membership on university students’ psychological capital. Contemporary Educatıonal Technology, 5(3), 239-256.
Şişman Eren, E. (2014). Sosyal Medya Kullanım Amaçları Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve bazı kişisel değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (H. U. Journal of Education) 29(4), 230-243.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics. (Sixth Edition). USA: Pearson Education Limited.
Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5.Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Tekeş, B., & Hasta, D. (2015). Özgecilik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi (NPD), 3(6), 55-75. doi: 10.7816/nesne-03-06-03
Traub, R. E. (1994). Reliability for the social sciences. London: Sage Publications.
Tuğut, N., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2010). Cinsel Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği-Kadın Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 32, 172-180.
Türkyılmaz, M. (2015). Facebook Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeleştirilmesi ve Facebook bağımlılığının okuma becerisine etkisi. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 265-280. doi: 10.9761/JASSS2942
Van Rooij, A. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2010). Compulsive Internet use: the role of online gaming and other Internet applications. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(1), 51-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.021.
Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61(2016), 478-487. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1998). Effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231-251. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
Veneziano L., & Hooper J. (1997). A method for quantifying content validity of health-related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21(1), 67-70.
Veronica, S. A., & Samuel, A. U. (2015). Social media addiction among adolescents with special reference to facebook addiction (pp.72-76). International Conference On Well Being of Children, Youth And Adults: A Global Social Work Perspective Volume 4, India. Avaliable at: http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Conf.17004/Volume-4/15.%2072-76.pdf
Vieira, A. L. (2011). Preparation of the analysis. Interactive LISREL in practice. (1st ed). London: Springer
Vishwanath, A. (2015). Habitual Facebook use and its impact on getting deceived on social media. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 20(1), 83-98. doi: 10.1111/jcc4.12100
Walker, D. A. (2006). A comparison of the Spearman-Brown and Flanagan-Rulon formulas for split half reliability under variance parameter conditions, Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 5(2), 443-451.
Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F.,Wu, H. Y., & Yang, M. J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), 93-98.
Young, K. S. (1998a). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
Young, K. S. (1998b). Caught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction and a Winning Strategy for Recovery. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Hakan Sarıçam Fatıma Firdevs Adam Karduz
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Haziran 2018
Kabul Tarihi	6 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2018 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Sarıçam, H., & Adam Karduz, F. F. (2018). Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(2), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.335607