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Evaluation of healthcare workers first vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine in Northwest Syria Observations of vaccine side effects in emergency departments

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 6, 670 - 676, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1147493

Öz

Aim
In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine administered to health workers in northwestern Syria.
Materials and Methods
The study retrospectively analyzed data from 260 health care workers who received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine between May 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021, in the northwestern Syria region by searching the Syrian Immunization Group database (SIG) and patient records from hospital or health center emergency departments.
Results
The mean age of health care personnel was 35.86∓8.03 years, and 9.6% were women. Of those who participated in the study, 5.8% had comorbid diseases. 109 (42.1%) were vaccinated in hospital emergency departments and 151 (57.9%) in health center emergency departments. It was found that 63.5% (n=165) of those vaccinated experienced adverse reactions to the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. The most common adverse reactions to the vaccine were fever in 128 individuals (49%), fatigue in 89 individuals (55.6%), headache in 54 individuals (20.8%), weakness in 53 individuals (20.4%), joint pain in 50 individuals (19.2%), injection site pain in 47 individuals (18.1%), and muscle pain in 33 individuals (12.7%). The side effects noted were classified as severe, moderate, and mild. Of these, fever 15.4% (n=40), fatigue 11.9% (n=31), and headache 9.6% (n=25) were the most common severe side effects. It was found that 14 (5.4%) individuals required hospitalization and medical treatment due to adverse reactions to the vaccine. When evaluating the side effects observed in hospitalized patients, the most common side effects were fever, chills, muscle pain, joint pain, fatigue, and weakness.
Conclusion
It was concluded that the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine administered to health care workers in northwestern Syria had no fatal side effects and that fewer side effects were generally observed in this study compared with the literature. Research on side effects through independent studies will help address global and regional concerns about vaccines.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Özkan GORGULU (Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department) for his assistance in the statistical analysis of the study.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, et al. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • 2. Hatmal MMM, Al-Hatamleh MA, Olaimat AN, et al. (2021). Side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a randomized, cross-sectional study implementing machine learning for predicting severity of side effects. Vaccines, 9(6), 556.
  • 3. Erkal E, Ses AG, Aydin S, et al. (2020). COVID-19’un toplumda yayılımını önlemeye yönelik ilaç dışı halk sağlığı önlemleri. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 79-95.
  • 4. Yavuz E. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines. Turkish Journal of Family Practice, 24(4), 227-234.
  • 5. https://covid-19tracker.milkeninstitute.org/#vaccines_intro [Date of Access: 31.04.2022]
  • 6. Coustasse A, Kimble C & Maxik K. (2021). COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy: a challenge the United States must overcome. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 44(1), 71-75.
  • 7. Awijen H, Zaied YB & Nguyen DK. (2022). Covid-19 vaccination, fear and anxiety: Evidence from Google search trends. Social Science & Medicine, 297, 114820.
  • 8. Riad A, Pokorná A, Attia S, et al. (2021). Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine side effects among healthcare workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(7), 1428.
  • 9. Rief W. (2021, April). Fear of adverse effects and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: recommendations of the treatment expectation expert group. In JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. e210804-e210804). American Medical Association.
  • 10. http://www.emro.who.int/syria/news/update-on-covid-19-vaccination-in-syria.html [Date of Access: 01.05.2022]
  • 11. Seyhan AU & Karaca B. (2021). Evaluation of demographic and clinical characteristics of healthcare professionals with COVID-19 in Northwest Syria Region. Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 78(1), 39-46.
  • 12. Kerr JR, Schneider CR, Recchia G, et al. (2020) Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries. medRxiv 2020.12.09.20246439; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246439
  • 13. Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 396(10249), 467-478.
  • 14. Ramasam MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. The Lancet, 396(10267), 1979-1993.
  • 15. Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 397(10269), 99-111.
  • 16. Vogel G & Kupferschmidt K. (2021). New problems erode confidence in AstraZeneca's vaccine. SCIENCE, 371 (6536),1294-1295. DOI: 10.1126/science.371.6536.1294
  • 17. Wise J. (2021). Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots. BMJ 2021;372:n699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n699
  • 18. Ferner RE, Stevens RJ, Anton C, et al. Spontaneous Reporting to Regulatory Authorities of Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines Over Time: The Effect of Publicity. Drug Safety. 2022 Jan 22:1-8.
  • 19. Andrzejczak-Grządko S, Czudy Z, Donderska M. Side effects after COVID-19 vaccinations among residents of Poland. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Jun 1;25(12):4418-21.
  • 20. Manilgama SR, Hettiarachchi NM, Jayasinghe KI, et al. Prevalence of Covishield COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Adverse Effects among Health Care Workers in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2022 Mar 1;116:S61.
  • 21. Attash HM, Al-Obaidy LM, Al-Qazaz HK. Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2022 Feb;10(2):186.
  • 22. Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MA, Olaimat AN, et al. Side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a randomized, cross-sectional study implementing machine learning for predicting severity of side effects. Vaccines. 2021 Jun;9(6):556.
  • 23. Solomon Y, Eshete T, Mekasha B, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021;14:2577.
  • 24. Habersaat KB, Jackson C. Understanding vaccine acceptance and demand and ways to increase them. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz. 2020 Jan;63(1):32-9.
  • 25. Park C, Sakong J, Jo S, et al. Adverse Effects on Work and Daily Life Interference among Healthcare Workers after the First and Second ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Doses. Vaccines. 2021 Aug;9(8):926.
  • 26. Bae S, Lee YW, Lim SY, et al. Adverse reactions following the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and BNT162b2 vaccine for healthcare workers in South Korea. Journal of Korean medical science. 2021 May 3;36(17).
  • 27. Shrestha S, Devbhandari RP, Shrestha A, et al. Adverse events following the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD) vaccine in the first phase of vaccine roll out in Nepal. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2021 May 15;8(1):9-17.
  • 28. Al Bahrani S, Albarrak A, Alghamdi OA, et al. Safety and reactogenicity of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Sep 1;110:359-62.
  • 29. Kamal D., Thakur V., Nath N., et al. Adverse events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (COVISHIELD) amongst health care workers: A prospective observational study. Med. J. Armed Forces India 2021, 77, S283–S288.
  • 30. Hillus D., Schwarz T., Tober-Lau P., et al. Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of homologous a nd heterologous prime-boost immunisation with ChAdOx1-nCoV19and BNT162b2: A cohort study. medRxiv 2021.05.19.21257334; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.19.21257334.
  • 31. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice [date of access: 02.04.2022]
  • 32. Fertel BS, Milk J, Simon EL, et al. COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions bring patients to emergency departments. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Apr;54:302.
  • 33. Kim SH, Wi YM, Yun SY, et al. Adverse events in healthcare workers after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a single center experience. Journal of Korean medical science. 2021 Apr 12;36(14).
  • 34. Al Khames Aga QA, Alkhaffaf WH, Hatem TH, et al. Safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. Journal of medical virology. 2021 Dec;93(12):6588-94.
  • 35. Jayadevan R, Shenoy RS, Anithadevi TS. Survey of symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination in India. medRxiv 2021.02.08.21251366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.08.21251366

Kuzeybatı Suriye'de COVID-19 aşısı ile ilk aşılanan sağlık çalışanlarının değerlendirilmesi: Acil servislerde aşı yan etkisi gözlemleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 6, 670 - 676, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1147493

Öz

Amaç
Bu çalışmada Kuzeybatı Suriye’de sağlık çalışanlarına uygulanan COVID-19 aşısının yan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Çalışmada 1 Mayıs 2021-30 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında Kuzeybatı Suriye Bölgesi’nde birinci doz COVID-19 aşısı olan 260 sağlık çalışanın verileri Syrian Immunization Group (SIG) veri tabanından ve hastanelerin acil servislerinden veya sağlık merkezlerinin acil birimlerinden hasta dosyalarından taranarak retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular
Sağlık çalışanlarının yaş ortalaması 35.86∓8.03 yıldı ve %9.6’sı kadındı. Çalışmaya dahil edilenlerin %5.8’i komorbid hastalığa sahiptir ve 109 (%42.1)’u hastanede acil serviste, 151 (%57.9)’i sağlık merkezlerinin acil birimlerinde aşılarını yaptırdı. Aşı olanların %63.5(n=165)’inde Oxford/AstraZeneca aşısının yan etkisi olduğu görüldü. En sık görülen aşı yan etkilerinden ateş 128(%49) kişide, yorgunluk 89(%55.6) kişide, baş ağrısı 54(%20.8) kişide, halsizlik 53(%20.4) kişide, eklem ağrıları 50(%19.2) kişide, aşı yerinde ağrı 47(%18.1) kişide ve kas ağrıları 33(%12.7) kişide tespite dildi. Tespit edilen yan etkiler şiddetli, orta, hafif olarak kendi içinde derecelendirildi. Bunlardan ateş %15.4(n=40), yorgunluk %11.9(n=31) ve baş ağrısı %9.6(n=25) oranlarında olup sırasıyla en sık görülen şiddetli yan etkilerdi. Aşı yan etkileri nedeniyle 14 (%5.4) kişinin tıbbi tedavi desteği almak durumunda kaldığı ve hastaneye yatırılarak tıbbi tedavi desteği aldığı saptandı. Hastaneye yatanlarda görülen yan etkiler değerlendirildiğinde en sık görülen yan etkilerin ateş(n=8), üşüme titreme(n=4), kas ağrıları(n=5), eklem ağrıları(n=4), yorgunluk(n=4) ve halsizlik(n=4) şikayetleri olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç
Kuzeybatı Suriye’de sağlık çalışanlarına uygulanan Oxford/AstraZeneca aşısının ölümcül yan etkilerin görülmediği, bu çalışmada genel olarak literatüre göre daha az yan etki görüldüğü tespit edildi. Bağımsız çalışmalarla yan etkiler üzerine araştırmaların yapılması, küresel ve bölgesel aşı endişelerinin giderilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, et al. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • 2. Hatmal MMM, Al-Hatamleh MA, Olaimat AN, et al. (2021). Side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a randomized, cross-sectional study implementing machine learning for predicting severity of side effects. Vaccines, 9(6), 556.
  • 3. Erkal E, Ses AG, Aydin S, et al. (2020). COVID-19’un toplumda yayılımını önlemeye yönelik ilaç dışı halk sağlığı önlemleri. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 79-95.
  • 4. Yavuz E. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines. Turkish Journal of Family Practice, 24(4), 227-234.
  • 5. https://covid-19tracker.milkeninstitute.org/#vaccines_intro [Date of Access: 31.04.2022]
  • 6. Coustasse A, Kimble C & Maxik K. (2021). COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy: a challenge the United States must overcome. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 44(1), 71-75.
  • 7. Awijen H, Zaied YB & Nguyen DK. (2022). Covid-19 vaccination, fear and anxiety: Evidence from Google search trends. Social Science & Medicine, 297, 114820.
  • 8. Riad A, Pokorná A, Attia S, et al. (2021). Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine side effects among healthcare workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(7), 1428.
  • 9. Rief W. (2021, April). Fear of adverse effects and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: recommendations of the treatment expectation expert group. In JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. e210804-e210804). American Medical Association.
  • 10. http://www.emro.who.int/syria/news/update-on-covid-19-vaccination-in-syria.html [Date of Access: 01.05.2022]
  • 11. Seyhan AU & Karaca B. (2021). Evaluation of demographic and clinical characteristics of healthcare professionals with COVID-19 in Northwest Syria Region. Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 78(1), 39-46.
  • 12. Kerr JR, Schneider CR, Recchia G, et al. (2020) Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries. medRxiv 2020.12.09.20246439; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246439
  • 13. Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 396(10249), 467-478.
  • 14. Ramasam MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. The Lancet, 396(10267), 1979-1993.
  • 15. Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 397(10269), 99-111.
  • 16. Vogel G & Kupferschmidt K. (2021). New problems erode confidence in AstraZeneca's vaccine. SCIENCE, 371 (6536),1294-1295. DOI: 10.1126/science.371.6536.1294
  • 17. Wise J. (2021). Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots. BMJ 2021;372:n699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n699
  • 18. Ferner RE, Stevens RJ, Anton C, et al. Spontaneous Reporting to Regulatory Authorities of Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines Over Time: The Effect of Publicity. Drug Safety. 2022 Jan 22:1-8.
  • 19. Andrzejczak-Grządko S, Czudy Z, Donderska M. Side effects after COVID-19 vaccinations among residents of Poland. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Jun 1;25(12):4418-21.
  • 20. Manilgama SR, Hettiarachchi NM, Jayasinghe KI, et al. Prevalence of Covishield COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Adverse Effects among Health Care Workers in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2022 Mar 1;116:S61.
  • 21. Attash HM, Al-Obaidy LM, Al-Qazaz HK. Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2022 Feb;10(2):186.
  • 22. Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MA, Olaimat AN, et al. Side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a randomized, cross-sectional study implementing machine learning for predicting severity of side effects. Vaccines. 2021 Jun;9(6):556.
  • 23. Solomon Y, Eshete T, Mekasha B, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021;14:2577.
  • 24. Habersaat KB, Jackson C. Understanding vaccine acceptance and demand and ways to increase them. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz. 2020 Jan;63(1):32-9.
  • 25. Park C, Sakong J, Jo S, et al. Adverse Effects on Work and Daily Life Interference among Healthcare Workers after the First and Second ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Doses. Vaccines. 2021 Aug;9(8):926.
  • 26. Bae S, Lee YW, Lim SY, et al. Adverse reactions following the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and BNT162b2 vaccine for healthcare workers in South Korea. Journal of Korean medical science. 2021 May 3;36(17).
  • 27. Shrestha S, Devbhandari RP, Shrestha A, et al. Adverse events following the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD) vaccine in the first phase of vaccine roll out in Nepal. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2021 May 15;8(1):9-17.
  • 28. Al Bahrani S, Albarrak A, Alghamdi OA, et al. Safety and reactogenicity of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Sep 1;110:359-62.
  • 29. Kamal D., Thakur V., Nath N., et al. Adverse events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (COVISHIELD) amongst health care workers: A prospective observational study. Med. J. Armed Forces India 2021, 77, S283–S288.
  • 30. Hillus D., Schwarz T., Tober-Lau P., et al. Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of homologous a nd heterologous prime-boost immunisation with ChAdOx1-nCoV19and BNT162b2: A cohort study. medRxiv 2021.05.19.21257334; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.19.21257334.
  • 31. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice [date of access: 02.04.2022]
  • 32. Fertel BS, Milk J, Simon EL, et al. COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions bring patients to emergency departments. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Apr;54:302.
  • 33. Kim SH, Wi YM, Yun SY, et al. Adverse events in healthcare workers after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a single center experience. Journal of Korean medical science. 2021 Apr 12;36(14).
  • 34. Al Khames Aga QA, Alkhaffaf WH, Hatem TH, et al. Safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. Journal of medical virology. 2021 Dec;93(12):6588-94.
  • 35. Jayadevan R, Shenoy RS, Anithadevi TS. Survey of symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination in India. medRxiv 2021.02.08.21251366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.08.21251366
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Bahadır Karaca 0000-0003-3645-4250

Burak Çelik 0000-0002-6746-4083

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Karaca B, Çelik B. Evaluation of healthcare workers first vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine in Northwest Syria Observations of vaccine side effects in emergency departments. Genel Tıp Derg. 2022;32(6):670-6.