Derleme
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Obezite Enfeksiyon Hastalığı Mıdır?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 56 - 65, 23.06.2023

Öz

Dünyada yaygınlığı giderek artmakta olan obezite, çağın hastalıkları arasında en önemlilerinden biridir. Obezitenin yaygın olan tanımına göre; obezite, artan yağ kütlesinin yağsız kütleye göre çok fazla olmasıdır ve çeşitli hastalıkları beraberinde sürüklemesi sebebiyle endişe vericidir. Obezitenin vücutta sebep olduğu inflamasyonun, bulaşıcı olan bir hastalık gibi davranması ve vücutta inflamatuar bir yanıt oluşturması bu alanda yapılan çalışmaları yoğunlaştırmıştır. Bu derleme makalede; obezitenin bulaşıcı olmayan kronik bir hastalık olmasına rağmen vücutta oluşturduğu inflamasyonu ve dolayısıyla tahribatının sonuçları birlikte incelenecektir.

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi

Teşekkür

Makalenin görsel şekillerinin hazırlanmasındaki desteğinden dolayı İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammet Davut Arpa’ya teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Caiado, F., Pietras, E. M., & Manz, M. G. (2021). Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. Journal of Experimental Medi-cine, 218(5). https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201541
  • Chait, A., & den Hartigh, LJ. (2020). Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Frontiers Cardiovas-cular Medicine, 7(22). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022
  • Chen, Q., Wang, D., Gu, Y., Jiang, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Tange-retin prevents obesity by modulating systemic inflamma-tion, fat browing, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. The Journal of Nutritional Bi-ochemistry,101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108943
  • Console, L., Scalise, M., & Indiveri, C. (2019). Exosomes in inflammation and role as biomarkers. Clinica Chimica Acta, 488, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.009
  • Dludla, P. V., Nkambule, B. B., Jack, B., Mkandla, Z., Mutize, T., Silvestri, S., Orlando, P., Tiano, L., Louw J., & Mazibuko-Mbeje S. E. (2019). Inflammation and oxidative stress in an obese state and the protective effects of gallic acid. Nutri-tiens, 11(23), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010023
  • Eley, V. A., Thuzar, M., Navarro, S., Dodd, B. R., & Zundert, A. A. (2021). Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation: An update for anaesthetists caring for patients with obesity. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100947
  • Fisk, H. L., Childs, C. E., Miles, E. A., Ayres, R., Noakes, P. S., Paras-Chavez, C., Kuda, O., Kopecký, J., Antoun, E., Lilly-crop, K. A., Calder, P. C. (2022). Modification of subcutane-ous white adipose tissue inflammation by omega-3 fatty ac-ids is limited in human obesity-a double blind, randomised clinical trial. eBioMedicine, 77. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103909
  • Hermsdorff, H. M., Zulet, M. A., Abete, I., Martínez, J. A. (2011). A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects. European Journal of Nutrition, 50(1), 9-61. https://doi.org./ 10.1007/s00394-010-0115-x
  • Izquierdo, A. G., Crujeiras, A. B., Casanueva, F. F., & Carreira, M. C. (2019). Leptin, obesity, and leptin resistance: Where are we. Nutrients, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112704
  • İnkaya, A. Ç. (2021). HIV enfeksiyonu ve inflamasyon. Türkiye Klinikleri, 1, 6-12. Jackisch, L., Kumsaiyai, W., Moore, J. D., Al-Daghri, N., Kyrou, I., Barber. T. M., Randeva, H., Kumar, S., Tripathi, G., & McTernan, P. G. (2018). Differential expression of Lp-PLA2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes and the influence of lipids. Diabetologia, 61, 1155-1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4558-6
  • Kawai, T., Autieri M. V., & Scalia, R. (2020). Adipose tissue ın-flammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. American Journal of Physiology, 3(320), C375-C391. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020.
  • Kiss, A. L. (2022). Inflammation in focus: The beginning and the end. Budapeşte. Pathology & Oncology Research, 4(27). https://doi.org/10.3389/pore.2021.1610136
  • Koçak, B., & Öney, B. (2021). Obezitenin inflamasyon ile ilişkisi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 174-177. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.202133226
  • Kojta, I., Chacińska, M., & Błachnio-Zabielska, A. (2020). Obesi-ty, bioactive lipids, and adipose tissue inflammation in in-sulin resistance. Nutrients, 12(1305). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051305
  • Kumar, S., & Kaufman, T. (2018). Childhood obesity. Panminev-ra Medica, 60(4), 200-212. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03557-7
  • Kurniawan, L. B., Rampo, H., Soraya, G. V., Adnan, E., Esa, T., & Widaningsih, Y. (2021). Effect of obesity, glucose control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure on Lp-PLA2 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Obesity Medicine, 22(4). https:/doi.org./ 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100318
  • Lee, J. (2021). Influences of exercise interventions on over-weight and obesity in children and adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 38(3), 502-516. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12862 Magkos, F., Fraterrigo, G., Yoshino, J., Luecking, C., Kirbach, K., Kelley, S. C., de Las Fuentes, L., He, S., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., & Klein, S. (2016). Effects of moderate and subsequent progressive weight loss on metabolic function and adipose tissue biology in humans with obesity. Cell Metabolism, 23(4), 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005
  • Mehrzad, R. (2023). Introduction to obesity and inflammation (1nd edition). Inflammation and obesity. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90960-0.00007-2
  • Obradovic, M., Sudar-Milanovic, E., Soskic, S., Essack, M., Arya, S., Stewart, A. J., Gojobori, T., & Isenovic, E. R. (2021). Leptin and obesity: Role and clinical implication. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.585887
  • Özbayer, C., Yağcı, E., & Kurt, H. (2018). Obezite, tip 2 diyabet ve insülin direnci arasındaki bağlantı: İnflamasyon. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri, 1(2), 27-36.
  • Parikh, R., Tarıq, S. M., Marinac, C. R., & Shah, U. A. (2022). A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders. Leukemia, 36(2), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01443-8
  • Rana, M. N., & Neeland, I. J. (2022). Adipose tissue inflamma-tion and cardiovasacular disease: An update. Current Dia-betes Reports, 22(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01446-9
  • Roche, H. M. (2019). Dietary modulation of energy homoeosta-sis and metabolic-inflammation. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(3), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002872
  • Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y. (2022). Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity, 55(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013
  • Rubio-Tomás, T., Rueda-Robles, A., Plaza-Díaz, J., & Álvarez-Mercadoc, A. (2022). Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders. Journal of Nutritional Biochemis-try, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108861
  • Sleigh, B. C., & Manna, B. (2022). Lymphedema. StatPearls. https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk537239 Stranahan, A. M. (2022). Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology, 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920
  • Şahin, T. & Tozcu, D. (2022). Leptin, mikrobiyota ve obezite ilişkisi. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi, 6(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1005455
  • Tzotzas, T., Flippatos, T.D., Triantos, A., Brucket, E., Tselepis, A. D. & Kiortsis, D. N. (2008). Effects of a low-calorie diet associated with weight loss on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp- PLA2) activity in healthy obese women. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(7), 477-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.04.004
  • Wedell-Neegaard, A., Lehrskov, L.L., Christensen, R. H., Le-gaard, G. E., Dorph, E., Larsen, M. K., Launbo, N., Fagerlind, S. R., Seide, S. K., Nymand, S., Ball, M., Vinum, N., Dahl, C. N., Henneberg, M., Ried-Larsen, M., Nybing, J. D., Christensen, R., Rosenmeier, J. B., Karstoft, K., …Krogh-Madsen, R. (2019). Exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue massa re regulated by IL-6 signal-ing: A rondomized controlled trial. Cell Metabolism, 29(4), 844-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018 World Health Organization. (2023, Nisan). Obesity definition. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
  • Wu, H., & Ballantyne,C. M. (2020). Metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Texas. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315896 Yan, J., & Horng, T. (2020). Lipid metabolism in regulation of macrophage functions. Trends in Cell Biology, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.006
  • Ying, W., Lee, Y. S., Dong, Y., Seidman, J. S., Yang, M., Isaac, R., Seo, J. B., Yang, B., Wollam, J., Riopel M., McNelis J., Glass C. K., Olefsky, J. M. & Fu, W. (2019). Expansion of is-let-resident macrophages leads to inflammation affecting β cell proliferation and function in obesity. Cell Metabolism, 29(2), 457-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.003
  • Yousefirad, N. (2020). Yüksek protein diyeti alan sıçanlarda antioksidan ve inflamasyon biyobelirteçleri ile obezite gelişimi arasındaki ilişkinin nesillere bağlı değişiminin incelenmesi. [Doktora Tezi]. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.

Is Obesity an Infectious Disease?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 56 - 65, 23.06.2023

Öz

Obesity which has increasing prevalence in the world, is one of the most important diseases of the age. According to the common definition of obesity, that the increased fat mass is too much compared to the lean mass and it is alarming due to leading to various diseases. The fact that the inflammation caused by obesity in the body acts as a disease that is contagious, and the body's response is in the form of an inflammatory response has intensified studies in this area. In this review article, the destruction and consequences of obesity in the body, although it is a chronic disease that is not contagious, will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • Caiado, F., Pietras, E. M., & Manz, M. G. (2021). Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. Journal of Experimental Medi-cine, 218(5). https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201541
  • Chait, A., & den Hartigh, LJ. (2020). Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Frontiers Cardiovas-cular Medicine, 7(22). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022
  • Chen, Q., Wang, D., Gu, Y., Jiang, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Tange-retin prevents obesity by modulating systemic inflamma-tion, fat browing, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. The Journal of Nutritional Bi-ochemistry,101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108943
  • Console, L., Scalise, M., & Indiveri, C. (2019). Exosomes in inflammation and role as biomarkers. Clinica Chimica Acta, 488, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.009
  • Dludla, P. V., Nkambule, B. B., Jack, B., Mkandla, Z., Mutize, T., Silvestri, S., Orlando, P., Tiano, L., Louw J., & Mazibuko-Mbeje S. E. (2019). Inflammation and oxidative stress in an obese state and the protective effects of gallic acid. Nutri-tiens, 11(23), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010023
  • Eley, V. A., Thuzar, M., Navarro, S., Dodd, B. R., & Zundert, A. A. (2021). Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation: An update for anaesthetists caring for patients with obesity. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100947
  • Fisk, H. L., Childs, C. E., Miles, E. A., Ayres, R., Noakes, P. S., Paras-Chavez, C., Kuda, O., Kopecký, J., Antoun, E., Lilly-crop, K. A., Calder, P. C. (2022). Modification of subcutane-ous white adipose tissue inflammation by omega-3 fatty ac-ids is limited in human obesity-a double blind, randomised clinical trial. eBioMedicine, 77. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103909
  • Hermsdorff, H. M., Zulet, M. A., Abete, I., Martínez, J. A. (2011). A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects. European Journal of Nutrition, 50(1), 9-61. https://doi.org./ 10.1007/s00394-010-0115-x
  • Izquierdo, A. G., Crujeiras, A. B., Casanueva, F. F., & Carreira, M. C. (2019). Leptin, obesity, and leptin resistance: Where are we. Nutrients, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112704
  • İnkaya, A. Ç. (2021). HIV enfeksiyonu ve inflamasyon. Türkiye Klinikleri, 1, 6-12. Jackisch, L., Kumsaiyai, W., Moore, J. D., Al-Daghri, N., Kyrou, I., Barber. T. M., Randeva, H., Kumar, S., Tripathi, G., & McTernan, P. G. (2018). Differential expression of Lp-PLA2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes and the influence of lipids. Diabetologia, 61, 1155-1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4558-6
  • Kawai, T., Autieri M. V., & Scalia, R. (2020). Adipose tissue ın-flammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. American Journal of Physiology, 3(320), C375-C391. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020.
  • Kiss, A. L. (2022). Inflammation in focus: The beginning and the end. Budapeşte. Pathology & Oncology Research, 4(27). https://doi.org/10.3389/pore.2021.1610136
  • Koçak, B., & Öney, B. (2021). Obezitenin inflamasyon ile ilişkisi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 174-177. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.202133226
  • Kojta, I., Chacińska, M., & Błachnio-Zabielska, A. (2020). Obesi-ty, bioactive lipids, and adipose tissue inflammation in in-sulin resistance. Nutrients, 12(1305). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051305
  • Kumar, S., & Kaufman, T. (2018). Childhood obesity. Panminev-ra Medica, 60(4), 200-212. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03557-7
  • Kurniawan, L. B., Rampo, H., Soraya, G. V., Adnan, E., Esa, T., & Widaningsih, Y. (2021). Effect of obesity, glucose control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure on Lp-PLA2 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Obesity Medicine, 22(4). https:/doi.org./ 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100318
  • Lee, J. (2021). Influences of exercise interventions on over-weight and obesity in children and adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 38(3), 502-516. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12862 Magkos, F., Fraterrigo, G., Yoshino, J., Luecking, C., Kirbach, K., Kelley, S. C., de Las Fuentes, L., He, S., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., & Klein, S. (2016). Effects of moderate and subsequent progressive weight loss on metabolic function and adipose tissue biology in humans with obesity. Cell Metabolism, 23(4), 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005
  • Mehrzad, R. (2023). Introduction to obesity and inflammation (1nd edition). Inflammation and obesity. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90960-0.00007-2
  • Obradovic, M., Sudar-Milanovic, E., Soskic, S., Essack, M., Arya, S., Stewart, A. J., Gojobori, T., & Isenovic, E. R. (2021). Leptin and obesity: Role and clinical implication. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.585887
  • Özbayer, C., Yağcı, E., & Kurt, H. (2018). Obezite, tip 2 diyabet ve insülin direnci arasındaki bağlantı: İnflamasyon. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri, 1(2), 27-36.
  • Parikh, R., Tarıq, S. M., Marinac, C. R., & Shah, U. A. (2022). A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders. Leukemia, 36(2), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01443-8
  • Rana, M. N., & Neeland, I. J. (2022). Adipose tissue inflamma-tion and cardiovasacular disease: An update. Current Dia-betes Reports, 22(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01446-9
  • Roche, H. M. (2019). Dietary modulation of energy homoeosta-sis and metabolic-inflammation. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(3), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002872
  • Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y. (2022). Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity, 55(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013
  • Rubio-Tomás, T., Rueda-Robles, A., Plaza-Díaz, J., & Álvarez-Mercadoc, A. (2022). Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders. Journal of Nutritional Biochemis-try, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108861
  • Sleigh, B. C., & Manna, B. (2022). Lymphedema. StatPearls. https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk537239 Stranahan, A. M. (2022). Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology, 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920
  • Şahin, T. & Tozcu, D. (2022). Leptin, mikrobiyota ve obezite ilişkisi. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi, 6(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1005455
  • Tzotzas, T., Flippatos, T.D., Triantos, A., Brucket, E., Tselepis, A. D. & Kiortsis, D. N. (2008). Effects of a low-calorie diet associated with weight loss on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp- PLA2) activity in healthy obese women. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(7), 477-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.04.004
  • Wedell-Neegaard, A., Lehrskov, L.L., Christensen, R. H., Le-gaard, G. E., Dorph, E., Larsen, M. K., Launbo, N., Fagerlind, S. R., Seide, S. K., Nymand, S., Ball, M., Vinum, N., Dahl, C. N., Henneberg, M., Ried-Larsen, M., Nybing, J. D., Christensen, R., Rosenmeier, J. B., Karstoft, K., …Krogh-Madsen, R. (2019). Exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue massa re regulated by IL-6 signal-ing: A rondomized controlled trial. Cell Metabolism, 29(4), 844-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018 World Health Organization. (2023, Nisan). Obesity definition. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
  • Wu, H., & Ballantyne,C. M. (2020). Metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Texas. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315896 Yan, J., & Horng, T. (2020). Lipid metabolism in regulation of macrophage functions. Trends in Cell Biology, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.006
  • Ying, W., Lee, Y. S., Dong, Y., Seidman, J. S., Yang, M., Isaac, R., Seo, J. B., Yang, B., Wollam, J., Riopel M., McNelis J., Glass C. K., Olefsky, J. M. & Fu, W. (2019). Expansion of is-let-resident macrophages leads to inflammation affecting β cell proliferation and function in obesity. Cell Metabolism, 29(2), 457-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.003
  • Yousefirad, N. (2020). Yüksek protein diyeti alan sıçanlarda antioksidan ve inflamasyon biyobelirteçleri ile obezite gelişimi arasındaki ilişkinin nesillere bağlı değişiminin incelenmesi. [Doktora Tezi]. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Endokrinoloji, Halk Sağlığı, Çevre Sağlığı, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme Bölümü
Yazarlar

Esranur Yavuz 0000-0001-7373-7239

Fatmanur Özyürek 0000-0002-3157-8257

Merve Pehlivan 0000-0002-5863-5258

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, E., Özyürek, F., & Pehlivan, M. (2023). Obezite Enfeksiyon Hastalığı Mıdır?. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 56-65.